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公开(公告)号：US4831365A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US153300
申请日：1988-02-05
IPC分类号： G05B19/4065
CPC分类号： G05B19/4065 , B23Q17/0952 , B23Q17/0961
摘要： Sharp tools have different cutting characteristics from dull or worn tools. Among these differences is that a wear land develops on the cutting tool so that more of the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece during the cutting process. The increased contact area between the tool and workpiece forces more energy to be consumed by the cutting machine in making a cut because more energy is expended in non-productive work. Indications of an increase in non-productive work are the increased power or force necessary to operate a spindle in lathes, milling machines, etc., and the increased energy in cutting vibrations in a low frequency range emitted during the cutting process. Another indication of decreased efficiency of the cutting process is the decreased energy in cutting vibrations in a high frequency range emitted during the cutting process. A method and apparatus are described for continuously monitoring a ratio of spindle force or power or low frequency vibration energy to high frequency vibration energy during the cutting process, and generating an output warning signal when the radio reaches a preselected level correlated with excessive tool wear.
摘要翻译： 锋利的工具具有不同的切割特性，从钝或磨损的工具。 这些差异在于，在切割工具上形成磨损区域，使得更多的切削工具在切割过程中与工件接触。 刀具和工件之间的增加的接触面积在切割机中产生更多的能量消耗，因为在非生产性工作中消耗更多的能量。 增加非生产性工作的迹象是在车床，铣床等中操作主轴所需的力量或力量的增加，以及在切割过程中发射的低频范围内切割振动的能量增加。 切割过程效率降低的另一个指示是在切割过程中发射的高频范围内的切割振动中的能量减少。 描述了一种用于在切割过程中连续监测主轴力或功率或低频振动能量与高频振动能量的比率的方法和装置，并且当无线电达到与过度的工具磨损相关的预选级别时，产生输出警告信号。
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12.发明授权Vibration-sensing tool break and touch detector optimized for machining conditions 失效针对加工条件优化的振动检测工具断裂和触摸检测器
公开(公告)号：US4724524A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-09
申请号：US744083
申请日：1985-06-12
IPC分类号： B23Q17/09 , G05B19/4065 , G06F15/46 , G08B23/00
CPC分类号： G05B19/4065 , B23Q17/0971 , G05B2219/37351
摘要： A Machine Tool Monitor detects significant cutting tool breakage and the first contact of an advancing tool to a workpiece, and does this by monitoring vibration signals produced by the machining of parts and interpreting patterns in these signals. Information from the part program improves the performance of the detector and optimizes it for the cutting conditions called for by the machine tool control. The analog channel gain of the monitor is adjusted and parameters controlling the digital pattern recognition logic are selected using part program information on machining parameters. The tool touch or tool break detection mode is selected by the part program.
摘要翻译： 机床监视器检测到显着的切割刀具断裂和前进工具对工件的第一次接触，并通过监视由零件的加工产生的振动信号和这些信号中的解释模式来实现。 来自零件程序的信息提高了检测器的性能，并优化了机床控制所要求的切割条件。 调整监视器的模拟通道增益，并使用加工参数的零件程序信息来选择控制数字模式识别逻辑的参数。 通过零件程序选择工具触摸或刀具断点检测模式。
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公开(公告)号：US4642617A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-10
申请号：US685005
申请日：1984-12-21
IPC分类号： B23Q17/09 , G01H1/00 , G05B19/4065 , G08B21/00
CPC分类号： G05B19/4065 , B23Q17/0971 , B23Q17/098 , G01H1/00
摘要： Substantial cutting condition changes that occur gradually, as opposed to the more usual sudden large change, are detected by setting upper and lower cutting noise mean level thresholds. When the mean cutting noise exceeds the upper threshold or stays below the lower threshold for a preset number of signal samples, a tool break alarm is generated. Techniques are given to reduce false alarms at the start and end of the cut and on runout on initial rough surface cuts. The system comprises an accelerometer or other sensor whose signal is preprocessed to attenuate lower frequency machinery noise and detect the signal energy in a band below 100 KHz, then sampled, and the digitized signal samples analyzed by pattern recognition logic.
摘要翻译： 通过设置上下切割噪声平均水平阈值来检测到与逐渐变大的突然变化相反的逐渐发生的重大切割条件变化。 当平均切割噪声超过上限阈值或者对于预设数量的信号样本保持低于下限阈值时，产生刀具断裂报警。 给出了减少开始和结束时以及在初始粗糙表面切割时的跳动上的假警报的技术。 该系统包括加速度计或其他传感器，其信号被预处理以衰减较低频率的机械噪声并检测低于100KHz的频带中的信号能量，然后采样，并且通过模式识别逻辑分析数字化信号样本。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4636780A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US664188
申请日：1984-10-24
IPC分类号： B23Q17/09 , B23B47/24 , G05B19/4065 , G08B21/00
CPC分类号： G05B19/4065 , B23Q17/0971 , B23Q17/098 , G05B2219/37432 , G05B2219/37525
摘要： This tool break detection system relies on monitoring changes in the cutting noise itself, rather than detecting the tool fracture acoustic signal. A broken tool capable of damaging the workpiece is detected, and tool break events that do not affect cutting conditions are ignored. The signal from a sensor such as an accelerometer is preprocessed to attenuate low frequency machinery noise and detect the signal energy in a band below 100 KHz, then sampled, and the digitized signal samples analyzed by pattern recognition logic. Runout false alarms during rough surface cutting are prevented; after detection of an abrupt increase or decrease in signal level, the confirmation period to test for a persistent shift in mean level is set longer than the workpiece revolution period.
摘要翻译： 该断屑检测系统依赖于监测切割噪声本身的变化，而不是检测工具断裂声信号。 检测到能够损坏工件的破损刀具，忽略不影响切削条件的刀具断裂事件。 来自诸如加速度计的传感器的信号被预处理以衰减低频机械噪声并检测低于100KHz的频带中的信号能量，然后采样，并且通过模式识别逻辑分析数字化信号样本。 防止粗糙表面切割过程中的跳动误报; 在检测到信号电平的突然增加或减小之后，将平均电平的持续移位测试的确认期间设定为比工件转动周期长。
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公开(公告)号：US4636779A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US664189
申请日：1984-10-24
IPC分类号： B23Q17/09 , G05B19/4065 , G08B21/00
CPC分类号： B23Q17/0957 , B23Q17/0971 , B23Q17/098 , G05B19/4065 , G05B2219/37351
摘要： A system and method for monitoring vibrations of a cutting tool produced by tool break events, and for interpreting them to detect tool breaks of sufficient magnitude to endanger the machined part. The signal generated by a sensor such as an accelerometer is preprocessed to attenuate low frequency machining noise and detect the energy in a higher frequency band, then sampled, and the digitized signal samples analyzed by tool break detection logic. This logic is triggered by a positive-going signal transient, and prevents false alarms on minor tool break events that do not mar the workpiece and on noise from other sources.
摘要翻译： 一种用于监测通过工具断裂事件产生的切削工具的振动的系统和方法，并且用于解释它们以检测足够大的刀具断裂以危及加工零件。 由诸如加速度计的传感器产生的信号被预处理以衰减低频加工噪声并且检测更高频带中的能量，然后进行采样，并且通过刀具断裂检测逻辑分析数字化信号样本。 该逻辑由正向信号瞬态触发，并且防止不损坏工件和来自其他源的噪声的次要工具断裂事件的虚假警报。
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公开(公告)号：US4631683A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US645203
申请日：1984-08-29
IPC分类号： B23Q17/22 , G05B19/4065 , G06F15/46 , G01M7/00 , G01N24/04
CPC分类号： G05B19/4065 , G05B2219/37351
摘要： A system and method for monitoring vibrations of a machine tool metal-cutting tool insert and interpreting them to promptly detect the initial touch to the workpiece and signal the tool to stop advancing before marring the surface. The signal generated by a sensor such as an accelerometer is preprocessed to eliminate lower frequency machine noise and detect the energy in a higher frequency band, then sampled and analyzed by digital circuitry. In order to avoid false alarms on high amplitude spiky noise pulses generated by traverse operation of the machine tool, the tool touch alarm is delayed longer than the maximum duration of the noise pulses. Two techniques are given to ignore the noise spikes while still detecting the tool touch signal.
摘要翻译： 一种用于监测机床金属切削刀具插入件的振动的系统和方法，并且解释它们以及时检测对工件的初始触摸并且在损坏表面之前发出信号以停止前进。 由诸如加速度计的传感器产生的信号被预处理以消除较低频率的机器噪声并且检测较高频带中的能量，然后由数字电路采样和分析。 为了避免由机床的横动操作产生的高振幅尖峰噪声脉冲的误报，工具触摸报警延迟时间比噪声脉冲的最大持续时间长。 给出两种技术来忽略噪声尖峰，同时仍然检测到工具触摸信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4411566A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-25
申请号：US222786
申请日：1981-01-05
CPC分类号： B23P15/30 , C23C26/00 , C23C30/005 , Y10T407/27 , Y10T428/12583
摘要： A self-lubricating cemented carbide cutting tool of special utility in titanium machining having a copper coating bearing a film of copper iodide is provided by coating the tool with a layer of copper, heating to bond the copper to the cemented carbide and thereafter reacting the copper with iodine to form the film of desired thickness.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于钛加工的特殊用途的自润滑硬质合金切削工具，其具有带有碘化铜膜的铜涂层，通过用铜层涂覆工具，加热以将铜结合到硬质合金，然后使铜 用碘形成所需厚度的膜。
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18.发明授权Composite of bonded cubic boron nitride crystals on a silicon carbide substrate 失效在碳化硅衬底上复合结合的立方氮化硼晶体
公开(公告)号：US4110084A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-29
申请号：US787858
申请日：1977-04-15
申请人： Minyoung Lee , Lawrence E. Szala
发明人： Minyoung Lee , Lawrence E. Szala
IPC分类号： B22F7/06 , B24D3/08 , E21B10/56 , E21B10/567 , B24D3/06
CPC分类号： E21B10/567 , B22F7/06 , B24D3/08 , B22F2999/00
摘要： A mass of cubic boron nitride(CBN) crystals, aluminum or aluminum alloy and a silicon carbide ceramic substrate are disposed in a container which is placed within a pressure-transmitting powder medium. Pressure ranging from about 20,000 psi to about 200,000 psi is applied to the powder medium resulting in substantially isostatic pressure being applied to the container and its contents. To the resulting shaped substantially-isostatic system of powder-enveloped container, heat and pressure are applied simultaneously whereby the aluminum or aluminum alloy is liquefied and infiltrated through the interstices between the CBN crystals and diffused into the contacting face of the silicon carbide substrate sufficiently to produce, upon cooling, an adherently bonded integral composite.
摘要翻译： 立方氮化硼（CBN）晶体，铝或铝合金和碳化硅陶瓷衬底的质量被放置在放置在压力传递粉末介质内的容器中。 对粉末介质施加约20,000psi至约200,000psi的压力，导致将基本上等压的压力施加到容器及其内容物上。 对于所形成的粉末包裹容器的基本均匀的系统，同时施加热和压力，由此铝或铝合金液化并渗透通过CBN晶体之间的间隙并且充分扩散到碳化硅衬底的接触面中，足以 在冷却时产生粘附的整体复合材料。
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公开(公告)号：US6157286A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US286063
申请日：1999-04-05
IPC分类号： H01H85/06 , H01H85/36 , H01H85/38 , H01H85/46 , H01H37/76 , H01C7/10 , H01H39/00 , H01H85/042
CPC分类号： H01H85/46 , H01H2085/381 , H01H85/06 , H01H85/36 , H01H85/38
摘要： A high voltage, current limiting device is connected in series with a high voltage power source and a protected load to interrupt current for an over-current condition [Typically 50 kA]. The current limiting device includes a current sensor/isolator and a switch connected in series. A current limiter, which may include a fuse or polymer current limiting material, is connected in parallel to the current sensor/isolator. The current sensor/isolator includes a pair of electrically insulated supports secured to a plurality of support rods to maintain the insulated supports at a predetermined fixed spacing to support an expulsion fuse. The expulsion fuse link includes a pair of copper conductors of adequate current carrying capability that are attached to ends of a main weak link fuse. A pair of coil springs hold the weak link fuse under tension to repel the conductors apart when the weak link fuse melts open during an over-current condition. An electrically insulating flapper pivotally connected at one end of a support rod provides a barrier between the source side and the load side of the current sensor/isolator when the main weak fuse melts open. One embodiment of the current limiter may include a high voltage polymer current limiting (PCL) device having a conductor-filled polymer composite material disposed between a pair of electrodes. The electrodes are forced inwardly by a pair of opposing springs to compress the composite material. The composite material, electrodes and springs are surrounded by pure silica, e.g., sand, within an enclosure.
摘要翻译： 高压限流装置与高电压电源和受保护的负载串联连接以中断过电流状态的电流[通常为50 kA]。 限流装置包括电流传感器/隔离器和串联连接的开关。 可以包括保险丝或聚合物限流材料的限流器并联连接到电流传感器/隔离器。 电流传感器/隔离器包括固定到多个支撑杆的一对电绝缘支撑件，以将绝缘支撑件保持在预定的固定间隔以支撑排出保险丝。 排出熔断体包括一对具有足够载流能力的铜导体，其连接到主弱连接熔断器的端部。 一对螺旋弹簧在弱电连接保险丝在过电流状态下熔断时，将弱连接保险丝固定在张力下，以将导线分开。 当主弱熔丝熔化开启时，在支撑杆的一端枢转地连接的电绝缘挡板在电流传感器/隔离器的源侧和负载侧之间提供阻挡层。 电流限制器的一个实施例可以包括具有设置在一对电极之间的导体填充的聚合物复合材料的高电压聚合物电流限制（PCL）器件。 电极被一对相对的弹簧向内压迫以压缩复合材料。 复合材料，电极和弹簧在外壳内由纯二氧化硅（例如砂）包围。
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公开(公告)号：US6133820A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US133159
申请日：1998-08-12
摘要： An exemplary current limiting device comprises first and second electrodes; a composite material between the first and second electrodes, the composite material comprising: (a) a binder, and (b) an electrically conductive filler; a thin layer which provides an inhomogeneous distribution of resistance to the device; a web which reinforces the composite material; and a pressurizer for pressing the electrodes against the composite material; wherein the web is disposed in a volume of the composite material which does not include the thin layer. The current limiting device is simple and reusable, and can be tailored to a plurality of applications, including high voltage/current distribution systems, to protect sensitive components from high fault currents. The device has a robust structure which allows it to repeatedly withstand the high mechanical and thermal stresses which typically accompany switching events in high voltage/current circuits. The robust structure improves the lifetime of the device and provides impact resistance to the device. The device operates without relying on the PTCR effect to limit current.
摘要翻译： 示例性的限流装置包括第一和第二电极; 在第一和第二电极之间的复合材料，所述复合材料包括：（a）粘合剂，和（b）导电填料; 提供对器件的电阻的不均匀分布的薄层; 加强复合材料的网; 以及用于将电极压在复合材料上的加压器; 其中所述纤维网设置在不包括所述薄层的所述复合材料的体积中。 限流装置简单且可重复使用，可以针对多个应用（包括高压/电流分配系统）进行调整，以保护敏感元件免受高故障电流的影响。 该器件具有坚固的结构，允许其反复承受通常伴随高压/电流电路中的开关事件的高机械和热应力。 坚固的结构提高了器件的使用寿命并提供了对器件的抗冲击性。 该设备运行时不依赖于PTCR效应来限制电流。
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