摘要:
A method is provided, comprising: copolymerizing a monomer comprising at least two amide groups, a monomer of formula (a) and a sulfonic acid or salt monomer, wherein R1 is CH3 or H. A polymer made by the method is provided. A method for coating an electrode is provided, comprising: providing an electrode; providing a solution of a free radical initiator, a monomer comprising at least two amide groups, a monomer of formula (a) and a sulfonic acid or salt monomer; wetting the electrode with the solution; and heating the wetted electrode; whereby the monomer comprising at least two amide groups, the monomer of formula (a), and the sulfonic acid or salt monomer are copolymerized; wherein R1 is CH3 or H. An electrode coated by the method is provided.
摘要:
A method for removing chloride from an aqueous solution having an initial chloride ion (Cl−) weight concentration, comprising: adding a magnesium compound to the aqueous solution, magnesium ion weight concentration being less than about 20% of the initial chloride ion weight concentration; adding at least two compounds comprising calcium ions (Ca2+), hydroxide ions (OH−) and aluminate ions (AlO2−), wherein pH of the aqueous solution is greater than about 10 after addition of the at least two compounds; and stirring for precipitation.
摘要:
A desalination system and method of desalinating liquids are provided. The desalination system includes a supercapacitor desalination unit. A first liquid source to be desalinated is provided to the supercapacitor desalination unit while the system is in a charging mode of operation. A second liquid source comprising saturated or supersaturated liquid is provided to the supercapacitor desalination unit when the system is in a discharging mode of operation.
摘要:
A method of improving a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for a light signal transmitted by wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions, the light signal including a snake component and a ballistic component for carrying coded information, and a diffusive component that adds to background noise, the method comprising the steps of: encoding information to be transmitted by the light signal, wherein the light signal is one of a serial train of code pulses or a modulated light beam; selecting an appropriate wavelength for the encoded light signal; transmitting the encoded light signal though the adverse environmental conditions; receiving the encoded light signal; sorting the received encoded light signal to preferentially select the information carrying components and reduce the diffusive component; and detecting the sorted encoded light signal with a photo-detector.
摘要:
An electric machine having multi-set rectangular copper hairpin windings comprises a stator having a plurality of partially closed stator slots. A first winding set and a second winding set are positioned in the stator slots. The first winding set and the second winding set are connected by adjacent leg ends. According to a first embodiment, conductor layers in alternate slots alternate between different phases. The conductor layers in the remaining slots are all of the same phase. Hairpins having unequal length legs are used to implement the first embodiment. According to a second embodiment, conductor layers in alternate slots include one phase for the first winding set and another phase for the second winding set. The conductor layers in the remaining slots are all of the same phase. Hairpins having equal length legs are used to implement the second embodiment.
摘要:
A bipolar electrode comprises an intermediate layer comprising one or more carbon materials. The bipolar electrode further comprises first and second layers disposed on opposite surfaces of the intermediate layer and configured to act as an anode and a cathode. The first and second layers comprise at least one of one or more electrically conductive carbon materials and one or more conductive polymers. A supercapacitor desalination device and a method for making the bipolar electrode are also presented.
摘要:
A water treatment device including an electro-coagulation (EC) unit for treating a stream of feed water to produce a stream of EC treated water of lower salinity than the stream of feed water, an electrical separation unit for treating the stream of EC treated water to obtain a stream of product water of lower salinity than the EC treated water, and a precipitation unit for providing a stream of wash water to wash the electrical separation unit and become a stream of reject water flowing back to the precipitation unit, wherein precipitation in the precipitation unit produces the stream of wash water of lower salinity than the stream of reject water.
摘要:
A supercapacitor has a first electrode, a second electrode, a first ionic carrier configured to contact the first electrode to provide a first ion-conductive pathway for transportation of ions to and from the first electrode, and a first retaining layer configured to retain the first ionic carrier between the first electrode and the first retaining layer. The supercapacitor also has an electrolyte dispersed between the first and the second electrodes to provide the ions, a first current collector configured to contact the first electrode and a second current collector configured to contact the second electrode. A method for making the supercapacitor is also presented.
摘要:
A method is provided, comprising: copolymerizing a monomer comprising at least two amide groups, a monomer of formula (a) and a sulfonic acid or salt monomer, wherein R1 is CH3 or H. A polymer made by the method, a membrane and an electrode comprising the polymer are provided.
摘要:
A plurality of images related to a particular image are determined, and a plurality of annotations associated with the plurality of images are identified. An ontology is determined based on the plurality of annotations, and an image annotation for the particular image is determined based on the ontology. The ontology may be a semantic ontology, for example.