Abstract:
A combination catheter for both detecting monophasic action potentials and ablating surface tissue in an in vivo heart of a patient is provided. The apparatus includes a catheter probe having a terminal tip portion and an electrode carried on the tip such that a portion of the tip electrode is exposed to ambient. A reference electrode is spaced along the tip from the first electrode for supplying a reference potential signal. An ablating electrode is located adjacent to but electrically insulated from both the tip and reference electrodes for providing electromagnetic energy to the tip. The electrodes are electrically connected to the proximal end of the catheter through individual conductors or wires that run through an insulated cable. An electronic filter is provided to permit the recording of MAPs during ablation without radiofrequency interference. The catheter may also include standard mapping and/or pacing electrodes. The catheter may further include a steering mechanism for positioning the catheter at various treatment sites in the heart, and a structure for holding the tip electrode in substantially perpendicular contact with heart tissue with a positive pressure, and for spacing the reference electrode from the heart tissue.
Abstract:
An antenna assembly has an energy propagating region that is encapsulated in a material having a high dielectric constant for minimizing the loss of energy while having a high thermal conductivity for dissipating conductive heat patterns about the energy propagating region.
Abstract:
An improved assembly for steering and orienting a functional element at the distal end of a catheter tube holds the functional element with its major axis aligned with the axis of the catheter tube for convenient steering to a tissue site. The mechanism can also pivot the functional element in response to an external force to orient the major axis of the functional element generally parallel to the plane of the tissue site, without bending the catheter tube.
Abstract:
A cardiac probe employs a dynamic mounting element that supports one or more electrodes at its distal end in relatively constant surface contact against the expanding and contact endocardial surface.
Abstract:
A reinforcing sleeve encloses a bendable electrode tip assembly for a catheter. The reinforcing sleeve is flexible enough to accommodate the bending movement desired for the electrode tip assembly. Still, the reinforcing sleeve provides added strength and resistance against wear and tear during repeated bending operations. The reinforcing sleeve also holds associated steering wires and electrical conducting wires in close intimate contact against the interior support wire of the electrode tip assembly. The intimate contact prevents kinking and chafing of the steering wires and electrical conducting wires during bending operations.