Abstract:
A method and apparatus for using a secondary refrigerant to precool and liquefy a primary refrigerant, then vaporizing and expanding the primary refrigerant to cool a cold tip of a cryosurgical instrument for ablation of biological tissue, such as cardiovascular tissue, in particular endocardiac tissue and tissue inside a cardiac blood vessel. The secondary refrigerant has a critical temperature above the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, and a cooling temperature below the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, thereby facilitating the use of the precooling step to provide liquid primary refrigerant in an operating room environment in which the primary refrigerant could not otherwise be provided in the liquid phase.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) includes a cover having a body portion and an angled flange portion, the angled flange portion substantially surrounding a perimeter portion of the body portion to allow a force applied in a direction substantially perpendicular to the body portion to deflect the angled flange portion and bias the angled flange portion against a contact surface to form a positive contact between the angled flange portion and the contact surface thereby shielding EMI.
Abstract:
An optimum gas mixture formulated from a group of component fluids, for use in a miniature mixed gas refrigeration system. The gas mixture has appropriate components, in appropriate concentrations, to optimize refrigeration power and heat transfer capacity, and to minimize plugging of the Joule-Thomson expansion element. The gas mixture is pressurized by a compressor to a pressure less than 750 psia, and preferably less than 420 psia, for safety reasons, and supplied to a heat exchanger. The high pressure outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a Joule-Thomson expansion element where the high pressure gas is expanded isenthalpically to a lower temperature at least as low as 183K. This low temperature gas cools a heat transfer element mounted in the distal end of the probe, to cool an external object. Return gas flows back through the heat exchanger to pre-cool the incoming high pressure gas mixture.
Abstract:
A downhole cut-off valve used for cementing a casing string, comprising: an outer hollow body, having a top end connected at the lower end of the casing string, an inner hole, an inner surface and a projecting shoulder forming on the inner surface and extending inwardly; an inner hollow body, arranged slidably in said outer hollow body and having an inner hole, a wall with a plurality of through holes and a projection forming on the wall and below the through holes and extending outwardly, the projection being adapted to fit with the projecting shoulder of said outer body to define a preliminary position of said inner body with respect to said outer body; the longitudinal positions of the through holes and the projection being arranged in such a manner that the projecting shoulder of said outer body is located therebetween when said inner body is placed in said outer body and will at least partially cover the through holes in response to the movement of said inner body; a relief member, blocking the upper end of the inner hole of said inner hollow body and releasing automatically to expose the upper end of the inner hollow body when necessary; an adjusting member, arranged in the lower portion of said outer hollow body and being able to move longitudinally, and; a resilient member, arranged between said outer hollow body and said inner hollow body and having one end against the projection of said inner body and another end against said adjusting member.
Abstract:
A body implantable lead including a sheath, an electrode sleeve secured at a distal end of the sheath, a rotor body positioned within the sleeve, a fixing helix secured to a distal end of the rotor body, a torsion spring secured to a proximal end of the rotor body, and a rotation guide formed between the electrode sleeve and the rotor body which includes a helical groove formed on either the rotor body or the electrode sleeve and at least one guide pin formed on the electrode sleeve or the rotor body, respectively.
Abstract:
A device comprises a vertical transistor. The vertical transistor comprises a semiconductive pillar, at least one gate electrode, a gate dielectric material, and void spaces. The semiconductive pillar comprises a source region, a drain region, and a channel region extending vertically between the source region and the drain region, the channel region comprising a semiconductive material having a band gap greater than 1.65 electronvolts. The at least one gate electrode laterally neighbors the semiconductive pillar. The gate dielectric material is laterally between the semiconductive pillar and the at least one gate electrode. The void spaces are vertically adjacent the gate dielectric material and laterally intervening between the at least one gate electrode and each of the source region and the drain region of the semiconductive pillar. Related electronic systems and methods are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Generally, this disclosure describes a method and system for automated check-out and drop-off return of products using a mobile device. A method may include purchasing at least one product of a plurality of products wherein each product is located at a respective associated product location in a store that sells the plurality of products and a point of sale of each purchased product corresponds to the respective associated product location.
Abstract:
The present invention provides biodegradable polymer particle delivery compositions based on polymers, such as polyester amide (PEA) and polyester urethane (PEUR) polymers, that contain amino acids in the polymer. The polymer particle delivery compositions can be formulated as a liquid dispersion of polymer particles with the bioactive agents dispersed in the particle or conjugated attached to polymer molecules or particle surfaces. The bioactive agents can include drugs, polypeptides, DNA and cells for cell-based therapies using particles sized for local, mucosal or circulatory delivery. Methods of treating a disease by administering to a subject the polymer particle delivery composition, which incorporates a bioactive agent suitable for treatment of the disease, or its symptoms, are also included.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention disclose a method for K-only (gray/black) object rendering in a high-speed color controller of a printing system. The method includes setting a flag to indicate selection of a K-only text and barcode print preference from a user of a print system, receiving one or more objects to be printed by the print system, the one or more objects including at least one of a text object and a barcode object, determining whether an input color space for the at least one text object and barcode object should be converted to K-only black ink, and rendering the at least one of the text object and the barcode object as K-only black ink if the input color space is determined to be converted to K-only black ink.