摘要:
The emergence of mutations in tyrosine kinases following treatment of cancer patients with molecular-targeted therapy represents a major mechanism of acquired drug resistance. Here, we describe a mutation in the serpentine receptor, Smoothened (SMO), which results in resistance to a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor in medulloblastoma. A single amino acid substitution in a conserved aspartic acid residue of SMO maintains Hh signaling, but results in the inability of the Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449, to bind SMO and suppress the pathway. This mutation was not only acquired in a GDC-0449-resistant mouse model of medulloblastoma, but was identified in a Medulloblastoma patient following relapse on GDC-0449. The invention provides screening methods to detect SMO mutations and methods to screen for drugs that specifically modulate mutant SMO exhibiting drug resistance.
摘要:
The emergence of mutations in tyrosine kinases following treatment of cancer patients with molecular-targeted therapy represents a major mechanism of acquired drug resistance. Here, we describe a mutation in the serpentine receptor, Smoothened (SMO), which results in resistance to a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor in medulloblastoma. A single amino acid substitution in a conserved glutamic acid residue of SMO maintains Hh signaling, but results in the inability of the Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449, to bind SMO and suppress the pathway. The invention provides screening methods to detect SMO mutations and methods to screen for drugs that specifically modulate mutant SMO exhibiting drug resistance.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to compositions of matter useful for the treatment of hematopoietic tumor in mammals and to methods of using those compositions of matter for the same.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to compositions of matter useful for the treatment of hematopoietic tumor in mammals and to methods of using those compositions of matter for the same.
摘要:
A meg-CSF/thrombopoietin-like protein that is present in plasma of irradiated pigs has been purified. This protein, the porcine Mpl ligand polypeptide (ML), binds to and activates the c-Mpl receptor protein, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. The isolated Mpl ligand stimulates both megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
摘要:
Novel vertebrate homologues of Smoothened, including human and rat Smoothened, are provided. Compositions including vertebrate Smoothened chimeras, nucleic acid encoding vertebrate Smoothened, and antibodies to vertebrate Smoothened, are also provided.
摘要:
The emergence of mutations in tyrosine kinases following treatment of cancer patients with molecular-targeted therapy represents a major mechanism of acquired drug resistance. Here, we describe a mutation in the serpentine receptor, Smoothened (SMO), which results in resistance to a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor in medulloblastoma. A single amino acid substitution in a conserved aspartic acid residue of SMO maintains Hh signaling, but results in the inability of the Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449, to bind SMO and suppress the pathway. This mutation was not only acquired in a GDC-0449-resistant mouse model of medulloblastoma, but was identified in a Medulloblastoma patient following relapse on GDC-0449. The invention provides screening methods to detect SMO mutations and methods to screen for drugs that specifically modulate mutant SMO exhibiting drug resistance.
摘要:
Isolated thrombopoietin (TPO), isolated DNA encoding TPO, and recombinant or synthetic methods of preparing and purifying TPO are disclosed. Various forms of TPO are shown to influence the replication, differentiation or maturation of blood cells, especially megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Accordingly, these compounds may be used for treatment of thrombocytopenia.
摘要:
The emergence of mutations in tyrosine kinases following treatment of cancer patients with molecular-targeted therapy represents a major mechanism of acquired drug resistance. Here, we describe a mutation in the serpentine receptor, Smoothened (SMO), which results in resistance to a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor in medulloblastoma. A single amino acid substitution in a conserved glutamic acid residue of SMO maintains Hh signaling, but results in the inability of the Hh pathway inhibitor, GDC-0449, to bind SMO and suppress the pathway. The invention provides screening methods to detect SMO mutations and methods to screen for drugs that specifically modulate mutant SMO exhibiting drug resistance.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods for the treatment and diagnosis of immune related diseases, including those mediated by cytokines released primarily either Th1 or Th2 cells in response to antigenic stimulation. The present invention further relates to methods for biasing the differentiation of T-cells in either the Th1 subtype or the Th2 subtype, based on the relative expression levels of the gene TCCR, and its agonists or antagonists. The present invention further relates to a method of diagnosing Th1- and Th2-mediated diseases.