摘要:
One aspect of the present invention is to provide a login system and method which can be easily applied to corporate members, and which can prevent unauthorized use even if authentication information is copied. Because of a configuration in which login is carried out by using service right data for each medium identifier of a secure storage medium, unless a dishonest person uses the secure storage medium, it is impossible to log in even if the dishonest person copies authentication information. Further, provided that the secure storage medium is distributed to every signal person belonging to a corporate body, it can be applied to corporate users in the same way as individual users.
摘要:
An optical switch has an optical waveguide whose output path of an optical signal branches into two, a carrier injection section which is provided to a branch portion of the optical waveguide and to which carriers are injected, and a refractive index change section which is provided to a optical waveguide layer of the optical waveguide and in which a refractive index changes in a case that carrier are injected to the carrier injection section, wherein the refractive index change section includes a quantum well layer.
摘要:
An optical path control device includes a hole formed perpendicularly to the plane of a substrate, an optical waveguide formed on the substrate to cover the hole, an upper electrode formed on the optical waveguide above the hole, a lower electrode formed on a bottom part of the hole, and a voltage application unit for applying a voltage between the upper and lower electrodes. As the applied voltage is controlled to change an electrostatic attraction force between the upper and lower electrodes and the magnitude of flexure of the waveguide is thus changed, the traveling direction of light can be changed into an arbitrary direction.
摘要:
In an optical switch, a carrier-accumulating layer in which injected carriers are accumulated is provided on a semiconductor substrate having a waveguide formed thereon so that injected effective carriers tend to be accumulated in an effective part, and the burden on a driving circuit is thus reduced to realize high-speed operation. At the same time, when a clad on the carrier injection side, of clad layers formed on both sides of the waveguide, is a second clad layer, and a clad on the substrate side is a first clad layer, a third clad layer is formed on the first clad layer to reduce propagation loss in the waveguide.
摘要:
An object of this invention is to realize a pulse pattern generating apparatus that outputs a test signal of high waveform quality even when the shape of an eye pattern is changed. This invention is an improvement of a pulse pattern generating apparatus that generates a test signal of a predetermined pattern by using plural digital-analog converters and outputs the test signal to a test subject. The apparatus includes: a parameter setting unit for setting values of plural parameters that determine the shape of an eye pattern of the test signal; a storage unit for storing output values to the digital-analog converters corresponding to the values of the parameters; an arithmetic operation unit for calculating output values to the digital-analog converters from the values of the parameters from the parameter setting unit and the output values in the storage unit; and a voltage value setting unit for setting, for the digital-analog converters, voltage values to be outputted from the digital-analog converters on the basis of the result of calculation by the arithmetic operation unit.
摘要:
A multiple focal lens is provided with: a diffraction element having a light incident surface and a light outgoing surface for diffracting a light beam incident from the external to the light incident surface and generating a plurality of diffraction light beams from the light outgoing surface; a light condense element for condensing the generated diffraction light beams respectively onto a plurality of focal points different in position from each other; and a main body for holding said diffraction element and said light condense element. A central axis of said diffraction element and a central axis of said light condense element are offset to each other such that one optical path of one reflection light, which is used for reproducing information, among a plurality of reflection lights of the condensed diffraction light beams reflected from an information record medium on which the information to be reproduced is recorded, and the other optical paths of the other reflection lights among the plurality of reflection lights are offset to each other.
摘要:
An optical pickup apparatus for an information reproducing apparatus is adapted to reproduce one of at least first and second type optical record media which is loaded on the information reproducing apparatus. The first and second type optical record media have distances from surfaces to information record planes different from each other. The optical pickup apparatus is provided with: a light emission device for emitting a reading light; an objective lens for focusing the emitted reading light onto the information record plane of the loaded one of the first and second type optical record media such that a focus condition of the focused reading light is optimum with respect to the first type optical record medium; a correction device for correcting a spherical aberration of the focused reading light with respect to the second type optical record medium due to a difference in the distances from the surfaces to the information record planes between the first and second type optical record media when the second type optical record medium is loaded; and a light receiving device for receiving a reflection light of the focused reading light from the information record plane of the loaded one of the first and second optical record media.
摘要:
A method of forming an organic thin film includes developing organic molecules having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion on a water surface, and compressing the organic molecules thereby to form a monomolecular layer of a predetermined surface pressure. The monomolecular layer is brought into contact with a given substrate. Then, the substrate to which the monomolecular layer is adhered, is pulled at such a rate that the surface pressure is not substantially lowered, thus transferring the monomolecular layer onto the substrate.
摘要:
An elliptical paraboloid, which is a basic surface, has an elliptical section when it is cut by a plane perpendicular to its optical axis, and has a parabolic section when it is cut by a plane including its optical axis. A light source is arranged on the optical axis. A cross sectional curve obtained when a reflecting surface is cut by a plane perpendicular to its optical axis is expressed by a finite-order vector algebraic expression by specifying its end point positions and coefficient vectors. As a result, the reflecting surface is formed as a free surface deviating from the basic surface. Operations for controlling the surface, which are important in forming a cutline, are an operation of making the tangential vector at the end point of the cross sectional curve orthogonal to the position vector, and an operation of twisting the surface. By these operations the light-distribution control is performed so that longitudinally extending peripheries of respective filament images can be flush with one another. Finally, a sharp cutline is formed which is specific to a low beam.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a mercury-free zinc-alkaline battery giving no environmental pollution and having an excellent shelf stability which comprises a corrosion-resistant zinc alloy as an anode active material, an indium compound having appropriate properties, an aqueous alkaline solution as an electrolyte and optionally a fluorine-containing surfactant having the specified chemical structure. The indium compound is indium hydroxide or indium sulfide prepared by neutralizing an aqueous solution of an indium salt. The surfactant has a hydrophilic part of a polyethylene oxide and an oleophilic part of a fluoroalkyl group. The zinc alloy contains a proper amount of at least one of the group of indium, lead, bismuth, lithium, calcium and aluminum. The indium hydroxide or indium sulfide is present in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 wt % and the surfactant in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 wt %, based on the weight of the zinc alloy, respectively. Furthermore, the indium hydroxide and indium sulfide in a powder form contain 60 wt % or more of particles having a particle size of 0.5 to 8 .mu.m. The indium hydroxide has a weight loss of 18 to 30 wt % when thermally decomposed at up to 900.degree. C. and a powdery X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 4.71.+-.0.10 .ANG., 3.98.+-.0.02 .ANG., 3.57.+-.0.10 .ANG. and 2.66.+-.0.02 .ANG..