Abstract:
A metallic article is prepared by first furnishing at least one nonmetallic precursor compound, wherein all of the nonmetallic precursor compounds collectively containing the constituent elements of the metallic article in their respective constituent-element proportions. The constituent elements together form a titanium-base alloy having a stable-oxide-forming additive element therein, such as magnesium, calcium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, and mixtures thereof. The stable-oxide-forming additive element forms a stable oxide in a titanium-based alloy. At least one additive element is present at a level greater than its room-temperature solid solubility limit in the titanium-base alloy. The precursor compounds are chemically reduced to produce an alloy material, without melting the alloy material. The alloy material may be consolidated. The alloy material, or consolidated metallic article, is thereafter desirably exposed to an oxygen-containing environment at a temperature greater than room temperature.
Abstract:
A metallic article is prepared by first furnishing at least one nonmetallic precursor compound, wherein all of the nonmetallic precursor compounds collectively containing the constituent elements of the metallic article in their respective constituent-element proportions. The constituent elements together form a titanium-base alloy having a stable-oxide-forming additive element therein, such as magnesium, calcium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, and mixtures thereof. The stable-oxide-forming additive element forms a stable oxide in a titanium-based alloy. At least one additive element is present at a level greater than its room-temperature solid solubility limit in the titanium-base alloy. The precursor compounds are chemically reduced to produce an alloy material, without melting the alloy material. The alloy material may be consolidated. The alloy material, or consolidated metallic article, is thereafter desirably exposed to an oxygen-containing environment at a temperature greater than room temperature.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a casted article is presented. The method includes steps of forming a casted article by a liquid metal cooled directional solidification process, removing a metallic material from a surface of the casted article and inspecting the surface of the casted article. The surface of the casted article is inspected for the presence of the metallic material by exposing the surface to a visualization reagent. A system for manufacturing the casted article is also presented.
Abstract:
Methods for making refractory crucibles capable of managing thermal stresses and suitable for melting highly reactive alloys, the method involving providing a crucible having at least a facecoat and a backing, heating at least one retaining ring, applying the at least one retaining ring about at least a portion of the backing of the crucible; and allowing the at least one retaining ring to cool and shrink-fit about the crucible.
Abstract:
A process for positioning at least one defect in a billet being forged into an article is described. The size and location of the billet is first determined, using a non-destructive test such as ultrasonic inspection. The movement of the defect under selected forging conditions is then predicted, using a finite element analysis model. The billet can then be positioned and forged under conditions which cause the defect to move to a non-critical area of the article. In this manner, a billet which might otherwise be discarded or set aside can often be retained for a useful purpose. Related articles are also described.
Abstract:
An airfoil for an internal combustion engine, such as a gas turbine, formed by use of a preform. The airfoil includes: an outer surface forming the foil shape; and a plurality of craze-free cooling passages extending through the airfoil. In the preferred embodiment, a root on the airfoil joins the airfoil to the hub of a gas turbine vane assembly. Also, in the preferred embodiment, the gas turbine vane assembly is adapted to receive replaceable airfoils.
Abstract:
A ceramic casting shell mold having a pre-selected shape comprises alternate, repeating layers of a ceramic coating material and a ceramic stucco, defining a total thickness of the shell mold; and a ceramic-based reinforcing sheet disposed in the alternate, repeating layers of coating material and stucco at an intermediate thickness. The ceramic-based reinforcing sheet comprises a one-piece monolithic, integral body, which comprises a pattern of holes that enhance bonding between the ceramic-based reinforcing sheet and adjacent ones of the alternate, repeating layers of ceramic coating material. The ceramic-based reinforcing sheet conforms to the shape of the mold and providing structural reinforcement to the mold.
Abstract:
A method for inspecting a titanium-based alloy that comprises alpha phase grains to detect flaws in the titanium-based alloy, the titanium-based alloy comprises an alpha phase that is provided by thermomechanically processing the alloy to provide a microstructure which comprises the alpha phase that defines an average grain size and a crystallographic orientation of the grains of the alpha phase that is highly randomized. The method comprises ultrasonically inspecting the titanium-based alloy using an ultrasonic beam, the ultrasonic beam comprising a cross-sectional area that is less than the average grain size of the alpha phase in the titanium-based alloy; and determining flaws based on the step of ultrasonic inspecting.
Abstract:
A method is set forth for processing titanium and titanium alloys into titanium articles, in which the titanium exhibits enhanced ultrasonic inspection results for determining its acceptability in microstructurally sensitive titanium applications. The method for processing titanium comprises providing titanium at a temperature above its &bgr;-transus temperature; quenching the titanium from a temperature above the &bgr;-transus temperature, the step of quenching titanium forming an &agr;-plate microstructure in the titanium; and deforming the quenched titanium into a titanium article, the step of deforming the quenched titanium transforming the &agr;-plate microstructure into discontinuous &agr; particles without crystallization textures. The discontinuous-randomly textured &agr; particles lead to a reduction in ultrasonic noise during ultrasonic inspection.
Abstract:
A grain starter capable of nucleating a multiplicity of grains in a casting is positioned within a mold. The mold is filled with molten metal and a solidification interface is caused to pass from the grain starter through the molten metal by immersing the mold in a cooling bath to form a casting that has a multiplicity of grains nucleated by the grain starter.