公开(公告)号：US08173894B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US11676195

申请日：2007-02-16

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  H01L27/15 ,  H01L29/47 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01M14/00 ,  H01M14/005 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/0421 ,  H01S5/14

Abstract: A method and a device for converting energy uses chemical reactions in close proximity to or on a surface to convert a substantial fraction of the available chemical energy of the shorter lived energized products, such as vibrationally excited chemicals and hot electrons, directly into a useful form, such as longer lived charge carriers in a semiconductor. The carriers store the excitation energy in a form that may be converted into other useful forms, such as electricity, nearly monochromatic electromagnetic radiation or carriers for stimulating other surface reactions.

Abstract translation: 用于转换能量的方法和装置使用靠近表面或在表面上的化学反应，以将较短寿命通电产物（例如振动激发的化学物质和热电子）的可用化学能的大部分转化成有用的形式 ，例如半导体中较长寿命的载流子。 载体以可转化为其他有用形式的形式存储激发能，例如电，近似单色的电磁辐射或用于刺激其它表面反应的载体。

公开(公告)号：US08829325B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13397618

申请日：2012-02-15

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30 ,  H02N11/00 ,  H01L29/66

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US07119272B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-10

申请号：US10625801

申请日：2003-07-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  B01J19/08

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  F02M27/00 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02N11/002 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extracting energy is provided. In one aspect the method includes using chemical reactions to generate vibrationally excited molecules, such as high-quantum-number-vibrationally-excited gas molecules in a region. The vibration energy in the vibrationally excited molecules is converted into hot electrons when the excited molecules contact a conductor. A geometry is provided so that the excited molecules may travel, diffuse or wander into a conductor before loosing a useful fraction of the vibrational energy. Optionally, the generating and the converting process may be thermally separated, at least in part. The short lived hot electrons are converted into longer lived entities such as carriers and potentials in a semiconductor, where the energy is converted into a useful form.

公开(公告)号：US20050286601A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-29

申请号：US11084425

申请日：2005-03-18

Applicant: Anthony Zuppero ,  Jawahar Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony Zuppero ,  Jawahar Gidwani

IPC: B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H01S3/0953 ,  H01S3/22 ,  H01S3/223 ,  H02N6/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/22 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/40 ,  C01B3/386 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H01S3/0953 ,  H01S3/223 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: An energy converter reacts hydrocarbons and air on a catalyst configuration to produce a population inversion. A photovoltaic system may extract the radiating energy, and a laser system may extract a significant fraction of the reaction energy in the form of coherent radiation. The flooding of the catalyst adsorption sites with fuel and the choice of catalyst predisposes the adsorbing oxygen molecules to create mono-atomic oxygen hot-atoms, which deposit the considerable energy of oxygen adsorption directly into a reaction channel of adjacent, adsorbed and simple fuel radicals, thereby producing simple, energetic product molecules, concentrating the energy in one or a few modes, and strongly favoring inverted populations. A solid state method to stimulate precursor chemisorbed specie dissociation accelerates the reaction rates, providing a method to greatly intensify pulsed power output, increase efficiency, and to facilitate nano-scale and micro-scale thermal energy heat rejection processes.

公开(公告)号：US06114620A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-05

申请号：US304979

申请日：1999-05-04

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: B01J19/12 ,  B01J19/10 ,  F04F7/00 ,  F15B21/00 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L31/00 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H02N6/00 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02S99/00 ,  H02N2/18 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: The use of newly discovered chemical reaction products, created when reactants combine to form products on the surface of a catalyst, to generate electricity, beams of radiation or mechanical motion. The invention also provides methods to convert the products into electricity or motion. The electric generator consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate consisting of a semiconductor diode, and a semiconductor diode on the surface of the substrate near the catalyst. The device to generate mechanical motion consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate, and a hydraulic fluid in contact with the non-reaction side of the substrate, with the surfaces of both the catalyst and substrate mechanically formed to enhance the unidirectional forces on the fluid. Both devices use a fuel-oxidizer mixture brought in contact with the catalyst. The apparatus converts a substantial fraction of the reaction product energy into useful work during the brief interval before such products equilibrate with their surroundings.