摘要:
Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oils and processes for producing the same are provided. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is produced by a process of contacting metal-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with an acidic ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid groups. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is removed from spent acidic ion-exchange resin after ion-exchange.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus to improve hot gas filtration to reduce the liquid fuel loss caused by prolonged residence time at high temperatures are described. The improvement can be obtained by reducing the residence time at elevated temperature by reducing the temperature of the pyrolysis vapor, by reducing the volume of the pyrolysis vapor at the elevated temperature, by increasing the volumetric flow rate at constant volume of the pyrolysis vapor, or by doing a combination of these.
摘要:
Methods for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. In an embodiment, a method comprises the steps of diluting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a phenolic-containing diluent to form a diluted pyoil-phenolic feed. The diluted pyoil-phenolic feed is contacted with a deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at hydroprocessing conditions effective to form a low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent.
摘要:
Processes for producing reduced acid lignocellulosic-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. In a process, lignocellulosic material is fed to a heating zone. A basic solid catalyst is delivered to the heating zone. The lignocellulosic material is pyrolyzed in the presence of the basic solid catalyst in the heating zone to create pyrolysis gases. The oxygen in the pyrolysis gases is catalytically converted to separable species in the heating zone. The pyrolysis gases are removed from the heating zone and are liquefied to form the reduced acid lignocellulosic-derived pyrolysis oil.
摘要:
Low metal, low water biomass-derived pyrolysis oils and methods for producing the same are provided. Metal- and water-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is contacted with an acidic ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid groups to produce a low metal, water-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The low metal, water-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is removed from the spent ion-exchange resin after ion-exchange. The low metal, water-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is distilled to produce a low metal, low water biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a distillation product. The distillation product comprises one or both of an alcohol ion-exchange regenerant and an acidic ion-exchange regenerant which may be used to regenerate the spent ion-exchange resin. The regenerated acidic ion-exchange resin may be recycled. The spent alcohol and acid ion-exchange regenerants may be recovered and recycled.
摘要:
A process for producing a blended fuel from a paraffin rich component and a cyclic rich component, where each of the components are generated from a renewable feedstock, is presented. The paraffin rich component is generated from glycerides and free fatty acids in feedstocks such as plant and animal oils. The cyclic rich component is generated from biomass derived pyrolysis oil. The source of the animal or plant oil and the biomass may be the same renewable source.
摘要:
A process for the production of methanol from methane has been developed. The process involves reacting methane with an oxidant such as oxygen or a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst and a solvent in a reaction zone to produce an effluent stream comprising a methanol product. The effluent stream is next separated into a gaseous stream comprising unreacted methane and carbon dioxide and a liquid stream comprising the methanol product and solvent. Next the gaseous stream is further separated to provide a methane stream which is recycled to the reaction zone. Finally, a methanol stream is isolated and a solvent stream is recycled to the reaction zone.
摘要:
A process for converting methane to methanol using a homogeneous catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a metal compound having an empirical formula of MxXm where M is a metal such as Pd, Cu, Co, and Mn, X is an anion such as acetate, trifluoroacetate, sulfate, propionate, “m” is the oxidation state of M, and “x” is the anion valence of X. Generally the process involves contacting a gas stream containing methane with the homogeneous catalyst and an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide at oxidation conditions to produce methyl trifluoroacetate. Finally, the methyl trifluoroacetate is hydrolyzed to give a methanol product stream.
摘要翻译:已经开发了使用均相催化剂将甲烷转化成甲醇的方法。 该催化剂是经验式为M x X X m的金属化合物,其中M是诸如Pd,Cu,Co和Mn的金属,X是阴离子 作为乙酸盐,三氟乙酸盐,硫酸盐,丙酸盐,“m”是M的氧化态,“x”是X的阴离子价。通常,该方法包括使含有甲烷的气流与均相催化剂和氧化剂如氢 过氧化物在氧化条件下产生三氟乙酸甲酯。 最后,将三氟乙酸甲酯水解,得到甲醇产物流。
摘要:
Methods and apparatus to improve hot gas filtration to reduce the liquid fuel loss caused by prolonged residence time at high temperatures are described. The improvement can be obtained by reducing the residence time at elevated temperature by reducing the temperature of the pyrolysis vapor, by reducing the volume of the pyrolysis vapor at the elevated temperature, by increasing the volumetric flow rate at constant volume of the pyrolysis vapor, or by doing a combination of these.
摘要:
Embodiments of methods and catalysts for deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the step of contacting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first predetermined hydroprocessing conditions to form a first low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises a neutral catalyst support, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. The first deoxygenating catalyst comprises nickel in an amount calculated as an oxide of from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. %.