Abstract:
The present invention provides a projection optical system which projects an image on a first object plane onto a second object plane, comprising a plurality of optical members inserted in turn from a side of the second object plane, said plurality of optical members being made of an isotropic crystal and including a first optical member and second optical member in each of which crystal axes are oriented in a direction of an optical axis and a third optical member in which crystal axes are oriented in the direction of the optical axis, wherein maximum angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 between the optical axis and light beams passing through said first optical member, said second optical member, and said third optical member, respectively, satisfy |θi−θj|
Abstract:
There is provided a data processing device having a plurality of functions including at least a print function of forming an image on a recording medium and a facsimile function of transmitting facsimile data. The data processing device comprises: a connection unit to which a portable storage medium is detachably attached; a storage unit configured to store relationship information defining relationship between a data type and a function to be executed for data having the data type; a reading unit configured to read data from the portable storage medium attached to the connection unit; a judgment unit configured to judge a data type of the data read by the reading unit from the portable storage medium; and a function execution unit configured to execute one of the plurality of functions corresponding to the data type judged by the judgment unit.
Abstract:
An exposure apparatus which exposes a substrate to light includes an illumination optical system which illuminates a mask with illumination light, and a projection optical system which projects the pattern of the mask onto the substrate. The illumination light contains the primary component of polarized light and the secondary component of the polarized light, which are perpendicular to each other. The illumination optical system includes a phase difference adjusting unit including a function of continuously adjusting the phase difference between the primary component of the polarized light and the secondary component of the polarized light without changing the direction of the primary component of the polarized light.
Abstract:
One aspect of the present invention can include an image forming apparatus having an access portion configured to access an external storage medium, a file specification portion configured to specify a file to be a printing object, from files stored in the storage medium, a printing portion configured to execute, in accordance with printing conditions, data development processing of the file specified by the file specification portion and execute processing of printing to a printing medium on the basis of the developed data obtained by the data development processing, a printing history storage portion configured to store printing conditions used in the printing processing executed by the printing portion as printing history information. This aspect of the present invention can further include an acceptance portion configured to accept a printing history use instruction, and a printing control portion configured to, when the printing history use instruction is received and a file is specified by the file specification portion, cause printing processing of the specified file to be executed by the printing portion in accordance with the printing conditions stored as the printing history information.
Abstract:
There is provided a control apparatus including a function of generating an operation signal applied to a control subject and a model that simulates characteristics of the control subject, a function of receiving an evaluation value signal calculated based on a measurement signal obtained by applying the operation signal to the control subject and the model, and a function of learning to generate the operation signal such that an expected value of the sum of the evaluation value signals obtained from a present state to a future state is either maximum or minimum in which the evaluation value signal calculated based on the measurement signal from the model is calculated by adding a first evaluation value obtained based on a deviation between the measurement signal obtained from the model and a setpoint value, and a second evaluation value obtained based on a difference in characteristics between the model and the control subject.
Abstract:
An image-forming device includes a printing element for successively printing jobs in a printing queue, a holding element for removing at least one printing job from the printing queue and holding the at least one printing job, and a holding release element for returning the at least one printing job on hold to the printing queue.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus that forms plural copies of images on a recording medium having divided areas N (>1) by arranging the images on the divided areas, respectively, includes: an input image data acquisition unit that acquires an input image data for one copy; an output image data generation unit that performs a first generation process to generate an output image data in which the images are consecutively arranged on the divided areas, respectively, without a blank divided area for the plural copies by employing the input image data for one copy acquired by the input image data acquisition unit repeatedly by a number of times corresponding to the plurality of copies; and an image forming unit that forms an image on the recording medium based on the output image data generated by the first generation process.
Abstract:
A projection optical system includes a first optical element that orients an axis [1 1 1] as a crystal orientation in a cubic system crystal parallel to an optical axis, and a second optical element that orients an axis [1 0 0] as the crystal orientation in the cubic system crystal so that a minimum angle may be 30° or larger between the optical axis and an off-axis edge beam that passes through the second optical element, and a minimum angle may be 10° or smaller between the optical axis and an off-axis principal ray that passes through the second optical element.
Abstract:
A catalyst unit is constructed by alternately stacking rectangular catalyst elements (1) formed by cutting catalyst support plates coated with a catalytic material and having ribs (2) inclined at 45.degree. to one specified side edge (1a) of each thereof, and those turned upside down in a case, and the catalyst unit is disposed in a gas passage with the ribs (2) of the catalyst elements (1) inclined at an angle greater than 0.degree. and smaller than 90.degree. to the direction of the gas flow (6). When the catalyst unit comprising the catalyst elements (1) coated with a denitrating catalyst is placed in the gas passage, the ribs (2) of the catalyst elements (1) blocks the gas flow (6) and generate turbulent currents on the downstream side thereof to promote the contact of ammonia and NOx contained in the exhaust gas with the catalyst. When the gas flow (6) is disturbed, the thickness of laminar films covering the surface of the catalyst elements (1) is reduced, so that ammonia and NOx can be easily diffused and the catalytic activity can be enhanced. The catalyst elements exhibits their catalytic abilities effectively without entailing significant pressure loss in the gas flow.
Abstract:
A catalyst unit is constructed by alternately stacking rectangular catalyst elements (1) formed by cutting catalyst support plates coated with a catalytic material and having ribs (2) inclined at 45.degree. to one specified side edge (1a) of each thereof, and those turned upside down in a case, and the catalyst unit is disposed in a gas passage with the ribs (2) of the catalyst elements (1) inclined at an angle greater than 0.degree. and smaller than 90.degree. to the direction of the gas flow (6). When the catalyst unit comprising the catalyst elements (1) coated with a denitrating catalyst is placed in the gas passage, the ribs (2) of the catalyst elements (1) blocks the gas flow (6) and generate turbulent currents on the downstream side thereof to promote the contact of ammonia and NOx contained in the exhaust gas with the catalyst. When the gas flow (6) is disturbed, the thickness of laminar films covering the surface of the catalyst elements (1) is reduced, so that ammonia and NOx can be easily diffused and the catalytic activity can be enhanced. The catalyst elements exhibits their catalytic abilities effectively without entailing significant pressure loss in the gas flow.