公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US09699940

申请日：2000-10-30

申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

公开(公告)号：US06452667B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US09456113

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01N2100

CPC分类号： G01K11/3206 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01K5/52

摘要： A pressure-isolated Bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical element which includes an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating disposed therein. The Bragg grating is encased within and fused to at least a portion of an inner glass capillary tube, or comprises a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating disposed therein, encased within an outer tube to form a chamber. An extended portion of the sensing element that has the grating therein extends inwardly into the chamber which allows the grating to sense temperature changes but isolates the grating from external pressure. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the sensing element may be doped between a pair of gratings to form a temperature tuned laser, or the grating or gratings may be configured as a tunable DFB laser disposed in the sensing element.

摘要翻译： 压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学元件，该光学元件包括其中布置有至少一个布拉格光栅的光纤。 布拉格光栅被封装在内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中并且熔合到内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中，或包括具有芯和宽包层并且具有设置在其中的光栅的大直径波导光栅，该光栅包围在外管内以形成室 。 具有光栅的感测元件的延伸部分向内延伸到腔室中，允许光栅感测温度变化，但是将光栅与外部压力隔离。 可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 感测元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅之间以形成温度调节的激光器，或者光栅或光栅可被配置为设置在感测元件中的可调DFB激光器。

公开(公告)号：US06865194B1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-08

申请号：US09455866

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Christopher J. Wright ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Christopher J. Wright ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01K11/32 ,  H01S3/30 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01K11/32

摘要： A strain-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 disposed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating 12 disposed therein, which senses temperature changes but is substantially not sensitive to strains on the element caused by the fiber or other effects. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength λ1. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may be other geometries and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used or more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the element 20,600 may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, disposed therein to form a temperature tunable laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a temperature tunable DFB laser disposed in the element. Also, the element may have an inner or outer tapered regions 22,27, respectively, to provide strain relief and/or added pull strength for the fiber 10. Further, the fiber 10 and the tube 20 may be made of different coefficients of thermal expansion for increased sensitivity.

摘要翻译： 应变隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有布置在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并且熔合到玻璃毛细管20和/ 大直径波导光栅600具有芯和宽包层并且其中布置有光栅12，其感测温度变化，但对由纤维或其它效应引起的元件上的应变基本上不敏感。 光14入射在光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1反射。 感测元件20,600的形状可以是其他几何形状，和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，或者可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 元件20,600的至少一部分可以被掺杂在放置在其中的一对光栅150,152之间以形成温度可调激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可以被构造为设置在元件中的温度可调谐DFB激光器。 此外，元件可以分别具有内部或外部锥形区域22,27，以为纤维10提供应变消除和/或增加的拉伸强度。此外，纤维10和管子20可以由不同的热系数 扩大灵敏度提高。

公开(公告)号：US06490931B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09399403

申请日：1999-09-20

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Guy A. Daigle ,  John J. Grunbeck ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L1/242 ,  G01L11/025

摘要： A fused tension-based fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber having a Bragg grating impressed therein. The fiber is fused to tubes on opposite sides of the grating and an outer tube is fused to the tubes to form a chamber. The tubes and fiber may be made of glass. Light is incident on the grating and light is reflected from the grating at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The grating is initially placed in tension as the pressure P increases, the tension on the grating reduced and the reflection wavelength shifts accordingly. A temperature grating may be used to measure temperature and allow for a temperature-corrected pressure measurement.

摘要翻译： 基于熔融张力的光纤光栅压力传感器包括其中印有布拉格光栅的光纤。 纤维被熔合到光栅的相对侧上的管，并且外管与管融合以形成室。 管和纤维可以由玻璃制成。 光入射到光栅上，光以反射波长lambd1从光栅反射。 当压力P增加时，光栅最初处于张力状态，光栅上的张力减小，反射波长相应地移动。 温度光栅可用于测量温度并允许进行温度校正的压力测量。

公开(公告)号：US06298184B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09205845

申请日：1998-12-04

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/02133 ,  G02B2006/02161

摘要： A method and apparatus for forming a tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 28 which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 120 and a substantially transparent index-matching medium 122, such as an optically flat window, having an optically flat surface 126 adjacent to the tube 120. A substantially transparent index-matching intermediate material (e.g., UV transparent oil) 124 is used between the window 22 and the tube 120 to substantially eliminate the interface between the tube 120 and the medium 122. A pair of writing beams 26,34 are incident on and pass through the medium 122, the tube 120 and intersect and interfere in a region 30 on the fiber 28. Also, the width Wb of the writing beams 26,34 may be set to be less than the width Woil of the intermediate material 124 to eliminate surface damage (ablations) of the tube 120. Attentively, the medium 122 may have a geometry to eliminate surface ablations (e.g., a collar shape) and/or to match the shape of the tube 120. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be written in the tube-encased fiber or one or more gratings may be formed in multiple fibers 28,250 encased in the tube 120. Further, high intensity writing beams 26,34 on the fiber 28 may be achieved by having the medium 122 have a predetermined thickness T.

摘要翻译： 用于形成管封装光纤光栅的方法和装置包括：光纤28，其被包裹在玻璃毛细管120和基本上透明的折射率匹配介质122的至少一部分内并且熔合到光纤平面窗口 具有与管120相邻的光学平坦表面126.在窗口22和管120之间使用基本上透明的折射率匹配中间材料（例如，UV透明油）124，以基本上消除管120和管120之间的界面 介质122.一对写入光束26,34入射并穿过介质122，管120并且交叉并干涉光纤28上的区域30.而且，写入光束26,34的宽度Wb可以 被设定为小于中间材料124的宽度Wo，以消除管120的表面损伤（消融）。注意地，介质122可以具有几何形状以消除表面消融（例如，套环形状）和/或t o匹配管120的形状。可以将多于一个的光栅或一对光栅写入管封装的光纤中，或者一个或多个光栅可以形成在封装在管120中的多个光纤28,250中。此外，高强度写入光束 26,34可以通过使介质122具有预定厚度T来实现。

公开(公告)号：US06633695B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

申请号：US09800918

申请日：2001-03-06

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B628

CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/29398 ,  H04J14/021

摘要： A compression-tuned fiber Bragg grating based reconfigurable wavelength add/drop module has a compression force assembly and an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit having gratings spaced along an axis of compression. The compression force assembly responds to a control electronics signal containing information about a selected wavelength of a channel to be added to or dropped from an optical traffic signal, for providing a compression force applied along the axis of compression. The compression unit responds to the optical traffic signal and the compression force, for providing an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit optical signal having the selected wavelength of the channel to be added to or dropped from the optical traffic signal. The compression unit optical signal may include either the traffic with an added reflected channel(s), or a dropped reflected channel(s). The compression unit is a “dogbone” structure having either a glass tube with an optical fiber fused therein, or a single large diameter waveguide having a core. The core of the optical fiber or waveguide has the gratings spaced therein. The axis of compression is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the dogbone structure.

摘要翻译： 基于压缩调谐光纤布拉格光栅的可重构波长加/减模块具有压缩组件和全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元，其具有沿压缩轴间隔开的光栅。 压缩力组件响应于控制电子信号，该控制电子信号包含关于要添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的选定波长的信息，以提供沿着压缩轴施加的压缩力。 压缩单元响应于光学交通信号和压缩力，用于提供具有要被添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的所选波长的全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元光信号。 压缩单元光信号可以包括具有附加反射信道的业务或者丢弃的反射信道。 压缩单元是具有熔合在其中的光纤的玻璃管或具有芯的单个大直径波导的“狗骨”结构。 光纤或波导的核心具有间隔开的光栅。 压缩轴线与狗骨架结构的纵向轴线平行

公开(公告)号：US20130192351A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-01

申请号：US13583062

申请日：2011-03-09

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Douglas H. Loose ,  James M. Sullivan ,  John Biesak ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Douglas H. Loose ,  James M. Sullivan ,  John Biesak ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis

IPC分类号： G01N29/02

CPC分类号： G01N29/02 ,  B03D1/028 ,  G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01L11/04 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/02433

摘要： The invention provides a signal processor that receives a signal containing information about an acoustic signal that is generated by at least one acoustic transmitter, that travels through an aerated fluid in a container, and that is received by at least one acoustic receiver arranged in relation to the container, including inside the container; and determines the gas volume fraction of the aerated fluid based at least partly on the speed of sound measurement of the acoustic signal that travels through the aerated fluid in the container. The signal processor also sends an output signal containing information about the gas volume fraction of the aerated fluid. The signal processor may be configured together with at least one acoustic transmitter, the at least one acoustic receiver, or both.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种信号处理器，其接收包含由至少一个声发射器产生的声信号的信号，所述信号传播通过容器中的充气流体，并且由至少一个声接收器接收，所述至少一个声接收器相对于 容器，包括在容器内; 并且至少部分地基于穿过容器中的充气流体的声信号的声音测量速度来确定充气流体的气体体积分数。 信号处理器还发送包含关于充气流体的气体体积分数的信息的输出信号。 信号处理器可以与至少一个声发射器，至少一个声接收器或两者配置。

公开(公告)号：US07209606B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

申请号：US11136144

申请日：2005-05-24

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29359 ,  G02B6/29389

摘要： An optical sensing device including a force-applying assembly for providing a force and a Fabry-Perot (FP) element including a large-diameter waveguide having a core and having a cavity in line with the core, the cavity having reflective surfaces and having an optical path length related to the distance between the reflective surfaces, the FP element being coupled to the force so that the optical path length changes according to the force, the FP element for providing an output optical signal containing information about a parameter that relates to the force. Sometimes the large-diameter waveguide is formed by collapsing a glass tube, having a bore and having an outer diameter of about one millimeter, onto a pair of optical fibers arranged in tandem in the bore and separated by a predetermined distance, and respective end faces of the optical fibers form the cavity and are coated with a wholly or partially reflective material.

摘要翻译： 一种光学传感装置，包括用于提供力的力施加组件和包括具有芯的大直径波导的法布里 - 珀罗（FP）元件，并且具有与所述芯一致的空腔，所述腔具有反射表面并且具有 光路长度与反射表面之间的距离相关联，FP元件被耦合到力，使得光路长度根据力而变化，FP元件用于提供包含关于参数的参数的信息的输出光信号 力。 有时，大直径波导是通过将具有孔径并且具有约1毫米的外径的玻璃管塌陷在一起在孔中并排布置预定距离的一对光纤上而形成的，并且相应的端面 的光纤形成空腔并涂覆有全部或部分反射材料。

公开(公告)号：US06898338B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10151475

申请日：2002-05-17

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29359 ,  G02B6/29389

摘要： An optical sensing device including a force-applying assembly for providing a force and a Fabry-Perot (FP) element including a large-diameter waveguide having a core and having a cavity in line with the core, the cavity having reflective surfaces and having an optical path length related to the distance between the reflective surfaces, the FP element being coupled to the force so that the optical path length changes according to the force, the FP element for providing an output optical signal containing information about a parameter that relates to the force. Sometimes the large-diameter waveguide is formed by collapsing a glass tube, having a bore and having an outer diameter of about one millimeter, onto a pair of optical fibers arranged in tandem in the bore and separated by a predetermined distance, and respective end faces of the optical fibers form the cavity and are coated with a wholly or partially reflective material.

摘要翻译： 一种光学传感装置，包括用于提供力的力施加组件和包括具有芯的大直径波导的法布里 - 珀罗（FP）元件，并且具有与所述芯一致的空腔，所述腔具有反射表面并且具有 光路长度与反射表面之间的距离相关联，FP元件被耦合到力，使得光路长度根据力而变化，FP元件用于提供包含关于参数的参数的信息的输出光信号 力。 有时，大直径波导是通过将具有孔径并且具有约1毫米的外径的玻璃管塌陷在一起在孔中并排布置预定距离的一对光纤上而形成的，并且相应的端面 的光纤形成空腔并涂覆有全部或部分反射材料。

公开(公告)号：US06626043B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09494417

申请日：2000-01-31

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，其被封装在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的感测元件内。流体阻挡涂层30设置在外表面 的毛细管壳，以防止流体的扩散，例如水分子扩散到壳体中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。