公开(公告)号：US20140331993A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-13

申请号：US14270839

申请日：2014-05-06

Applicant: OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION ,  TYTON BIOSCIENCES

Inventor： Sandeep KUMAR ,  Jose Luis Garcia MOSCOSO ,  Iulian BOBE ,  Peter MAJERANOWSKI

IPC: C13K1/02 ,  C07D401/04

CPC classification number: C13K1/04 ,  A24B7/00 ,  A24B15/24 ,  A24B15/243 ,  C07D401/04 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C11B1/10 ,  C13K1/02

Abstract: Processes for recovering sugars and nicotine from a tobacco biomass include feeding a biomass of tobacco plants and subcritical water to a reactor, hydrolyzing the biomass of tobacco plants with the subcritical water at a temperature between about 150° C. and 305° C. and recovering a liquid product and a solid product from the reactor, wherein the liquid product contains water-soluble sugars and nicotine.

Abstract translation: 从烟草生物质回收糖和尼古丁的方法包括将烟草植物和亚临界水的生物质进料到反应器中，在约150℃至305℃的温度下用亚临界水水解烟草植物的生物量并回收 液体产物和来自反应器的固体产物，其中液体产物含有水溶性糖和尼古丁。

公开(公告)号：US08450370B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-28

申请号：US13204884

申请日：2011-08-08

Applicant: Patrick G. Hatcher ,  Zhanfei Liu ,  Elodie Salmon

Inventor： Patrick G. Hatcher ,  Zhanfei Liu ,  Elodie Salmon

IPC: A61K31/20

CPC classification number: C10L1/026 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/4081 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for producing glycerol related products. One process comprises introducing a biomass and an alkylation reagent to a substantially oxygen free environment, hydrolyzing at a temperature at or above 200° C. one or more lipid glycerides in the biomass, methylating one or more fatty acids in the biomass with methyl groups from the alkylation reagent, wherein the hydrolyzing and methylating occur contemporaneously and separating resulting biodiesel and methylated glycerol-related products from a residue of the biomass by condensation.

Abstract translation: 公开了生产甘油相关产品的方法。 一种方法包括将生物质和烷基化试剂引入基本上不含氧的环境中，在等温或高于200℃的温度下水解生物质中的一种或多种脂质甘油酯，将生物质中的一种或多种脂肪酸甲基化， 烷基化试剂，其中水解和甲基化同时发生，并通过冷凝从生物质的残余物分离所得生物柴油和甲基化甘油相关产物。

公开(公告)号：US20120154397A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US13311335

申请日：2011-12-05

Applicant: Andrey Chernikov ,  Nikos Chrisochoides

Inventor： Andrey Chernikov ,  Nikos Chrisochoides

IPC: G06T17/20

CPC classification number: G06T17/205

Abstract: A method for generating mesh from an image. The method includes inputting an image; setting a quality bound and a fidelity bound for a mesh to be generated; generating an initial mesh for the image with a maximum fidelity and a very high quality; generating a refined mesh by coarsening the initial mesh while maintaining the quality bound and the fidelity bound. The refined mesh includes a smaller number of elements than that of the initial mesh.

Abstract translation: 一种从图像生成网格的方法。 该方法包括输入图像; 为要生成的网格设置质量界限和保真度界限; 以最大的保真度和非常高的质量为图像生成初始网格; 通过粗化初始网格同时保持质量界限和保真度界限来生成精细网格。 细化网格包含比初始网格元素少的元素。

公开(公告)号：US20120109263A1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-03

申请号：US13264729

申请日：2010-04-14

Applicant: Juergen F. Kolb ,  Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Stephen P. Beebe

Inventor： Juergen F. Kolb ,  Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Stephen P. Beebe

IPC: A61N1/32

CPC classification number: A61N1/325 ,  A61N1/0502 ,  A61N1/306 ,  A61N1/327

Abstract: An instrument 10 for delivering a high voltage pulse to tissue is disclosed. The instrument 10 can include an outer support member 12 with a liquid reservoir 14 that has a liquid-contacting interior surface 16, an opening 18 at a distal end 20 of the outer support member 12, and a ground electrode 22 extending in a longitudinal direction and having a lower surface 23 proximate the opening 18. The instrument 10 can also include a working electrode 26 extending longitudinally from the liquid-contacting interior surface 16 with a needle-shaped distal portion 28 proximate the distal end 20; and an inlet port 31 and an outlet port 34 in liquid communication with the liquid reservoir 14. The working electrode 26 can be electrically isolated from the ground electrode 22 by an insulating portion 30 of the outer support member 12, and a direct path can exist through the liquid reservoir 14 between the ground electrode 22 and the working electrode 26.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于将高电压脉冲传送到组织的器械10。 仪器10可以包括具有液体储存器14的外部支撑构件12，该储存器14具有液体接触内表面16，在外部支撑构件12的远端20处的开口18和沿纵向方向延伸的接地电极22 并且具有靠近开口18的下表面23.仪器10还可以包括从液体接触内表面16纵向延伸的工作电极26，其具有靠近远端20的针状远端部分28; 以及与液体储存器14液体连通的入口31和出口34.工作电极26可以通过外部支撑构件12的绝缘部分30与接地电极22电隔离，并且可以存在直接路径 通过接地电极22和工作电极26之间的液体贮存器14。

公开(公告)号：US08000813B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US12089973

申请日：2006-08-21

Applicant: Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Stephen Beebe

Inventor： Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Stephen Beebe

IPC: A61N1/00

CPC classification number: A61N1/40 ,  A61N1/37229

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cellular and intracellular manipulation of cell functions with ultrashort electrical pulses and for targeted delivery of the electrical pulses into cell cultures, patients, and tissues.

Abstract translation: 利用超短电脉冲对细胞功能进行细胞和细胞内操作的方法和装置，并将电脉冲靶向递送到细胞培养物，患者和组织中。

公开(公告)号：US07855513B2

公开(公告)日：2010-12-21

申请号：US11868371

申请日：2007-10-05

Applicant: Muhammed Arif Malik ,  Karl H. Schoenbach

Inventor： Muhammed Arif Malik ,  Karl H. Schoenbach

IPC: H01J7/24

CPC classification number: H05H1/2406 ,  H05H2001/4692

Abstract: A plasma reactor is provided, which includes a discharge chamber with dimensional characteristics and configuration of dielectric and electrodes so as to enhance efficiency based on the characteristics of the corona discharge streamers generated. Upon application of a pulsed high voltage potential, the discharge chamber enables formation of plasma where surface streamers play a greater role in the overall energy density of the discharge chamber than gas streamers. The formation of gas streamers is constrained. Because surface streamers have a higher energy density, the present invention is able to achieve improved energy efficiency while preserving effectiveness for gas treatment.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种等离子体反应器，其包括具有电介质和电极的尺寸特性和构造的放电室，以便基于产生的电晕放电拖缆的特性提高效率。 在施加脉冲高电压电位时，放电室能够形成等离子体，其中表面飘带在排气室的整体能量密度方面比气体拖缆发挥更大的作用。 瓦斯拖缆的形成受到限制。 由于表面拖缆具有较高的能量密度，本发明能够实现提高的能量效率，同时保持气体处理的有效性。

公开(公告)号：US20090158638A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-25

申请号：US12336707

申请日：2008-12-17

Applicant: Patrick G. Hatcher ,  Zhanfei Liu

Inventor： Patrick G. Hatcher ,  Zhanfei Liu

IPC: C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C11C3/04 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10L1/026 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: Disclosed is the direct conversion process for producing biodiesel from a biomass. The direct conversion process for producing biodiesel from a biomass comprises reacting a feed stock comprising a biomass and an alkylation reagent in a substantially oxygen free environment at a temperature sufficient to hydrolyze one or more lipid glycerides in the biomass and alkylated one or more fatty acids in the reaction. The process may comprise reacting a feed stock comprising an algal biomass and tetramethylammonium hydroxide in a substantially oxygen free environment at a temperature between 250° C. and 500° C. The direct conversion process for producing biodiesel may further comprise reacting oil containing lipid glycerides with an alkylation reagent at a sufficient temperature to esterify the oil. The fatty acid alkyl esters produced from the reacted feed stock are recovered. The recovered fatty acid alkyl esters, as an essential component of biodiesel, may be formulated into biodiesel.

Abstract translation: 公开了从生物质生产生物柴油的直接转化过程。 用于从生物质生产生物柴油的直接转化方法包括在足以水解生物质中的一种或多种脂质甘油酯并烷基化的一种或多种脂肪酸的温度下，在基本上不含氧的环境中使包含生物质和烷基化试剂的原料反应 反应。 该方法可以包括在250℃和500℃之间的温度下在基本上不含氧的环境中使包含藻类生物质和四甲基氢氧化铵的原料反应。用于生产生物柴油的直接转化方法还可包括使含有脂肪甘油酯的油与 在足够的温度下使烷基化试剂酯化油。 回收由反应原料生产的脂肪酸烷基酯。 回收的脂肪酸烷基酯作为生物柴油的必需组分可以配制成生物柴油。

公开(公告)号：US07362910B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-22

申请号：US11040123

申请日：2005-01-21

Applicant: Vijayan K. Asari ,  Ming-Jung Seow

Inventor： Vijayan K. Asari ,  Ming-Jung Seow

IPC: G06K9/40

CPC classification number: G06T5/008 ,  G06T5/20 ,  G06T2207/10024 ,  H04N1/6027

Abstract: A method of characterizing and enhancing the pixels in an image, which is captured at all lighting conditions. The method enable dynamically enhancement of images captured at extremely low lighting conditions. Each pixel of the image, represented by I SUB (x, y) where x is the horizontal axis coordinate value and y is the vertical axis coordinate value, contains three color-components. Each pixel is characterized by defining a relationship between the three color-components of that pixel in its initial state. A nonlinear expansion function, which adaptively adjusts the expansion rate with respect to the statistical property of the original image, is used for enhancing the brightness of the image so that the poorly lighted pixels are enhanced in intensity more as compared to the amount of enhancement for the brighter pixels. The color property of each pixel in the enhanced image is then restored using the characteristic features previously defined by the relationship of the color components. This procedure provides an enhanced image, which is natural in its appearance and has sharp visibility to human observation. In addition, this new technique is fast enough to provide a real time enhancement of images from a video stream.

Abstract translation: 一种表征和增强在所有照明条件下捕获的图像中的像素的方法。 该方法能够在极低的照明条件下动态地增强拍摄的图像。 由I SUB（x，y）表示的图像的每个像素，其中x是水平轴坐标值，y是垂直轴坐标值，包含三个颜色分量。 每个像素的特征在于在其初始状态中定义该像素的三个颜色分量之间的关系。 使用相对于原始图像的统计特性来自适应地调节扩展率的非线性扩展函数来增强图像的亮度，使得不良点亮的像素的强度比增强的量增加更多 更亮的像素 然后使用先前由颜色分量的关系定义的特征特征来恢复增强图像中的每个像素的颜色特性。 该过程提供了增强的图像，其外观是自然的，并且对人类观察具有清晰的可见性。 此外，这种新技术足够快以提供来自视频流的图像的实时增强。

公开(公告)号：US6061134A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-09

申请号：US316176

申请日：1999-05-21

Applicant: Brian J. Jensen ,  John B. Cooper ,  Kent L. Wise

Inventor： Brian J. Jensen ,  John B. Cooper ,  Kent L. Wise

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/44

CPC classification number: G01J3/44

Abstract: A modification to a commercial Fourier Transform (FT) Raman spectrometer is presented for the elimination of thermal backgrounds in the FT Raman spectra. The modification involves the use of a mechanical optical chopper to modulate the continuous wave laser, remote collection of the signal via fiber optics, and connection of a dual-phase digital-signal-processor (DSP) lock-in amplifier between the detector and the spectrometer's collection electronics to demodulate and filter the optical signals. The resulting Modulated Fourier Transform Raman Fiber-Optic Spectrometer is capable of completely eliminating thermal backgrounds at temperatures exceeding 300.degree. C.

Abstract translation: 提出了商业傅里叶变换（FT）拉曼光谱仪的修改，用于消除FT拉曼光谱中的热背景。 该修改涉及使用机械光斩波器来调制连续波激光器，通过光纤远程收集信号，以及在检测器和检测器之间连接双相数字信号处理器（DSP）锁定放大器 光谱仪的收集电子设备来解调和滤波光信号。 所得到的调制傅立叶变换拉曼光纤光谱仪能够在超过300℃的温度下完全消除热背景。

公开(公告)号：US11820976B2

公开(公告)日：2023-11-21

申请号：US17215773

申请日：2021-03-29

Applicant: OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Inventor： Olga Pakhomova ,  Andrei G. Pakhomov

IPC: A61N1/32 ,  C12N13/00

CPC classification number: C12N13/00 ,  A61N1/327

Abstract: Systems and methods of enhancing membrane permeabilization in a cell are provided. An example method includes disposing the cell between a first electrode and a second electrode and applying a plurality of electrical pulses between the first electrode and the second electrode. In the systems and methods, the plurality of electrical pulses include at least two trains of pulses separated by an interval greater than about 10 s. Further, the amplitude of the electrical pulses is selected to be greater than about 0.2 kV/cm.