公开(公告)号：US3452179A

公开(公告)日：1969-06-24

申请号：US3452179D

申请日：1967-04-12

Applicant: US AIR FORCE

Inventor： RYAN CHARLES E ,  CONSIDINE DENNIS P

IPC: C30B13/22 ,  H01J37/065 ,  H01J37/305 ,  H01J37/04 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H01J29/46

CPC classification number: H01J37/065 ,  C30B13/22 ,  H01J37/305

公开(公告)号：US10249467B2

公开(公告)日：2019-04-02

申请号：US15524984

申请日：2015-11-04

Applicant: ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE ,  ECOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE DE TECHNIQUES AVANCÉES

Inventor： Cédric Thaury ,  Rémi Lehe ,  Victor Malka ,  Emilien Guillaume

IPC: H05H1/46 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H05H15/00 ,  H01J25/02

Abstract: A device for collimation or focusing of a relativistic electron packet, obtained in particular by laser-plasma acceleration, including a gas cloud and a laser capable of emitting a laser pulse focused in the gas cloud in order to create therein a wave of focusing electric and magnetic fields. The invention also relates to a device for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet. The invention further relates to a collimation or focusing method for a relativistic electron packet, and to methods for emission of a collimated or focused relativistic electron packet.

公开(公告)号：US20110074287A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

申请号：US12894662

申请日：2010-09-30

Applicant: Thomas J. Roberts

Inventor： Thomas J. Roberts

IPC: H01J23/08 ,  H05H7/00

CPC classification number: H05H7/12

Abstract: This discloses a device called a particle refrigerator that will reduce the emittance of a charged particle beam. The particle refrigerator device is particularly well-suited for beams of particles created by interactions or decays of other particles, such as anti-protons, pions, ions, and muons, which are inherently created with very large emittances. It is a compact and inexpensive device compared to other systems for the emittance reduction of such beams. This device works by injecting beam particles backwards into the device, using the particle turn-around to match an incoming beam into a frictional cooling channel; this increases the acceptance of that channel by perhaps a thousandfold, making it practical to produce beams of high intensity and brightness. The frictional cooling is very effective, and simulations of its operation and performance give emittance reduction factors exceeding 30,000, with transmissions as high as 70%.

Abstract translation: 这公开了一种称为粒子冰箱的装置，其将减少带电粒子束的发射。 颗粒冰箱装置特别适用于由非常大的发射率固有地产生的其它颗粒（例如抗质子，离子和μ子）的相互作用或衰变产生的颗粒束。 与其他系统相比，它是一种紧凑且便宜的装置，用于减少这种光束的发射率。 该装置通过将光束粒子向后注入到装置中，使用颗粒转向将入射光束匹配到摩擦冷却通道中来工作; 这增加了该通道的接受度可能是千倍，使得生产高强度和亮度的光束变得实用。 摩擦冷却非常有效，其运行和性能的模拟使发射减少因子超过30,000，变速器高达70％。

公开(公告)号：US20060061285A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-23

申请号：US11143417

申请日：2005-06-02

Applicant: John Lewellen ,  John Noonan

Inventor： John Lewellen ,  John Noonan

IPC: H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01J37/065 ,  H01J3/021 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/305 ,  H01J2201/317 ,  H01J2237/303 ,  H01J2237/3104 ,  H01J2237/3132

Abstract: Beam processing methods including e-beam welding and e-beam evaporation for thin film deposition are implemented with a novel high power, long focus electron source. The high power, long focus electron source generates an e-beam. The e-beam is transported through a series of steering magnets to steer the beam. At least one refocusing magnet is provided to refocus the e-beam. A final steering magnet bends the e-beam to focus on a target, such as a weld joint or a deposition target.

Abstract translation: 包括电子束焊接和用于薄膜沉积的电子束蒸发的光束处理方法是用新的大功率长焦点电子源来实现的。 大功率长焦点电子源产生电子束。 电子束通过一系列转向磁铁传送以转向光束。 提供至少一个重新聚焦磁体以重新聚焦电子束。 最终的转向磁铁将电子束弯曲成对准目标，例如焊接接头或沉积靶。

公开(公告)号：US5523659A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-04

申请号：US292487

申请日：1994-08-18

Applicant: Donald A. Swenson

Inventor： Donald A. Swenson

IPC: H05H7/22 ,  H05H9/00 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H01J23/00 ,  H05H7/00

CPC classification number: H05H9/00 ,  H05H7/22

Abstract: A drift tube linac incorporates rf-electric quadrupole focusing by employing drift tubes with only one drift-tube stem per particle wavelength and in which the lowest frequency RF cavity mode has a transverse magnetic field (TM.sub.010 -mode). Each drift tube comprises two separate electrodes that form a capacitor that couples to the axial electric field of the primary cavity mode. The electrodes operate at different electrical potentials, as determined by the RF fields in the cavity, and are supported by a single stem along the axis of a cylindrical cavity. Each electrode supports two fingers pointing towards the opposite end of the drift tube, forming a four fingered geometry that produces an RF quadrupole field distribution along its axis. The fundamental periodicity of the structure is equal to the particle wavelength (.beta..lambda.) where .beta. is the particle velocity in units of the velocity of light and .lambda. is the free space wavelength of the rf. The particles traverse two distinct regions, namely the gaps between drift tubes, where the acceleration takes place, and the regions inside the drift tubes, where the RF focusing takes place. The linac of the present invention transforms the reverse fields into transverse fields for focusing such that the beam is not decelerated.

Abstract translation: 漂移管直线加速器采用射频四极杆聚焦，采用漂移管，每个粒子波长只有一个漂移管茎，其中最低频RF腔模具有横向磁场（TM010模式）。 每个漂移管包括两个单独的电极，其形成耦合到主腔模式的轴向电场的电容器。 电极以不同的电势工作，由空腔中的RF场确定，并且由沿着圆柱形腔的轴线的单个杆支撑。 每个电极支撑指向漂移管的相对端的两个手指，形成四根手指的几何形状，其沿其轴线产生RF四极场分布。 结构的基本周期性等于粒子波长（βλ），其中β是以光速为单位的粒子速度，λ是rf的自由空间波长。 颗粒穿过两个不同的区域，即发生加速度的漂移管之间的间隙以及发生RF聚焦的漂移管内部的区域。 本发明的直线加速器将反向场转换成用于聚焦的横向场，使得光束不被减速。

公开(公告)号：US4705988A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-10

申请号：US773665

申请日：1985-09-09

Applicant: Minh Q. Tran ,  Anders Bondeson

Inventor： Minh Q. Tran ,  Anders Bondeson

IPC: H01J23/087 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H01J25/02 ,  H01J25/00

CPC classification number: H01J25/025

Abstract: A device for guiding an electron beam from an electron gun to a microwave resonator in a microwave source operating according to the gyrotron principle, including a beam duct for guiding the electron beam, wherein the beam duct encloses the electron beam and has an electrically highly conductive surface area. For damping unwanted wave modes inside the beam duct, a plurality of damping openings are provided in the surface area of the beam duct. The characteristic aperture size (a) of the damping openings is larger than the wavelength of the modes to be damped. A particularly simple implementation employs wire mesh with an appropriate mesh size used as the material for the surface area of the beam duct.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将电子束从电子枪引导到微波源的微波源的装置，该微波源根据陀螺原理工作，包括用于引导电子束的光束管道，其中光束通道包围电子束并具有高电导率 表面积。 为了阻止光束管道内的不需要的波形，在光束管道的表面区域设有多个阻尼开口。 阻尼孔的特征孔径（a）大于要被阻尼的模式的波长。 特别简单的实施方式采用具有适当的网眼尺寸的金属丝网，其用作用于光束管道的表面区域的材料。

公开(公告)号：US4555646A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-26

申请号：US587837

申请日：1984-03-12

Applicant: George V. Miram ,  Yosuke M. Mizuhara

Inventor： George V. Miram ,  Yosuke M. Mizuhara

IPC: H01J23/065 ,  H01J23/087 ,  H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01J23/065 ,  H01J23/087

Abstract: A permanent-magnet-focused linear-beam high power millimeter-wave tube is externally adjustable for optimum electron beam optics during initial tube operation. The adjustment is made possible by providing an enlarged cavity within the cathode polepiece within which is housed a confined-flow magnetically-focused electron gun, and a cylindrical insert of magnetic material axially symmetrically disposed about the gun and in spaced relationship to and adjacent the gun insulator envelope. The insert may comprise iron or a radially magnetized permanent magnet, either alone or in combination, and more than one insert of magnetic material may be concentrically employed. In this manner, and by movement of the insert axially within the cavity toward and away from the gun, a finely controllable smooth adjustment of the beam diameter in the beam-microwave interaction region of the tube is effected over a wide range during initial operation. Substantially only the magnetic field in the vicinity of the gun is affected, and essentially no scalloping degradation of the beam in the interaction region is observed.

Abstract translation: 永久磁铁聚焦的线性束高功率毫米波管可以在外部调节，以在初始管操作期间实现最佳电子束光学。 通过在阴极端子内提供放大的空腔，其中容纳有限流动的聚焦电子枪和磁性材料的圆柱形插入物，可以通过在枪周围对称地设置并与枪相隔并且相邻的枪 绝缘体外壳。 插入件可以单独地或组合地包括铁或径向磁化的永磁体，并且可以同心地使用多于一个的磁性材料插入件。 以这种方式，并且通过插入件在空腔内朝向和远离枪的轴向移动，在初始操作期间在宽的范围内实现在管的束 - 微波相互作用区域中的光束直径的精细可控的平滑调节。 基本上只有枪附近的磁场受到影响，并且基本上没有观察到相互作用区域中的光束的扇叶退化。

公开(公告)号：US4401918A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-30

申请号：US205070

申请日：1980-11-10

Applicant: Alfred W. Maschke

Inventor： Alfred W. Maschke

IPC: H01J23/083 ,  H01J25/12 ,  H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01J25/12 ,  H01J23/083

Abstract: A klystron includes a source for emitting at least one electron beam, and an accelerator for accelarating the beam in a given direction through a number of drift tube sections successively aligned relative to one another in the direction of the beam. A number of electrostatic quadrupole arrays are successively aligned relative to one another along at least one of the drift tube sections in the beam direction for focusing the electron beam. Each of the electrostatic quadrupole arrays forms a different quadrupole for each electron beam. Two or more electron beams can be maintained in parallel relationship by the quadrupole arrays, thereby enabling space charge limitations encountered with conventional single beam klystrons to be overcome.

Abstract translation: 速调管包括用于发射至少一个电子束的源，以及加速器，用于沿给定方向加速通过在束的方向上相对于彼此依次对准的多个漂移管部分的束。 多个静电四极阵列沿光束方向中的至少一个漂移管部分相对于彼此连续对准，用于聚焦电子束。 每个静电四极阵列为每个电子束形成不同的四极。 两个或多个电子束可以通过四极阵列保持平行关系，从而可以克服常规单束速调管遇到的空间电荷限制。

公开(公告)号：US4387323A

公开(公告)日：1983-06-07

申请号：US216590

申请日：1980-12-15

Applicant: Albert E. Berwick

Inventor： Albert E. Berwick

IPC: H01J23/08 ,  H01J23/087 ,  H01J23/15

CPC classification number: H01J23/087

Abstract: High-power linear-beam electron tubes require an extended uniform magnetic field to focus their beam in an elongated cylinder. When permanent magnets are used to energize the magnet structure, there is inevitably a leakage field outside the main flux-return path. The leakage field can refocus the beam in the tube's collector, damaging it. When the collector has air-cooling fins, it is not practical to shield it completely with magnetic material. In the invention, the leakage field is reduced by making the energizing magnet at the collector end axially magnetized and the magnet at the cathode end radially magnetized. Also, a shield around the outside of the fins may be added.

Abstract translation: 大功率线性束电子管需要一个扩展的均匀的磁场，将它们的光束聚焦在细长的气缸中。 当使用永磁体来激励磁体结构时，在主通量返回路径外部不可避免地存在泄漏场。 泄漏场可以将光束重新聚焦在管的收集器中，从而损坏它。 当收集器具有空气散热片时，用磁性材料完全遮蔽是不切实际的。 在本发明中，通过使集电端的通电磁体轴向磁化，阴极端的磁体径向磁化，使漏磁场减小。 此外，可以添加围绕翅片外侧的屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US4282436A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

申请号：US156441

申请日：1980-06-04

Applicant: Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  John A. Pasour ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden ,  Spencer J. Marsh

Inventor： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  John A. Pasour ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden ,  Spencer J. Marsh

IPC: H01J27/04 ,  H01J23/08

CPC classification number: H01J27/04

Abstract: An inverse reflex tetrode (IRT) for producing an intense pulsed beam of i includes a real cathode having a curved or conical surface which is substantially transparent to the ions; first anode and second anode, or grid, which are spaced apart and are at the same potential, the first anode being between the real cathode and the second anode and having a curved or conical surface approximately parallel to the surface of the real cathode, and also being formed from a dielectric material such as polyethylene; a curved or conical hollow anode stalk which supports both anodes; and a virtual cathode which is formed by electrons that are emitted by the real cathode and pass through the first anode. The real cathode and first and second anodes are enclosed in a vacuum chamber and are immersed in an applied external magnetic field. The IRT receives an electrical pulse from a high-voltage pulse generator. The real cathode emits electrons which accelerate toward the first anode, pass through the first anode and form a virtual cathode between the first and second anodes. Most of the electrons oscillate between the virtual cathode and the real cathode and form a plasma sheath on the surfaces of the first anode. Some ions from the plasma propagate toward the second anode, and some ions propagate toward the real cathode. The ions arrive at the second anode with zero velocity, while the other ions pass through the real cathode and form a propagating ion beam.

Abstract translation: 用于产生强脉冲离子束的逆反射四极管（IRT）包括具有对离子基本透明的弯曲或圆锥形表面的真实阴极; 第一阳极和第二阳极或栅格彼此间隔开并且具有相同的电位，第一阳极位于实际阴极和第二阳极之间，并且具有大致平行于真正阴极的表面的弯曲或圆锥形表面，以及 也由介电材料如聚乙烯形成; 支撑两阳极的弯曲或圆锥形中空阳极茎; 以及由真阴极发射并通过第一阳极的电子形成的虚拟阴极。 将真正的阴极和第一和第二阳极封装在真空室中并浸入施加的外部磁场中。 IRT从高电压脉冲发生器接收电脉冲。 真正的阴极发射朝向第一阳极加速的电子，穿过第一阳极并在第一和第二阳极之间形成虚拟阴极。 大多数电子在虚拟阴极和真实阴极之间振荡并在第一阳极的表面上形成等离子体鞘。 来自等离子体的一些离子向第二阳极传播，一些离子向真正的阴极传播。 离子以零速度到达第二阳极，而其它离子通过真实阴极并形成传播离子束。