公开(公告)号：US4396721A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-02

申请号：US290253

申请日：1981-08-05

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： C03C10/00 ,  H01G4/12 ,  C03C3/22

CPC分类号： H01G4/1227 ,  C03C10/00 ,  C03C10/0072 ,  H01G4/129

摘要： Glass ceramic materials having controllable temperature coefficients of dielectric constant or capacitance (TCC) are provided. The ceramic component of the composition possesses paraelectric properties at least over the temperature range of -55.degree. C. to 125.degree. C. and can be controllably crystallized from the glassy matrix initially formed. Heat treatment of the glass produces crystallization of the ceramic component and results in glass ceramic materials with controlled TCC values which are useful as capacitors, resonators, microwave substrates, and the like because of their low dielectric loss characteristics and temperature stability.

摘要翻译： 提供具有可控的介电常数或电容温度系数（TCC）的玻璃陶瓷材料。 组合物的陶瓷组分至少在-55℃至125℃的温度范围内具有顺电特性，并且可以从最初形成的玻璃状基质中可控地结晶。 玻璃的热处理产生陶瓷部件的结晶，并导致具有受控TCC值的玻璃陶瓷材料，其由于其低介电损耗特性和温度稳定性而可用作电容器，谐振器，微波基板等。

公开(公告)号：US20090084455A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-02

申请号：US12202788

申请日：2008-09-02

申请人： William N. Lawless ,  Robert W. Arenz

发明人： William N. Lawless ,  Robert W. Arenz

IPC分类号： G05D7/06

CPC分类号： F16K7/12 ,  Y10T137/7788

摘要： An annular elastomer is provided in a housing orifice that does not require a large force for deformation. This makes possible a solenoid-type actuator that provides a large displacement of the elastomer, thus allowing higher and lower rates of gas flow through a gas line.

摘要翻译： 环形弹性体设置在不需要大的变形力的壳体孔中。 这使得能够提供弹性体的大排量的螺线管型致动器，从而允许气体流过气体管线的更高和更低的速率。

公开(公告)号：US5183965A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-02

申请号：US562222

申请日：1990-08-03

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： H01L39/14 ,  H01L39/24

CPC分类号： H01L39/143 ,  Y10S505/704 ,  Y10S505/826 ,  Y10S505/856 ,  Y10S505/884 ,  Y10S505/885 ,  Y10S505/886 ,  Y10S505/887

摘要： An electrical conductor particularly suited for use as a downlead to low temperature devices includes a ceramic honeycomb body having longitudinal channels wherein films of substantially single crystals of a ceramic superconductor are grown. The maximum current carrying capacity of the ceramic superconductor may be oriented parallel to the channels. Square channels arranged in alternating rows of oppositely directed current provide desirable magnetic field cancellations and permit high current flows. A method for making the electrical conductor and a method of extruding the ceramic honeycomb body are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 特别适合用作低温装置的导线的电导体包括具有纵向通道的陶瓷蜂窝体，其中陶瓷超导体的基本单晶的膜生长。 陶瓷超导体的最大载流量可以平行于通道定向。 排列成交替行的相反方向电流的方形通道提供期望的磁场消除并允许高电流流动。 还公开了制造电导体的方法和挤出陶瓷蜂窝体的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4296147A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-20

申请号：US041039

申请日：1979-05-21

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： F25B9/14 ,  F25D3/00 ,  H01B3/12 ,  D02G3/00

CPC分类号： F25D3/00 ,  F25B9/14 ,  H01B3/12 ,  F25B2309/003 ,  F25D2303/085 ,  Y10T428/294 ,  Y10T428/2958 ,  Y10T428/2982

摘要： Thallous halides, either alone or in combination with other ceramic materials, are used in cryogenic applications such as heat exchange material for the regenerator section of a closed-cycle cryogenic refrigeration section, as stabilizing coatings for superconducting wires, and as dielectric insulating materials. The thallous halides possess unusually large specific heats at low temperatures, have large thermal conductivities, are nonmagnetic, and are nonconductors of electricity. They can be formed into a variety of shapes such as spheres, bars, rods, or the like and can be coated onto substrates.

摘要翻译： 单独使用或与其他陶瓷材料组合的铊卤化物用于低温应用，例如用于封闭循环低温制冷部分的再生器部分的热交换材料，用于超导线材的稳定涂层以及作为介电绝缘材料。 铊卤化物在低温下具有异常大的比热，具有很大的热导率，非磁性，并且是不导电的。 它们可以形成为各种形状，例如球体，杆，杆等，并且可以涂覆到基底上。

公开(公告)号：US4231231A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-04

申请号：US029554

申请日：1979-04-13

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： C04B35/42 ,  C04B35/495 ,  F25B9/14 ,  F25D3/00 ,  H01B3/12 ,  C09K5/00 ,  F25B19/00 ,  F28D17/00

CPC分类号： C04B35/495 ,  C04B35/42 ,  F25B9/14 ,  F25D3/00 ,  H01B3/12 ,  F25B2309/003 ,  Y10S505/889 ,  Y10S505/896

摘要： Ceramic material, and cryogenic refrigeration apparatus containing thermal energy absorbing elements made of the ceramic material, which is a dielectric insulator and has values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15.degree. K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure lead at those same temperatures. Material consists essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula selected from: (1) AB.sub.2 O.sub.4 where A is Group 2b metal ions with or without other divalent metal ions and B is Cr ion with or without other trivalent metal ions, (2) AB.sub.2 O.sub.6 where A is Mn and/or Ni ion(s) with or without other divalent metal ions and B is Nb and/or Ta ion(s), and (3) A.sub.2 BCO.sub.6 where A is Pb ion with or without other divalent metal ions, B is Gd or Mn with or without other trivalent metal ions and C is Nb and/or Ta ion(s). Elements include regenerator packings, thermal dampers and dielectric insulation.

摘要翻译： 陶瓷材料和低温制冷装置，其包含由陶瓷材料制成的热能吸收元件，陶瓷材料是介电绝缘体，并且在低于15°K的选定温度下具有大于或至少等于特定值的值的比热值 纯铅在同一温度下的热量。 材料基本上由结晶相组成，其组成由选自以下的摩尔数式所定义：（1）AB 2 O 4，其中A是具有或不具有其它二价金属离子的第2b族金属离子，B是具有或不具有其它三价金属离子的Cr离子（ 2）AB2O6，其中A是具有或不具有其它二价金属离子的Mn和/或Ni离子，B是Nb和/或Ta离子，和（3）A2BCO6，其中A是具有或不具有其它二价的Pb离子 金属离子，B是具有或不具有其它三价金属离子的Gd或Mn，C是Nb和/或Ta离子。 元素包括再生器填料，热阻尼器和介电绝缘。

公开(公告)号：US06592731B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09662773

申请日：2000-09-15

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： G01N27407

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071

摘要： A low cost amperometric oxygen sensor which utilizes a plurality of oxygen ion conductor layers interposed between a plurality of oxygen-porous electrode layers is provided. Oxygen from a sample gas enters the sensor at porous cathode electrodes, is pumped through the ion conductor layers, and exits through the anode electrodes. The amperometric current generated is representative of the partial pressure of oxygen in the sample gas. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an amperometric oxygen sensor is provided for determining the oxygen partial pressure of a gas. The sensor comprises a sensor body defined by a plurality of oxygen-porous electrode layers and at least one oxygen ion conductor layer. The plurality of oxygen-porous electrode layers include at least one cathode layer and at least one anode layer. Each of the cathode layers define first and second major cathode surfaces and each of the anode layers defining first and second major anode surfaces. The oxygen ion conductor layer is interposed between the first major cathode surface and the first major anode surface. The cathode layer defines an unexposed second major cathode surface and a cathode end portion exposed along a first edge of the sensor body. The anode layer defines an unexposed second major anode surface and an anode end portion exposed along a second edge of the sensor body. The amperometric oxygen sensor further comprises a voltage source having a first pole connected to the cathode layer and a second pole connected to the anode layer, and a current meter connected to measure an amperometric current flowing through the at least one ion conductor layer.

摘要翻译： 提供一种低成本的安培计氧传感器，其利用插入在多个氧气孔电极层之间的多个氧离子导体层。 来自样品气体的氧气在多孔阴极电极进入传感器，被泵送通过离子导体层，并通过阳极电极离开。 所产生的电流电流代表样品气体中的氧分压。 根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了用于确定气体的氧分压的电流式氧传感器。 传感器包括由多个氧气电极层和至少一个氧离子导体层限定的传感器体。 多个氧多孔电极层包括至少一个阴极层和至少一个阳极层。 每个阴极层限定第一和第二主阴极表面，并且每个阳极层限定第一和第二主阳极表面。 氧离子导体层介于第一主阴极表面和第一主阳极表面之间。 阴极层限定未暴露的第二主阴极表面和沿传感器主体的第一边缘露出的阴极端部。 阳极层限定未暴露的第二主阳极表面和沿传感器主体的第二边缘暴露的阳极端部。 电流式氧传感器还包括电压源，其具有连接到阴极层的第一极和连接到阳极层的第二极，以及电流计，其连接以测量流过至少一个离子导体层的电流电流。

公开(公告)号：US06290757B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

申请号：US09533334

申请日：2000-03-23

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： B03C368

CPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D53/326 ,  B01D63/066 ,  B01D2313/22 ,  B03C3/66 ,  C01B21/0438 ,  C01B2210/0045 ,  Y10S55/38

摘要： A ceramic honeycomb nitrogen purification device is provided including a source gas, a set of gaseous nitrogen passages, a set of oxygen disposal passages, an electroded oxygen conducting ceramic membrane, an electrical power source, an oxygen sensor, and nitrogen purification control circuitry. The source gas includes gaseous nitrogen. The set of gaseous nitrogen passages defines respective source nitrogen input openings and purified nitrogen output openings. The set of oxygen disposal passages defines disposed oxygen output openings, wherein a plurality of the gaseous nitrogen passages are exclusively dedicated to individual ones of the oxygen disposal passages. The electroded oxygen conducting ceramic membrane includes a ceramic body defining the set of gaseous nitrogen passages and the set of oxygen disposal passages in the form of first and second sets of substantially parallel passages and including a plurality of electrode surfaces disposed in the gaseous nitrogen passages and the oxygen disposal passages, the oxygen disposal passages being separated from respective ones of the set of gaseous nitrogen passages by the electroded surfaces of the oxygen conducting ceramic membrane. The electrical power source is coupled to the electroded oxygen conducting ceramic membrane and arranged such that the electroded surfaces comprise cathodes in the gaseous nitrogen passages and anodes in the oxygen disposal passages. The oxygen sensor is in fluid communication with the purified nitrogen output openings. The nitrogen purification control circuitry is arranged to optimize current and voltage generated by the power source by switching from a current control mode to a voltage control mode when the oxygen sensor signal indicates a decrease in oxygen content of gas passing through the purified nitrogen output openings below a predetermined level.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种陶瓷蜂窝状氮气净化装置，其包括源气体，一组气态氮气通道，一组氧气处理通道，电导氧导电陶瓷膜，电源，氧传感器和氮气净化控制电路。 源气体包括气态氮。 一组气态氮通道限定了相应的氮源输入开口和净化的氮气输出开口。 一组氧气排放通道限定了设置的氧气输出开口，其中多个气态氮气通道仅专用于氧气排放通道中的各个。 电导氧陶瓷膜包括限定一组气态氮通道的陶瓷体和以第一组和第二组基本上平行的通道的形式的一组氧排放通道，并且包括设置在气态氮通道中的多个电极表面， 氧气处理通道，氧气处理通道由导电陶瓷膜的电镀表面与各组气态氮通道分离。 电源耦合到电导氧陶瓷膜并且布置成使得电沉积的表面包括气态氮通道中的阴极和氧气处理通道中的阳极。 氧传感器与净化的氮气输出口流体连通。 氮气净化控制电路被布置成当氧传感器信号表示通过下面的纯化氮输出口的气体的氧含量降低时，通过从电流控制模式切换到电压控制模式来优化由电源产生的电流和电压 一个预定的水平。

公开(公告)号：US5961929A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-05

申请号：US926366

申请日：1997-09-09

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： B01D53/32 ,  B01J7/00 ,  B01J19/08 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/326 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J19/2485 ,  B01J7/00 ,  C01B13/0251 ,  B01J2219/0809 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  C01B2210/0046

摘要： The present invention includes an oxygen generator having a ceramic honeycomb body. The honeycomb body includes one or more oxygen collection channels which extend laterally across a plurality of second channels in which oxygen is generated via the conduction of oxygen ions from a source gas residing in or passing through a plurality of first channels. The oxygen collection channels are located either positionally along a face of the generator, on one longitudinal end of the generator or are staggered about the side face such that the oxygen collection channels do not substantially impact the structural integrity of the honeycomb body. In addition, a method in which a honeycomb body having oxygen collection channels at its face includes extruding a ceramic body and forming one or more channels at a face of the extruded body. The method further includes forming electrodes within the body and sealing selected channels for the collection of oxygen.

摘要翻译： 本发明包括具有陶瓷蜂窝体的氧气发生器。 蜂窝体包括一个或多个氧气收集通道，其横向延伸穿过多个第二通道，其中通过氧离子从位于或经过多个第一通道的源气体传导而产生氧气。 氧气收集通道位于发生器的表面上，位于发生器的一个纵向端部上，或者围绕侧面交错排列，使得氧气收集通道基本上不影响蜂窝体的结构完整性。 此外，在其表面具有氧气收集通道的蜂窝体的方法包括挤出陶瓷体并在挤压体的表面形成一个或多个通道。 该方法还包括在体内形成电极并密封用于收集氧的所选通道。

公开(公告)号：US5212013A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

申请号：US205029

申请日：1988-06-09

申请人： Tapan K. Gupta ,  George J. Bich ,  William N. Lawless

发明人： Tapan K. Gupta ,  George J. Bich ,  William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： C03C14/00 ,  H01B3/08 ,  H01B3/10 ,  H01L39/24

CPC分类号： C03C14/004 ,  H01B3/082 ,  H01B3/085 ,  H01B3/087 ,  H01B3/105 ,  H01L39/2409 ,  C03C2214/04 ,  C03C2214/10 ,  Y10T428/2944 ,  Y10T428/2949

摘要： The need for high current, high field, low loss, stable superconductors has led to the development of multifilamentary Nb.sub.3 Sn as the most promising candidate for use in superconducting machines. However, the brittle nature of Nb.sub.3 Sn and the high reaction temperature (.about.700.degree. C.) required to form it preclude the use of standard organic insulation systems. A recently developed class of high temperature dielectric materials which are characterized by unusually large specific heats and thermal conductivities at cryogenic temperatures offers the opportunity of providing increased enthalpy stabilization in a superconducting winding, as well as the required dielectric strength. The inorganic insulation system consists of a composite glass and ceramic powder vitrified at a temperature which coincides with the superconducting formation temperature of 600.degree.-800.degree. C. The glass and the ceramic is chosen in such a way that the vitrification temperature of the composite coincides with the reaction temperature of 600.degree.-800.degree. C. The most successful glasses meeting this criterion are two Westinghouse glasses designated A-508 and M3072. Suitable ceramic fillers are Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the Ceram Physics, Inc. ceramics SClC and SClA. Organic binders and solvents are used. Cladding with, e.g., nickel is preferable for the copper layer of Nb.sub.3 Sn wire.

摘要翻译： 对高电流，高场，低损耗，稳定的超导体的需求导致了多晶Nb3Sn作为超导机器中最有希望的候选者的发展。 然而，Nb3Sn的脆性和形成它所需的高反应温度（DIFFERENCE 700℃）排除了使用标准的有机绝缘体系。 最近开发的一类高温介电材料的特征在于在低温下具有非常大的比热和热导率，提供了在超导绕组中提供增加的焓稳定性以及所需的介电强度的机会。 无机绝缘体系由复合玻璃和陶瓷粉末组成，其温度与600-800℃的超导体形成温度一致。玻璃和陶瓷的选择使得复合材料的玻璃化温度与 反应温度为600°-800°C。符合这一标准的最成功的眼镜是两个名为A-508和M3072的西屋眼镜。 合适的陶瓷填料是Al2O3和Ceram Physics，Inc。陶瓷SClC和SClA。 使用有机粘合剂和溶剂。 对于Nb 3 Sn线的铜层，优选用例如镍的包层。

公开(公告)号：US4547277A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-15

申请号：US628381

申请日：1984-07-12

申请人： William N. Lawless

发明人： William N. Lawless

IPC分类号： C25B13/04 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/4073 ,  H01M8/1231 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Oxygen ion conducting ceramic materials are disclosed, represented by the formulasNi(Nb.sub.1-x M.sub.x).sub.2 O.sub.6-x and Ni.sub.2 (Nb.sub.1-x M.sub.x).sub.2 O.sub.7-x,wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Zr.sup.+4, Ti.sup.+4, Sn.sup.+4, Sm.sup.+4, Hf.sup.+4 and Ce.sup.+4 and x is a value from 0 to 0.2. These materials, along with Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 in solid solution with Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, may be used in an oxygen separator for removing oxygen from a first gas to a second gas or vacuum. The oxygen separator includes at least one layer of the ceramic material with layers of a porous metallic conductor arranged on either side to form a body. An electrode connects one layer, and a second electrode connects the opposite metallic layer. A voltage signal is applied across the electrodes, whereupon oxygen ions diffuse through the ceramic layer.

摘要翻译： 公开了氧离子传导陶瓷材料，其由式Ni（Nb1-xMx）2O6-x和Ni2（Nb1-xMx）2O7-x表示，其中M选自Zr + 4，Ti + 4，Sn + 4，Sm + 4，Hf + 4和Ce + 4，x为0〜0.2的值。 这些材料与Bi 2 O 3与Y 2 O 3或Nb 2 O 5的固溶体一起可用于氧分离器中以将氧从第一气体除去至第二气体或真空。 氧分离器包括陶瓷材料的至少一层，其中布置在任一侧的多孔金属导体的层以形成主体。 电极连接一层，第二电极连接相对的金属层。 电压信号施加在电极两端，氧离子扩散通过陶瓷层。