Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a substrate, and a through electrode passing through the substrate. The semiconductor device has a pad region and a through electrode region. A pad covers the pad region, extends into the through electrode region, and delimits an opening in the through electrode region. A through electrode extends through the semiconductor substrate below the hole in the pad in the through region.
Abstract:
A method of operating a memory device includes applying an initial read voltage to a selected wordline to perform a read operation on memory cells connected to the selected wordline, determining whether a read failure occurs with respect to one or more of the memory cells, upon determining that a read failure has occurred with respect to some of the memory cells, determining threshold voltage distribution information for distinct groups of the memory cells, and determining a new read voltage to be applied to the selected wordline based on the threshold voltage distribution information.