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公开(公告)号：US5360320A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US843624
申请日：1992-02-27
CPC分类号： G01N30/34 , G05D11/131
摘要： To control a solvent composition in a supercritical fluid system, a first pump pumps a first solvent through a first conduit into a mixer and a second pump pumps a second solvent through a second conduit into the mixer. First and second transducers measure the pressure in the first and second conduits and generate first and second signals proportional to the pressures. Each pressure signal is multiplied by a corresponding programmed concentration signal and compared to the programmed pressure in a feedback system to generate an error signal. The error signal is multiplied by concentration signals from a programmer to control the pumping rate of each pump. The pumps pressurize each fluid one at a time at the start of a run. The pressurization process is also used for producing disturbance-free flow as delivery is changed from one pump to another during prolonged runs.
摘要翻译： 为了控制超临界流体系统中的溶剂组成，第一泵将第一溶剂通过第一导管泵送到混合器中，并且第二泵将第二溶剂通过第二导管泵送到混合器中。 第一和第二换能器测量第一和第二导管中的压力并产生与压力成比例的第一和第二信号。 每个压力信号乘以相应的编程浓度信号，并与反馈系统中编程的压力进行比较，以产生误差信号。 误差信号乘以来自编程器的浓度信号，以控制每个泵的泵送速率。 泵在运行开始时一次加压每个流体。 加压过程也用于产生无扰动的流量，因为在长时间运行期间输送从一个泵改变到另一个泵。
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公开(公告)号：US5296145A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-22
申请号：US75314
申请日：1993-06-11
IPC分类号： B01D11/02 , B01D11/04 , F04B9/04 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/06 , F16K15/18 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/28 , G01N30/60 , G01N35/04 , G21F5/015 , B01D11/00
CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 , B01D11/0407 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/065 , F04B9/042 , F16K15/183 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/28 , G21F5/015 , F04B2205/03 , F04B2205/05 , F04B2205/09 , F05B2230/41 , F05C2201/0493 , F05C2253/12 , G01N2001/4033 , G01N2001/4061 , G01N2030/6013 , G01N2035/0441 , G01N30/02
摘要： An apparatus for supercritical fluid extraction incorporates a removable extraction cartridge which in operation has insignificant pressure difference between its inside and outside walls. In one embodiment, the extractor includes a fraction collector for extractants, an automatic sample changer and an automatic cartridge transfer mechanism which provide completely automated extractions. To automatically perform extraction, valves for the fluids are automatically opened and closed in synchronism with the insertion and removal of the cartridges. These valves force a hard valve element into a softer valve seat with a valve stem that does not rotate significantly under the control of a rotary motor.
摘要翻译： 用于超临界流体萃取的装置包括可移除的提取筒，其在操作中在其内壁和外壁之间具有不显着的压力差。 在一个实施方案中，提取器包括用于萃取剂的馏分收集器，自动取样器和提供完全自动提取的自动送料机构。 为了自动执行萃取，流体的阀门将与插入和拆卸墨盒同步自动打开和关闭。 这些阀将硬阀元件压入较软的阀座，阀杆在旋转电机的控制下不会显着转动。
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公开(公告)号：US5268103A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-07
申请号：US27257
申请日：1993-03-05
IPC分类号： B01D11/00 , B01D11/02 , B01D11/04 , F04B9/04 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/06 , F16K15/18 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/28 , G01N30/60 , G01N35/04 , G21F5/015
CPC分类号： G21F5/015 , B01D11/0203 , B01D11/0407 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/065 , F04B9/042 , F16K15/183 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/28 , F04B2205/03 , F04B2205/05 , F04B2205/09 , F05B2230/41 , F05C2201/0493 , F05C2253/12 , G01N2001/4033 , G01N2001/4061 , G01N2030/6013 , G01N2035/0441 , G01N30/02
摘要： To avoid deposits on the restrictor that channels extractant into a collector, a heated capillary tube pressure release restrictor, has a thermally insulated outlet end in a collecting trap substantially colder than the capillary tube. The restrictor is heated between the insulation and the capillary tube by Joulean heating. The solvent in the trap is at a pressure of 5 to 200 psi above atmospheric pressure. The thermal resistance of the insulation is selected to reduce the heat added to the extractant to a minimum and yet cause the temperature of the extractant to be in a range within which it is sufficiently hot so it does not freeze when added to the collection solvent but not so hot as to reduce partitioning of the extract and extractant before the extractant leaves the collection solvent. It has a thermal conductivity no greater than 60 BTU's per hour, per square foot, per inch for a one degree Fahrenheit difference.
摘要翻译： 为了避免限流器上的沉积物将通道提取到收集器中，加热的毛细管压力释放限制器在收集阱中具有基本上比毛细管冷的热绝缘出口端。 限流器通过Joulean加热在隔热层和毛细管之间加热。 捕集器中的溶剂的压力高于大气压力5至200 psi。 选择绝缘体的耐热性以将添加到萃取剂中的热量降至最低，并且使提取剂的温度处于足够热的范围内，使其在加入到收集溶剂中时不会冻结，但是 不那么热，以至于在萃取剂离开收集溶剂之前减少提取物和萃取剂的分配。 对于一华氏度的差值，其导热率不大于每小时60BTU，每平方英尺。
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公开(公告)号：US5160624A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US795987
申请日：1991-11-22
IPC分类号： B01D11/00 , B01D11/02 , B01D11/04 , F04B9/04 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/06 , F16K15/18 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/10 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/28 , G01N30/60 , G01N35/04 , G21F5/015
CPC分类号： B01D11/0407 , B01D11/0203 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/065 , F04B9/042 , F16K15/183 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/28 , G21F5/015 , F04B2205/03 , F04B2205/05 , F04B2205/09 , F05B2230/41 , F05C2201/0493 , F05C2253/12 , G01N2001/4033 , G01N2001/4061 , G01N2030/6013 , G01N2035/0441 , G01N30/02
摘要： An apparatus for supercritical fluid extraction incorporates a removable extraction cartridge which in operation has insignificant pressure difference between its inside and outside walls. Because of the low pressure difference, the extraction cartridge need not have the strength to withstand significant pressure and can be made out of molded plastic for disposable use as well as stainless steel and/or machined plastic for reusability. The extraction cartridge can be removed and opened for sample access without the use of tools. The outside of the cartridge can be purged after it is installed in a heated high pressure vessel to remove contamination from its exterior. In one embodiment, the extractor includes a fraction collector fr extractants, an automatic sample changer and an automatic cartridge transfer mechanism which provide completely automated extractions.
摘要翻译： 用于超临界流体萃取的装置包括可移除的提取筒，其在操作中在其内壁和外壁之间具有不显着的压力差。 由于低压差，提取筒不需要具有承受显着压力的强度，并且可以由用于一次性使用的模制塑料以及用于可重复使用的不锈钢和/或加工塑料制成。 提取盒可以拆卸和打开，无需使用工具进行样品通道。 在将其安装在加热的高压容器中以清除其外部的污染物之后，可将其清除。 在一个实施方案中，提取器包括馏分收集器fr萃取剂，自动样品更换器和提供完全自动提取的自动转移机构。
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公开(公告)号：US4981597A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-01
申请号：US355881
申请日：1989-05-19
IPC分类号： G01N30/34
CPC分类号： G01N30/34 , G01N2030/347
摘要： To supply a programmed gradient to a high pressure pump for introduction into a column, a mixer, degasser and accumulator communicates with the high pressure pump to supply fluid thereto, having a volume no more than 150 times the chamber volume of the high pressure pump. The mixer, degasser and accumulator includes temperature sensors which sense when the mixer, degasser and accumulator has been emptied to a level where it cannot respond to a demand for fluid from said high pressure pump and provides a signal to a low pressure pump which responds by cycling to again fill the mixer, degasser and accumulator. Upon receiving a demand signal, the low pressure pump fills by drawing fluid from a plurality of fluid sources to compose the gradient being used at that time, with the pump slowing during valve opening and closing so as to avoid cavitation.
摘要翻译： 为了向高压泵提供编程梯度以引入塔中，混合器，脱气器和蓄能器与高压泵连通以向其提供流体，其体积不超过高压泵的室容积的150倍。 混合器，脱气机和蓄能器包括温度传感器，其感测混合器，脱气器和蓄能器何时被排空到不能响应来自所述高压泵的流体需求的水平，并且向低压泵提供信号，该低压泵由 循环再次填充混合器，脱气机和蓄压器。 在接收到需求信号时，通过从多个流体源抽取流体来填充低压泵以构成当时使用的梯度，同时在阀打开和关闭期间泵减慢，以避免空化。
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公开(公告)号：US6083399A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US905845
申请日：1997-08-04
IPC分类号： B01D11/02 , B01D11/04 , F04B9/04 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/06 , F04B53/08 , F04B53/14 , F16K15/18 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/28 , G01N30/60 , G01N35/04 , G21F5/015 , B01D11/00
CPC分类号： G21F5/015 , B01D11/0203 , B01D11/0407 , F04B15/08 , F04B49/065 , F04B53/08 , F04B53/143 , F04B9/042 , F16K15/183 , G01F1/34 , G01N1/34 , G01N1/40 , G01N30/28 , F04B2201/0209 , F04B2205/03 , F04B2205/05 , F04B2205/09 , F05B2230/41 , F05C2201/0493 , F05C2253/12 , G01N2001/4033 , G01N2001/4061 , G01N2030/6013 , G01N2035/0441 , G01N30/02
摘要： To avoid deposits on the restrictor that channels extractant into a collector, a heated capillary tube pressure release restrictor, has a thermally insulated outlet end in a collecting trap substantially colder than the capillary tube. The restrictor is heated between the insulation and the capillary tube by Joulean heating. The solvent in the trap is at a pressure of 5 to 200 psi above atmospheric pressure. The thermal resistance of the insulation is selected to reduce the heat added to the extractant to a minimum and yet cause the temperature of the extractant to be in a range within which it is sufficiently hot so it does not freeze when added to the collection solvent but not so hot as to reduce partitioning of the extract and extractant before the extractant leaves the collection solvent. It has a thermal conductivity no greater than 60 BTU's per hour, per square foot, per inch for a one degree Fahrenheit difference.
摘要翻译： 为了避免限流器上的沉积物将通道提取到收集器中，加热的毛细管压力释放限制器在收集阱中具有基本上比毛细管冷的热绝缘出口端。 限流器通过Joulean加热在隔热层和毛细管之间加热。 捕集器中的溶剂的压力高于大气压力5至200 psi。 选择绝缘体的耐热性以将添加到萃取剂中的热量降至最低，并且使提取剂的温度处于足够热的范围内，使其在加入到收集溶剂中时不会冻结，但是 不那么热，以至于在萃取剂离开收集溶剂之前减少提取物和萃取剂的分配。 对于一华氏度的差值，其导热率不大于每小时60BTU，每平方英尺。
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公开(公告)号：US5040126A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-13
申请号：US787016
申请日：1985-10-15
申请人： Robert W. Allington
发明人： Robert W. Allington
IPC分类号： G01N30/32
CPC分类号： G01N30/32 , G01N2030/326
摘要： To stabilize flow rate in a single-stroke, syringe-type high pressure pump to a constant value after turn-on, a control system; (1) in one embodiment, senses the maximum rate of change of pressure, detects a pressure when the rate of change is two-thirds of the maximum, increases the pump rate until the pressure is three times that at the value of the detected pressure and begins pumping at the preset constant flow rate; and (2) in another embodiment operates a pump system at a flow rate ten times the preset flow rate and, when the time derivative of the pressure has dropped to nine tenths of its maximum, the pump motor speed is reduced to the preset flow rate.
摘要翻译： 为了将单次冲程注射器型高压泵的流量稳定在开启后的恒定值，控制系统; （1）在一个实施例中，感测最大压力变化率，当变化率是最大值的三分之二时检测压力，增加泵速，直到压力为检测压力值的三倍 并以预设的恒定流量开始泵送; 和（2）在另一个实施例中，以预设流量的十倍的流速操作泵系统，并且当压力的时间导数已经下降到其最大值的十分之一时，泵电机速度降低到预设的流量 。
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公开(公告)号：US4933825A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US388767
申请日：1989-08-02
CPC分类号： H04B10/801 , G05F1/613 , H02M3/33523 , Y10S323/902
摘要： To reduce the cost of insulation in a high-voltage power supply capable of constant current or constant power operation, the power supply includes an optical self-powered feedback circuit from its high-voltage section to the low-voltage section to control the output of the power supply. The feedback circuit includes within the high-voltage section of the power supply: (1) a sensing circuit for obtaining an amplitude modulated signal related to current flowing through at least certain output terminals; (2) a voltage-to-frequency converter for converting the amplitude modulated signal to a frequency modulated signal; (3) a pulse shaper for generating pulses having a duration of less than 3 microseconds to reduce power consumption; and (4) a light emitting diode. Light from the diode is transmitted to a low-voltage section where it is utilized in the feedback network. The high-voltage feedback circuitry utilizes less than 75 microamps.
摘要翻译： 为了降低能够进行恒定电流或恒定功率运行的高压电源的绝缘成本，电源包括从其高压部分到低压部分的光学自供电反馈电路，以控制 电源。 反馈电路包括在电源的高压部分内：（1）感测电路，用于获得与流经至少某些输出端的电流相关的幅度调制信号; （2）电压 - 频率转换器，用于将幅度调制信号转换成调频信号; （3）脉冲整形器，用于产生具有小于3微秒持续时间的脉冲以降低功耗; 和（4）发光二极管。 来自二极管的光被传输到低压部分，在反馈网络中被利用。 高压反馈电路使用小于75微安。
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公开(公告)号：US4882781A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-21
申请号：US415276
申请日：1982-09-07
申请人： Robert W. Allington
发明人： Robert W. Allington
IPC分类号： G01N30/32
CPC分类号： G01N30/32 , G01N2030/326
摘要： To stablize flow rate in a single-stroke, syringe-type high pressure pump to a constant value after turn-on, a control system: (1) in one embodiment, the control system senses the maximum rate of change of pressure, detects a pressure when the rate of change is two-thirds of the maximum, increases the pump rate until the pressure is three times that at the value of the detected pressure and begins pumping at the preset constant flow rate and (2) in another embodiment, operates a pump system at a flow rate ten times the preset flow rate and, when the time derivative of the pressure has dropped to nine tenths of its maximum, the pump motor speed is reduced to the preset flow rate.
摘要翻译： 为了将单冲程注射器型高压泵的流量稳定在开启后的恒定值，控制系统：（1）在一个实施例中，控制系统感测最大压力变化率，检测 当变化率是最大值的三分之二时，压力增加，直到压力达到检测压力值的三倍，并以预设的恒定流量开始泵送;（2）在另一个实施例中，操作 泵系统的流量为预设流量的十倍，当压力的时间导数下降到其最大值的十分之一时，泵电机的速度降低到预设的流量。
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公开(公告)号：US4726680A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-23
申请号：US792321
申请日：1985-10-28
申请人： Robert W. Allington
发明人： Robert W. Allington
CPC分类号： G01N21/255
摘要： To reduce noise in an absorbance monitor in which the light source is a deuterium lamp, an aspheric condensing mirror focuses light from an approximately 0.6 mm-high by 2 mm-wide part of the central bright spot in the deuterium lamp through a slit in an aperture plate which blocks all other light and an aspheric monochromator mirror focuses the light onto a plane reflective diffraction grating, which: (1) is mounted for orbiting about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slit; and (2) adjusted so that, as it orbits it reflects a selected wavelength of light to a beam splitter. Each beam is focused upon and transmitted through a different one of two equal oval apertures optically at least as large as the height of the image of the aperture near the lamp. The beams are converted to an electrical signal by silicon diode photosensors, thus using only light: (1) focused in both transverse planes and originating from the same spot on the central bright spot; and (2) with the same relative geometric weighting for light propagating in various directions from various subparts of the central bright spot. To reduce noise originating from flow-related refraction effects in the flow cell, the flow cell has reflective walls and a large collecting mirror focuses light entry in a large cone from the flow cell into a measuring photocell. This large cone has a wider angle than the cone of light entering the flow cell.
摘要翻译： 为了降低光源是氘灯的吸光度监测器中的噪声，非球面聚光镜通过氘灯中的狭缝将来自氘灯中的中心亮点的大约0.6mm高×2mm宽的部分的光聚焦 阻挡所有其他光的孔板和非球面单色仪镜将光聚焦到平面反射衍射光栅上，所述平面反射衍射光栅：（1）安装成围绕平行于狭缝的纵向轴线的轴线旋转; 和（2）进行调整，使得当其轨道运动时，它将选择的波长的光反射到分束器。 每个光束被聚焦并透射通过光学上至少与灯附近的孔的图像的高度相同的两个相等的椭圆形孔中的不同的一个。 光束通过硅二极管光电传感器转换为电信号，因此仅使用光：（1）聚焦在两个横向平面上并源自中心亮点上的同一点; 和（2）对于从中央亮点的各个子部分在各个方向传播的光具有相同的相对几何加权。 为了减少源自流动池中流动相关折射效应的噪声，流动池具有反射壁，并且大的收集镜将来自流动池的大锥体中的光入射到测量光电池中。 这个大锥体具有比进入流动池的光锥更宽的角度。
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