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公开(公告)号：US5835522A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US752704
申请日：1996-11-19
摘要： A laser system capable of providing light of high intensity is disclosed. This system includes a laser gain medium and three reflectors. A first reflector and a second reflector spaced from the first reflector define a laser cavity that contains the laser gain medium. Light reflected by the first reflector is amplified by the laser gain medium. A third reflector is spaced from the second reflector to define a resonant cavity external to the laser cavity. Light passes from the laser cavity to resonate in the external resonant cavity. Part of the light passes from the external resonant cavity to the laser cavity. A light-screening device, e.g., an aperture, is disposed between the second reflector and the gain medium to screen light reflected from the external cavity such that the light portion of constructive interference is preferentially passed over the light portion of destructive interference. This enables the gain medium to optically lock to the resonant frequency of the external cavity.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够提供高强度光的激光系统。 该系统包括激光增益介质和三个反射器。 与第一反射器间隔开的第一反射器和第二反射器限定包含激光增益介质的激光腔。 由第一反射器反射的光被激光增益介质放大。 第三反射器与第二反射器间隔开以限定激光腔外部的谐振腔。 光通过激光腔，在外部谐振腔谐振。 部分光从外部谐振腔传递到激光腔。 遮光装置，例如孔，设置在第二反射器和增益介质之间，以屏蔽从外部空腔反射的光，使得建构性干涉的光部分优先通过相对干涉的光部分。 这使得增益介质能够光学锁定到外部腔的谐振频率。
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公开(公告)号：US5450193A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US226245
申请日：1994-04-11
申请人： William F. Carlsen , Tad D. Simons , Richard J. Pittaro , Jeffrey Perry , George W. Hopkins, II , Damien F. Gray
发明人： William F. Carlsen , Tad D. Simons , Richard J. Pittaro , Jeffrey Perry , George W. Hopkins, II , Damien F. Gray
摘要： Method and apparatus for determining the composition and concentration of gases present in a patient's airway by measurement of the spectrum of Raman scattered light from these gases. The efficiency is improved by collecting Raman scattered light generated outside the collection region. The gases present are assumed to be drawn from a predetermined set of gases with known Raman scattering spectra, and the concentrations are determined by solution of a matrix equation Ac=b, where the c vector components are the unknown concentrations and the b vector components are determined from measurements of the Raman scattering intensifies in a plurality of wavelength or wavenumber intervals. The linear system of equations represented by the matrix equation may be overdetermined and may require solution by non-conventional methods, such as singular value decomposition.
摘要翻译： 通过测量来自这些气体的拉曼散射光的光谱来确定患者气道中存在的气体的组成和浓度的方法和装置。 通过收集在收集区域外部产生的拉曼散射光来提高效率。 存在的气体被假设从具有已知拉曼散射光谱的预定气体组中抽出，并且浓度通过矩阵方程式Ac = b的溶液来确定，其中c矢量分量是未知浓度，b矢量分量是 由拉曼散射的测量确定，以多个波长或波数间隔增强。 由矩阵方程表示的线性方程式可以被过度确定，并且可能需要通过非常规方法（例如奇异值分解）的解。
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13.发明授权Dark current subtraction with abbreviated reference cycles and recursive filtering 失效暗电流减法与缩写参考循环和递归滤波
公开(公告)号：US5408314A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-18
申请号：US21927
申请日：1993-02-24
申请人： Jeffrey Perry , Richard J. Pittaro
发明人： Jeffrey Perry , Richard J. Pittaro
CPC分类号： H04N5/361 , G01J1/44 , G01J3/44 , H04N5/3651 , G01J2001/4242 , G01J2001/444 , G01N2021/8578
摘要： A method and apparatus for performing dark signal correction on a photoelectric conversion device. A flow of light to the device is alternately conducted and interrupted. The device generates an intermixed signal while the flow of light is conducted to the device, the intermixed signal including a desired signal intermixed with an unwanted dark signal. The device generates a dark signal alone while the flow of light to the device is interrupted. The dark signal alone is filtered to produce a filtered dark signal. The filtered dark signal is subtracted from the intermixed signal to produce a corrected signal, which is representative of the desired signal.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在光电转换装置上执行暗信号校正的方法和装置。 交替传导和中断到设备的光流。 该装置在将光流传导到装置时产生混合信号，混合信号包括与不需要的暗信号混合的期望信号。 该设备单独产生暗信号，同时中断到设备的光流。 单独的暗信号被滤波以产生滤波的暗信号。 从混合信号中减去滤波后的暗信号，以产生校正信号，该校正信号代表期望信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4437332A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US429127
申请日：1982-09-30
申请人： Richard J. Pittaro
发明人： Richard J. Pittaro
CPC分类号： G01B17/02 , G01N29/07 , G01N2291/0258 , G01N2291/02854 , G01N2291/02881
摘要： A programmable ultrasonic thickness and acoustic velocity measuring instrument is provided which includes automatic zeroing (calibrating) means, automatic temperature compensation and high temperature warning means, automatic probe identification means, means for automatically correcting the measurement readings for probe characteristics, means for storing and displaying of the minimum wall thickness during a predetermined time interval, and means for providing a display indicative of the difference between a measured thickness and a preprogrammed value.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种可编程超声波测厚仪和声速测量仪器，包括自动归零（校准）装置，自动温度补偿和高温报警装置，自动探头识别装置，用于自动校正探头特性的测量读数的装置，用于存储和显示的装置 在预定时间间隔内具有最小壁厚的装置，以及用于提供指示测量厚度和预编程值之间的差的显示的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4064742A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-27
申请号：US764343
申请日：1977-01-31
申请人： Richard J. Pittaro
发明人： Richard J. Pittaro
CPC分类号： H03L7/181 , G01N29/38 , G01S7/52004 , Y10S367/902
摘要： A clock circuit comprising a synchronizable voltage controlled oscillator in combination with a programmable address means, which address means is adjusted commensurate with the acoustic velocity of the workpiece, provides clock pulses from the oscillator having a stable and accurate acoustic velocity dependent frequency. An entrant surface responsive electrical signal responsive to an ultrasonic search signal entering the workpiece is also provided to the clock circuit for assuring that the clock pulses are synchronized with the receipt of the electrical signal.
摘要翻译： 一种时钟电路，包括与可编程地址装置组合的可同步压控振荡器，所述可编程地址装置与所述工件的声速匹配地调整地址装置，提供具有稳定且准确的声学速度相关频率的振荡器的时钟脉冲。 响应于进入工件的超声波搜索信号的入射面响应电信号也被提供给时钟电路，以确保时钟脉冲与电信号的接收同步。
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公开(公告)号：US5432610A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-11
申请号：US228317
申请日：1994-04-15
摘要： A semiconductor laser power build-up system includes a semi-conductor laser. An optical resonance cavity is defined between at least two reflective elements and has an intracavity light beam along an intracavity beam path. A return light beam, which is a portion of the intracavity light beam, is transmitted through one of the reflective elements and is coincident with but oppositely directed relative to the incident beam. The laser is wholly optically locked to the cavity and the intracavity beam passes substantially without loss within the cavity. In a preferred application, a sample is placed in the cavity and a detector is provided to sense chemicals in the sample by, for example, detecting Raman-scattered light. A wavelength-determining element such as a grating or an etalon is preferably in the incident beam path between the laser and the cavity. The reflective elements can have very low transmission losses, an emission facet of the laser can have very low reflectivity, and feedback into the laser may be strong, for example, above 3%. When the laser is a diode laser, the invention provides for driving the diode laser with a current that is less than its bare-diode threshold current.
摘要翻译： 半导体激光发电系统包括半导体激光器。 在至少两个反射元件之间限定光学谐振腔，并且具有沿着腔内光束路径的腔内光束。 作为腔内光束的一部分的返回光束通过反射元件中的一个透射并且相对于入射光束重合而相反地定向。 激光器完全光学地锁定到空腔，并且腔内光束在腔内基本上没有损失。 在优选的应用中，将样品放置在空腔中，并且提供检测器以通过例如检测拉曼散射光来感测样品中的化学物质。 诸如光栅或标准具的波长确定元件优选地在激光器和空腔之间的入射光束路径中。 反射元件可以具有非常低的传输损耗，激光器的发射小面可以具有非常低的反射率，并且反射到激光器中可能是强的，例如高于3％。 当激光器是二极管激光器时，本发明提供了驱动二极管激光器的电流小于其二极管二极管阈值电流。
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17.发明授权Exponential decay time constant measurement using frequency of offset phase-locked loop: system and method 失效使用偏移锁相环频率的指数衰减时间常数测量：系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4716363A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US47818
申请日：1987-05-08
IPC分类号： G04F10/06 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1459 , A61B10/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/64 , G01N25/00 , G01R23/00 , G06Q50/00 , G01R23/16
CPC分类号： G01R23/00 , G01N21/6408 , G01N25/00 , G01N2021/3144 , G01N21/6428 , Y10T436/207497 , Y10T436/209163
摘要： Oxygen determination based on luminescence quenching of fluorescent dye is effected by using the frequency output of an offset-phase locked loop to calculate the time constant for the exponential decay of fluorescence. An offset phase angle between a periodic stimulus signal used to excite the dye and a response signal based on fluorescence detection is predetermined to optimize signal-to-noise ratio for a wide range of time constants. An offset-phase locked loop is used to vary the frequency of a periodic stimulus signal until the predetermined phase relationship is established. Where the stimulus and response signals are substantially sinusoidal, the offset phase angle is ideally about 49.3.degree., although substantially optimal performance is achieved using a more conveniently generated 45.degree.. The 45.degree. angle offset can also be used with a square-wave stimulus signal.
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公开(公告)号：US4134081A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-09
申请号：US843451
申请日：1977-10-19
申请人： Richard J. Pittaro
发明人： Richard J. Pittaro
CPC分类号： H03L7/181 , G01N29/38 , G01S7/52004 , Y10S367/902
摘要： A clock circuit comprising a synchronizable voltage controlled oscillator in combination with a programmable address means, which address means is adjusted commensurate with the acoustic velocity of the workpiece, provides clock pulses from the oscillator having a stable and accurate acoustic velocity dependent frequency. An entrant surface responsive electrical signal responsive to an ultrasonic search signal entering the workpiece is also provided to the clock circuit for assuring that the clock pulses are synchronized with the receipt of the electrical signal.
摘要翻译： 一种时钟电路，包括与可编程地址装置组合的可同步压控振荡器，所述可编程地址装置与所述工件的声速匹配地调整地址装置，提供具有稳定且准确的声学速度相关频率的振荡器的时钟脉冲。 响应于进入工件的超声波搜索信号的入射面响应电信号也被提供给时钟电路，以确保时钟脉冲与电信号的接收同步。
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公开(公告)号：US5341206A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US984812
申请日：1992-12-03
申请人： Richard J. Pittaro , Tad D. Simons
发明人： Richard J. Pittaro , Tad D. Simons
CPC分类号： G01J3/44 , G01N21/274 , G01N21/65 , G01N2021/651
摘要： A method for field calibrating a system adapted for spectrographic analysis of gaseous substances. The method uses an easily available gas, for example ambient air, thereby providing for field calibration of the system without the inconvenience of using a purified noble gas and a pre-measured calibration gas mixture. During calibration, spectrograms from the easily available gas are generated by the system at various number density levels of the gas. Information from the spectrograms is then used in setting an operating parameter of the system.
摘要翻译： 一种现场校准适用于气体物质光谱分析的系统的方法。 该方法使用容易获得的气体，例如环境空气，从而提供系统的现场校准，而不会使用纯化的惰性气体和预测量的校准气体混合物的不便。 在校准期间，来自容易获得的气体的光谱图由系统在气体的各种数量密度水平下产生。 然后使用来自光谱图的信息来设置系统的操作参数。
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公开(公告)号：US4003244A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-18
申请号：US618073
申请日：1975-09-30
CPC分类号： G01N29/07 , G01N2291/02854
摘要： An electrical circuit incorporated in a receiver circuit of an ultrasonic pulse-echo thickness and/or velocity measuring apparatus causes the entrant surface and rear wall responsive video signals to be of equal magnitude and in phase with each other. The provision of echo responsive video signals having equal amplitude and phase results in a measuring apparatus exhibiting improved accuracy while requiring fewer and less expensive circuit components.
摘要翻译： 结合在超声波脉冲回波厚度和/或速度测量装置的接收器电路中的电路使入射面和后壁响应的视频信号彼此相等并且相位相同。 提供具有相等振幅和相位的回波响应视频信号导致测量装置在要求更少和更便宜的电路部件的同时显示出提高的精度。
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