摘要:
An electrically conducting cermet comprises at least one transition metal element dispersed in a matrix of at least one refractory oxide selected from the group consisting of yttria, alumina, garnet, magnesium aluminum oxide, and combinations; wherein an amount of the at least one transition metal element is less than 15 volume percent of the total volume of the cermet. A device comprises the aforementioned electrically conducting cermet.
摘要:
An energy storage device includes a housing having an interior surface defining a volume and a plurality of solid electrolyte elements disposed in the volume. Each solid electrolyte element has a first surface that defines at least a portion of a first, cathodic chamber, and a second surface that defines a second, anodic chamber. A plurality of individual anodic chambers are thus provided, at least one of which is evacuated below atmospheric pressure. A majority of anodic chambers can be spaced from one another in a manner that provides a substantially uniform reaction rate throughout the cathodic chamber. The housing and the plurality of solid electrolyte elements together may be configured to define a second volume devoid of solid electrolyte elements and that is sufficient in size to accommodate a desired number of solid electrolyte elements and to provide an accessible cathodic chamber filling point and that is further sufficient in size to alter the volume of the cathodic chamber with respect to the volume of the plurality of anodic chambers to achieve a desired volumetric ratio between the cathodic and anodic chambers.
摘要:
A braze alloy composition for sealing a ceramic component to a metal component in an electrochemical cell is presented. The braze alloy composition includes nickel, germanium, and an active metal element. The braze alloy includes germanium in an amount greater than about 5 weight percent, and the active metal element in an amount less than about 10 weight percent. A method for sealing a ceramic component to a metal component in an electrochemical cell and, an electrochemical cell sealed thereby, are also provided.
摘要:
Refractory crucibles capable of managing thermal stress and suitable for melting highly reactive alloys having a facecoat, a backing, and at least one retaining ring applied about at least a portion of the backing of the crucible, the retaining ring comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of conductive materials, non-conductive materials, and combinations thereof.
摘要:
A high intensity discharge lamp, in certain embodiments, includes a uniquely shaped shoulder and dimensions selected to reduce stress and associated cracking. The uniquely shaped shoulder has a variable diameter, such as, e.g., a cup-shaped geometry, a curved funnel-shaped geometry, or a conical-shaped geometry. The selected or optimized dimensions may include a tip-to-neck distance, a tip-to-wall distance, and an internal diameter of the lamp. The selected or optimized dimensions also may include a uniform wall thickness, an arc gap distance, and an electrode thickness. These dimensions and shapes are selected to reduce undesirably high maximum stresses and temperatures in the lamp. As a result, the lamp is able to provide higher performance with a longer life due to a decreased risk of stress cracking during rapid start up and steady state operation.
摘要:
Reinforced crucibles for melting titanium alloys having a facecoat including at least one facecoat layer, a backing including at least one backing layer, and at least one reinforcing element applied to at least a portion of one or more of the facecoat layer, the backing layer, or a combination thereof where the reinforcing element includes at least one composition selected from ceramic compositions, metallic compositions, and combinations thereof.
摘要:
Methods for making refractory crucibles capable of managing thermal stresses and suitable for melting highly reactive alloys, the method involving providing a crucible having at least a facecoat and a backing, heating at least one retaining ring, applying the at least one retaining ring about at least a portion of the backing of the crucible; and allowing the at least one retaining ring to cool and shrink-fit about the crucible.
摘要:
Ceramic HID lamps with improved thermal management having an adherent infrared reflective coating layer located on the outer surface of the vessel are described. They include a coating of a nonmetallic material proximate the first and second end portions of the vessel. Such coatings can minimize temperature gradients during lamp operation. Methods for preparing such lamps with improved thermal management are described as well.
摘要:
A metal halide discharge lamp comprises a lamp body and a chamber formed within the body. A pair of electrodes extends into the chamber and have electrode tips spaced apart from one another. A discharge medium composition is sealed within the chamber that generates a plasma, which generates visible light. The composition comprises a rare gas, a first metal halide that produces a luminous flux and a second metal halide that generates a desired lamp operating voltage. The composition may also comprise a metal, sealed in the chamber, in elemental form and is not derived from the first metal halide or the second metal halide. The second metal halide serves as a substitute for mercury for purposes of generating desired lamp operating voltage.