Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for programming a non-volatile data storage device, in which a fast write operation can be performed using a plurality of page buffers included in the non-volatile data storage device when the write operation is performed in a way of using interleaving for each channel in a multi-channel system using a plurality of non-volatile data storage devices. The method includes programming data in a memory cell array included in the non-volatile data storage device using a page buffer selected from among a plurality of page buffers included in the non-volatile data storage device and performing a setup operation for loading data using another page buffer, which is different from the page buffer selected during the programming.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating liquid crystal panel including providing a first and second substrates, attaching the first substrate to the second substrate with a predetermined gap, fixing the attached first and second substrates in a state bent into the predetermined radius of curvature such that tension can be applied to a predetermined cutting surface of the first substrate, forming a crack on the predetermined cutting surface using a scribing wheel, cutting the substrates by applying mechanical force to the first and the second substrates on which the crack is formed, and injecting liquid crystal into each of cut liquid crystal cells.
Abstract:
A system is disclosed that includes a first memory device operable according to either a first bit organization or a second bit organization, a second memory device operable according to only the first bit organization, and a central processing unit (CPU). The CPU is commonly connected to the first and second memory devices via a command/address bus, and is connected to the first memory device via a data bus separate from the command/address bus and having an upper half and a lower half. However, the CPU is connected to the second memory device via only the upper half of the data bus.
Abstract:
Provided is a text input system and method based on voice recognition. The system includes: an input unit for receiving part of text, i.e., partial text; a voice input unit for receiving entire text of the partial text by voice; a voice recognition preprocessing unit for analyzing the voice inputted through the voice input unit and transmitting the partial text inputted through the input unit with voice analysis information; a voice recognizing unit for creating a list of a recognition candidates by using the partial text transmitted from the voice recognition preprocessing unit, performing a voice recognition and selecting a text among the recognition candidates; and an output unit for outputting a finally voice recognized text.
Abstract:
A method may be provided to communicate a plurality of groups of output data bits representing a respective plurality of groups of input data bits over a data bus with each group of output data bits and each group of input data bits have an equal data width. Each of the plurality of groups of input data bits at may be received at a data register. For each group of input data bits received at the data register, if a number of data bits of the group of input data bits having a first logic level is greater than half of the data width, the group of input data bits are inverted, the inverted group of input data bits are transmitted as a respective group of output data bits in parallel over the data bus, and an inversion flag associated with the respective group of output data bits is transmitted. For each group of input data bits received at the data register, if a number of data bits of the group of input data bits having a second logic level different than the first logic level is greater than half of the data width, the group of input data bits is transmitted without inversion as a respective group of output data bits in parallel over the data bus, and a non-inversion flag associated with the respective group of output data bits is transmitted. Related systems are also discussed.
Abstract:
A semiconductor wafer baking apparatus includes a hot plate, a container of which an upper part is open, and a cover that covers the upper part of the container. The cover includes an upper plate, a lower plate and a side wall that form a gas circulating space therebetween. At least one gas inlet is formed in the side wall, a plurality of gas supply holes are formed in a central region of the lower plate, and a skirt on which is formed a gas exhaust unit is coupled to a lower edge of the cover.
Abstract:
In a packet addressing method, one or more memory blocks are selected from a plurality of memory blocks and one or more data I/O pads are selected from a plurality of data I/O pads via which data input or output to/from the selected memory blocks are loaded, memory cell data output from the selected memory blocks are sequentially output to the selected data I/O pads, and data input to the selected data I/O pads are sequentially input to the selected memory blocks, so that read and write operations are independently accomplished in each of data I/O pads. The data I/O width can be adjusted according to the word length which is selectively set up, and power consumption can be reduced due to partial activation of the memory block.
Abstract:
In a startup method for fuel cell systems, and more particularly, a startup method which makes the fuel cell systems rapidly reach a steady state operation by significantly decreasing the time taken to increase the temperature of the shift reactor catalyst, gas discharged from a burner that heats a reformer is supplied into the shift reactor. In the startup method of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell systems rapidly reach a steady state operation thereby significantly improving the utility of the fuel cell system. In addition, the fuel cell system is economical in that gases discharged from burners included in the fuel cell system and waste heat are used.
Abstract:
An apparatus for heating a wafer includes a hot plate, formed of, for example, ceramic, which heats the wafer mounted thereon, a case supporting the hot plate, and a fixing unit fixing the hot plate to the case that is located under the hot plate. The fixing unit may include a ball for contacting and pressing the hot plate, and an elastic spring which presses the ball and which compresses when the hot plate expands thermally.
Abstract:
Provided is a heat treatment apparatus. The heat treatment apparatus includes a heating plate including a heater; a chamber case including a cooling chamber, and coupled to a lower portion of the heating plate; and at least one atomizing unit installed on the chamber case to generate liquid droplet aerosol by mixing a cooling liquid and a gas, and at the same time, to inject the liquid droplet aerosol into the cooling chamber.