公开(公告)号：US5386445A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-31

申请号：US166545

申请日：1993-12-14

Applicant: Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Roy E. Rand

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G21K5/02 ,  G21K5/08 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J37/12 ,  H01J37/21 ,  H01J35/06

CPC classification number: H01J35/14 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4028

Abstract: In a scanning electron beam CT system, the electron beam is focused by controlling the distribution of beam-generated ions electrostatically. The upstream (self-expanding, de-focusing) beam region and downstream (converging, self-focusing) beam region are distinguished by the absence or presence of beam-generated positive ions. The relative lengths of these two beam regions are electrostatically controlled such that beam de-focusing in the upstream region compensates for beam self-focusing in the downstream region. In this fashion, essentially zero external focusing strength is required, and the magnetic focus coil used in the prior art is eliminated. Located downstream from the electron gun, a positive ion electrode ("PIE") determines the position of the boundary between the two regions, and thus the relative length of each region. The PIE is a disk-like electrode, mounted coaxially to the beam optic axis within the drift tube, and coupled to a large positive potential. Varying the PIE potential varies the inter-region boundary position, and thus the relative magnitudes of the beam de-focusing and self-focusing effects. A PIE focus potential is determined by varying the potential while examining the output of electron beam monitors with an oscilloscope. Further, by dynamically varying the PIE potential, the present invention adjusts electron beam focusing, even during a scan. Positive ions are removed from the upstream region by a periodic ion clearing electrode ("PICE") whose high rate of change of axial potential creates alternating axial fields that rapidly sweep away ions.

Abstract translation: 在扫描电子束CT系统中，通过静电控制光束产生的离子的分布来聚焦电子束。 通过不存在或存在光束产生的正离子来区分上游（自扩张，去聚焦）光束区域和下游（会聚，自聚焦）光束区域。 这两个光束区域的相对长度被静电控制，使得上游区域中的光束去聚焦补偿下游区域中的光束自聚焦。 以这种方式，基本上需要外部聚焦强度为零，并且消除了现有技术中使用的磁聚焦线圈。 位于电子枪的下游，正离子电极（“PIE”）确定两个区域之间的边界的位置，从而确定每个区域的相对长度。 PIE是一种盘状电极，与漂移管内的光束轴线同轴安装，并耦合到大的正电位。 改变PIE电位会改变区域间边界位置，从而改变光束去聚焦和自聚焦效应的相对幅度。 通过使用示波器检查电子束监视器的输出，通过改变电位来确定PIE聚焦电位。 此外，通过动态地改变PIE电位，本发明即使在扫描期间也调整电子束聚焦。 通过周期性离子清除电极（“PICE”）从上游区域去除正离子，其高轴向电位变化率产生快速扫除离子的交替轴向场。

公开(公告)号：US5224137A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

申请号：US705575

申请日：1991-05-23

Applicant: Susan E. Plomgren ,  John L. Couch ,  Mark C. Nicely ,  Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Susan E. Plomgren ,  John L. Couch ,  Mark C. Nicely ,  Roy E. Rand

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4028 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/30

Abstract: A scanning electron beam computed tomography scanner is disclosed herein and includes means defining a vacuum chamber, means for producing an electron beam at one location in the chamber and for directing it to a second location therein, a target located at a third position therein of the type which produces X-rays as a result of the impingement thereon by the electron beam, means for focusing the beam onto the target in the form of a beam spot and for scanning the beam spot across the target along a particular scan path in order to produce X-rays, and means for monitoring the profile, position, and orientation of the beam spot at a plurality of locations along the scan path. The specific scanner disclosed also includes an arrangement for determining from the signals produced by the monitoring devices if the beam spot conforms to as desired profile, position, and orientation and automatically adjusting the electron beam such that its profile, position, and orientation conform to desired values.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了扫描电子束计算机断层摄影扫描仪，并且包括限定真空室的装置，用于在腔室中的一个位置处产生电子束并将其引导到其中的第二位置的装置，位于其中的第三位置的靶 作为由于电子束撞击其而产生X射线的类型，用于以束斑的形式将光束聚焦到目标上的装置，并且用于沿着特定扫描路径扫描靶点以跨过目标，以便 产生X射线，以及用于监测沿着扫描路径的多个位置处的束斑的轮廓，位置和取向的装置。 所公开的具体扫描器还包括用于根据监视装置产生的信号来确定束斑是否符合期望的轮廓，位置和取向以及自动调节电子束以使其轮廓，位置和取向符合期望的装置 价值观。

公开(公告)号：US4993055A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-12

申请号：US275780

申请日：1988-11-23

Applicant: Roy E. Rand ,  Douglas P. Boyd ,  Kristian R. Peschmann

Inventor： Roy E. Rand ,  Douglas P. Boyd ,  Kristian R. Peschmann

IPC: H01J35/10 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: H01J35/305 ,  H01J35/106 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J2235/162

Abstract: X-ray tube includes a rotatable envelope in which is mounted an electron gun at one end and a target anode at the other end. A fixed means for deflecting the electron beam from the electron gun is provided to deflect the electron beam on a fixed path as the envelope of the x-ray tube rotates about an axis. The electron beam being confined to a fixed path results in the electron beam striking various positions of the target anode to provide for improved heat dissipation. The electron beam is deflected along the fixed path using magnetic deflection means including magnetic deflection coils positioned external of the envelope to provide a deflection field transverse to the electron beam. The target anode is cooled by directing a cooling fluid on an external side of the target anode.

Abstract translation: X射线管包括可旋转的外壳，其中在一端安装电子枪，另一端安装目标阳极。 提供用于偏转来自电子枪的电子束的固定装置，用于使X射线管的外壳围绕轴旋转，使电子束在固定路径上偏转。 限制在固定路径上的电子束导致电子束撞击目标阳极的各个位置以提供改进的散热。 使用包括位于外壳外部的磁偏转线圈的磁偏转装置使电子束沿固定路径偏转，以提供横向于电子束的偏转场。 通过在目标阳极的外侧引导冷却流体来冷却目标阳极。

公开(公告)号：US4631741A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US597133

申请日：1984-04-05

Applicant: Roy E. Rand ,  John L. Couch

Inventor： Roy E. Rand ,  John L. Couch

IPC: H01J35/00 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H05G1/26 ,  H05G1/52 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H05G1/26

Abstract: A scanning beam computed tomography scanner is disclosed herein and includes means defining a vacuum chamber, means for producing an electron beam at one location in the chamber and for directing it to a second location therein, a target of the type which produces X-rays as a result of the impingement thereon by the electron beam, and means for focusing the beam onto the target in the form of a beam spot and for scanning the beam spot across the target along a particular scan path in order to produce X-rays. The specific scanner disclosed also includes an arrangement for monitoring the profile, position and orientation of the beam spot at a plurality of different points along the scan path.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了扫描光束计算机断层摄影扫描器，并且包括限定真空室的装置，用于在室中的一个位置处产生电子束并将其引导到其中的第二位置的装置，产生X射线的类型的靶 由电子束撞击其的结果，以及用于以束斑形式将光束聚焦到目标上并用于沿特定扫描路径扫描靶点以产生X射线的装置。 所公开的具体扫描仪还包括用于监视沿着扫描路径的多个不同点处的光斑的轮廓，位置和取向的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4521900A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-04

申请号：US434252

申请日：1982-10-14

Applicant: Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Roy E. Rand

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H01J35/04 ,  H05G1/52 ,  H01J35/24

CPC classification number: H01J35/00

Abstract: An electron beam production and control assembly especially suitable for use in producing X-rays in a computed tomography (CT) X-ray scanning system is disclosed herein along with its method of operation. This assembly produces its electron beam within a vacuum-sealed housing chamber which is evacuated of internal gases, except inevitably for small amounts of residual gas. The electron beam is produced by suitable means within the chamber and directed along a path therethrough from the chamber's rearwardmost end to its forwardmost end whereby to impinge on a suitable target for producing the necessary X-rays. Since there is residual gas within the chamber, the electrons of the beam will interact with it and thereby produce positive ions which have the effect of neutralizing the space charge of the electron beam. However, there are a number of different arrangements disclosed herein which form part of the overall assembly for acting on these ions and reducing the neutralizing effect they would otherwise have on the beam.

Abstract translation: 本文中公开了一种特别适合于在计算机断层摄影（CT）X射线扫描系统中生产X射线的电子束产生和控制组件及其操作方法。 该组件在真空密封的容纳室内产生其电子束，该容器室除了少量的残余气体之外不可避免地被内部气体抽真空。 电子束通过合适的装置在室内产生，并且沿着从腔室的最后端到其最前端的通路引导，从而撞击在合适的靶上以产生必需的X射线。 由于在室内存在残留气体，所以光束的电子将与其相互作用，从而产生具有中和电子束空间电荷的正离子。 然而，这里公开了许多不同的布置，其构成了用于作用在这些离子上的整体组件的一部分，并且减小了它们对梁的中和作用。

公开(公告)号：US07872241B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-18

申请号：US12274067

申请日：2008-11-19

Applicant: Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Roy E. Rand

IPC: G21K1/08 ,  H01J3/14 ,  H01J3/26 ,  H01J49/42

CPC classification number: H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J37/026 ,  H01J37/3007 ,  H01J2235/086 ,  H01J2235/20

Abstract: An electron beam production and control assembly includes a vacuum chamber, a beam source, and a target. The target has an active section and an inactive section. The active section is adapted to generate x-rays when the beam impinges on the x-ray producing section. The electron beam production and control assembly also includes a focusing unit positioned along the chamber at a location intermediate the rearward end and the forward end. The focusing unit directs the beam towards the target in a converging manner to impinge on the target. The focusing unit sweeps the beam along a scanning path over the active section of the target. The focusing unit moves the beam to a retrace path on the inactive section of the target between sweeps of the scanning path to maintain ion accumulation in the beam between sweeps over the active section.

Abstract translation: 电子束产生和控制组件包括真空室，束源和靶。 目标具有活动部分和非活动部分。 当激光束照射在x射线产生部分上时，活动部分适于产生X射线。 电子束产生和控制组件还包括聚焦单元，该聚焦单元沿着腔室位于后端和前端的中间位置。 聚焦单元以会聚的方式将光束引向目标以撞击目标。 聚焦单元沿着目标的有效部分上的扫描路径扫描光束。 聚焦单元将光束移动到扫描路径扫描之间的目标的非活动部分上的回扫路径，以在扫描之间的过程中保持离子积聚在有效部分之间。

公开(公告)号：US20100123087A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-20

申请号：US12274067

申请日：2008-11-19

Applicant: Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Roy E. Rand

IPC: H01J3/14

CPC classification number: H01J35/30 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J37/026 ,  H01J37/3007 ,  H01J2235/086 ,  H01J2235/20

Abstract: An electron beam production and control assembly includes a vacuum chamber, a beam source, and a target. The target has an active section and an inactive section. The active section is adapted to generate x-rays when the beam impinges on the x-ray producing section. The electron beam production and control assembly also includes a focusing unit positioned along the chamber at a location intermediate the rearward end and the forward end. The focusing unit directs the beam towards the target in a converging manner to impinge on the target. The focusing unit sweeps the beam along a scanning path over the active section of the target. The focusing unit moves the beam to a retrace path on the inactive section of the target between sweeps of the scanning path to maintain ion accumulation in the beam between sweeps over the active section.

Abstract translation: 电子束产生和控制组件包括真空室，束源和靶。 目标具有活动部分和非活动部分。 当激光束照射在x射线产生部分上时，活动部分适于产生X射线。 电子束产生和控制组件还包括聚焦单元，该聚焦单元沿着腔室位于后端和前端的中间位置处。 聚焦单元以会聚的方式将光束引向目标以撞击目标。 聚焦单元沿着目标的有效部分上的扫描路径扫描光束。 聚焦单元将光束移动到扫描路径扫描之间的目标的非活动部分上的回扫路径，以在扫描之间的过程中保持离子积聚在有效部分之间。

公开(公告)号：US5719914A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-17

申请号：US557969

申请日：1995-11-13

Applicant: Roy E. Rand ,  Khem Garewal ,  Glenn R. James

Inventor： Roy E. Rand ,  Khem Garewal ,  Glenn R. James

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419

Abstract: In a scanning electron beam CT system, spherical aberration of the electron self-forces produces a deleterious halo around the final electron beam spot, causing loss of definition in the image rendered by the system. The spherical aberration is caused by non-uniform electron beam current density, and by non-uniform distribution of positive ions in the transition region of the beam-optical systems. The non-uniform electron beam current density depends upon the axial position of the electron gun cathode, while the transition region ion distribution depends upon the potential coupled to the washer-shaped positive ion electrode ("PIE") used to segregate the upstream and downstream portions of the electron beam. In the present invention, the beam spot halo is minimized (if not eliminated), and image definition is maximized by selecting the electron gun cathode axial position and the PIE potential such that their contributions to spherical aberrations at the final beam spot cancel.

Abstract translation: 在扫描电子束CT系统中，电子自力的球面像差在最终的电子束点周围产生有害的光晕，导致由系统渲染的图像中的清晰度损失。 球面像差是由不均匀的电子束电流密度以及通过光束 - 光学系统的过渡区域中正离子的不均匀分布引起的。 不均匀的电子束电流密度取决于电子枪阴极的轴向位置，而过渡区离子分布取决于耦合到用于隔离上游和下游的垫圈形正离子电极（“PIE”）的电位 部分电子束。 在本发明中，光束光晕最小化（如果不消除），并且通过选择电子枪阴极轴向位置和PIE电位使得图像定义最大化，使得它们对最终光束点处的球面像差的贡献被消除。

公开(公告)号：US5289519A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

申请号：US958939

申请日：1992-10-09

Applicant: Roy E. Rand

Inventor： Roy E. Rand

IPC: H01J35/04 ,  H01J35/06

CPC classification number: H01J35/04

Abstract: An electron beam scanning system producing an electron beam in a relatively short chamber includes an ion controlling electrode assembly located between the electron gun and system beam optics. The assembly includes a somewhat cone-shaped rotating field ion controlling electrode ("RICE") unit disposed between first and second ion controlling electrode units ("ICE"s). The RICE and ICEs each comprise element pairs symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the chamber Z-axis, preferably forming regular polygons in cross-section. Preferably corresponding elements in each ICE are electrically coupled to each other and to an opposite element in the RICE. Preferably equal and opposite bias potentials, with respect to an average potential, are coupled to the RICE and ICE elements comprising an element pair. Because it is somewhat cone-shaped, the RICE and electron beam create a transverse electric field with no axial component. Varying the bias potentials rotates the RICE electric field to controllably remove most but not all positive ions. The remaining ions improve the electron beam space-charge density, resulting in a sharply focused scanning electron beam. The ICE units sweep away positive ions in regions within the overall assembly not otherwise acted upon by fields. A single power source provides multiple potentials via a voltage divider, which potentials are switchably coupled to the RICE and ICE units to provide the required element potentials that may be controllably switched to rotate the resultant electric field in a predictable manner. The complete electrode assembly neither displaces nor deflects the emergent electron beam from the Z-axis.

Abstract translation: 在相对短的室中产生电子束的电子束扫描系统包括位于电子枪和系统光束光学器件之间的离子控制电极组件。 组件包括设置在第一和第二离子控制电极单元（“ICE”）之间的稍微锥形的旋转场离子控制电极（“RICE”）单元。 RICE和ICE各自包括对称地设置在腔室Z轴的相对侧上的元件对，优选地在横截面上形成规则的多边形。 优选地，每个ICE中相应的元件彼此电耦合并且与RICE中的相对元件电耦合。 优选地，相对于平均电位的相等和相反的偏置电位耦合到包括元件对的RICE和ICE元件。 因为它有些锥形，所以RICE和电子束产生没有轴向分量的横向电场。 改变偏置电位使RICE电场旋转可控地去除大部分但不是全部的正离子。 剩余的离子可以改善电子束的空间电荷密度，从而产生清晰的扫描电子束。 ICE单元扫除整个组件内的区域中的正离子，否则不会被场所影响。 单个电源通过分压器提供多个电位，该电位可切换地耦合到RICE和ICE单元，以提供所需的元件电位，其可被可控地切换以以可预测的方式旋转所得到的电场。 完整的电极组件既不使发射电子束从Z轴移位也不偏转。

公开(公告)号：US5105456A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-14

申请号：US649614

申请日：1991-02-01

Applicant: Roy E. Rand ,  Douglas P. Boyd ,  Kristian R. Peschmann

Inventor： Roy E. Rand ,  Douglas P. Boyd ,  Kristian R. Peschmann

IPC: H01J35/10 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/30

CPC classification number: H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/106 ,  H01J35/305 ,  H01J2235/162

Abstract: A rotating x-ray tube includes an electron-beam accelerator assembly having an indirectly heated cathode structure. The cathode structure includes an electron-emitting region mounted at the center of a rotationally symmetric Pierce-cathode configuration. An electron beam travels along a selected path as the tube rotates so that the electron beam strikes selected portions of a target mounted within the tube as it rotates. Two magnetic coils and a ferromagnetic mirror plate are arranged to function as a single quadrupole electromagnet, which has its axis parallel to and offset from the electron beam and which elongates the electron beam in a radial direction.

Abstract translation: 旋转X射线管包括具有间接加热的阴极结构的电子束加速器组件。 阴极结构包括安装在旋转对称的皮尔斯 - 阴极构型中心的电子发射区。 当管旋转时，电子束沿所选择的路径行进，使得当电子束旋转时，电子束撞击安装在管内的靶的选定部分。 两个磁性线圈和铁磁镜板被布置成用作单个四极电磁体，其具有平行于电子束并偏离电子束并且沿径向方向延伸的电子束。