摘要:
A method and an apparatus of ultrasonic flaw detection suitable for detecting internal cavern defects of a material, the method involving the mounting on a rotary body of a plural number of skew probes in equidistant positions in the circumferential direction of the rotary body to provide a corresponding number of channels for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic beams in a direction intersecting the axis of rotation of the rotary body at different depths in an inspection zone of a material positioned opposingly to the probes. The rotary body is turned to revolve the probes through 360.degree. about the axis of rotation while transmitting and receiving the ultrasonic pulses. Selected flaw patterns are produced from the peak values of the echoes received at the detection gates of the respective channels in relation with the direction of incidence of the ultrasonic beams. The direction, inclination, size and depth of a detected defect is deciphered by correlation processing of the detected flaw patterns with a number of predetermined reference patterns in order to provide for judging the harmfulness of the detected defect.
摘要:
In the present invention, a toner image produced through a development process of supplying a liquid toner onto an image bearing body bearing an electrostatic latent image is transferred from the image bearing body onto an intermediate transfer body and then transferred from the intermediate transfer body onto a printing medium by use of a backup roller in a transfer-and-fixation zone. The printing medium is preheated to a temperature required for transfer and fixation before the printing medium reaches the transfer-and-fixation zone. No heating means is provided in the transfer-and-fixation zone, and the intermediate transfer body and the backup roller are pressed against each other at a high pressure ranging from 10 kg/cm2 to 60 kg/cm2. Alternatively, the intermediate transfer body is provided with heating means; resin for use in the liquid toner has a softening temperature not higher than withstand temperatures of members other than the intermediate transfer body such as a photosensitive drum; and the intermediate transfer body is heated to a temperature not lower than the softening temperature of the resin and not higher than the withstand temperatures of the other members.
摘要翻译:在本发明中,通过将液体调色剂供给到具有静电潜像的图像承载体上的显影过程产生的调色剂图像从图像承载体转印到中间转印体上,然后从中间转印体转印到 打印介质通过在转印固定区中使用支撑辊。 在打印介质到达转移和固定区之前,将印刷介质预热至转印和固定所需的温度。 在转印固定区不设置加热装置,中间转印体和支承辊在10kg / cm 2至60kg / cm 2的高压下彼此挤压。 或者,中间转印体设置有加热装置; 用于液体调色剂的树脂具有不高于诸如感光鼓的中间转印体之外的构件的耐受温度的软化温度; 将中间转印体加热到不低于树脂的软化温度的温度,并且不高于其它部件的耐受温度。
摘要:
A liquid-development electrophotographic apparatus utilizes a nonvolatile, high-viscosity, high-concentration liquid toner as a liquid developer. A developing section is in contact with photosensitive drums 11-14, on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, so that the liquid developer is supplied onto photosensitive drums 11-14. Toner particles contained in the liquid developer adhere to the photosensitive drums 11-14 according to an electric field established between the developing section and the photosensitive drums 11-14 to form toner images. The toner images are transferred from the photosensitive drums 11-14 to an intermediate transfer section. A transfer-and-fixation section includes a heater to melt-transfer the toner images onto the printing medium. A development section is disposed at a lower portion of the apparatus to prevent smudging of the printing medium and the intermediate transfer section even when the liquid toner spills.
摘要:
A vibrating type transducer wherein an H-shaped vibrator, formed integrally with a silicon substrate and having a hollow chamber provided therearound, is kept self oscillating at its natural resonance frequency together with an amplifier. A physical quantity, such as force, pressure, differential pressure, or the like, which is applied to the silicon substrate is detected by a change in the natural frequency arising at the vibrator corresponding to the physical quantity. The invention also includes a method for manufacturing such transducer using a semiconductor technique, including steps for keeping a vacuum internally in the hollow chamber, imparting an initial tension to the vibrator, and then operating the amplifier to have stable self oscillation.
摘要:
A vibrating type transducer wherein an H-shaped vibrator, formed integrally with a silicon substrate and having a hollow chamber provided therearound, is kept self oscillating at its natural resonance frequency together with an amplifier. A physical quantity, such as force, pressure, differential pressure, or the like, which is applied to the silicon substrate is detected by a change in the natural frequency arising at the vibrator corresponding to the physical quantity. The invention also includes a method for manufacturing such transducer using a semiconductor technique, including steps for keeping a vacuum internally in the hollow chamber, imparting an initial tension to the vibrator, and then operating the amplifier to have stable self oscillation.
摘要:
A vibrating type transducer wherein an H-shaped vibrator, formed integrally with a silicon substrate and having a hollow chamber provided therearound, is kept self oscillating at its natural resonance frequency together with an amplifier. A physical quantity, such as force, pressure, differential pressure, or the like, which is applied to the silicon substrate is detected by a change in the natural frequency arising at the vibrator corresponding to the physical quantity. The invention also includes a method for manufacturing such transducer using a semiconductor technique, including steps for keeping a vacuum internally in the hollow chamber, imparting an initial tension to the vibrator, and then operating the amplifier to have stable self oscillation.