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公开(公告)号：US5559426A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-24
申请号：US253800
申请日：1994-06-03
申请人： John J. Shea , James A. Bauer , Henry A. Wehrli, III , Denis A. Mueller , Thomas A. Wilsdon , John R. Wilson
发明人： John J. Shea , James A. Bauer , Henry A. Wehrli, III , Denis A. Mueller , Thomas A. Wilsdon , John R. Wilson
IPC分类号： H01H9/56 , H01H33/02 , H01H33/666 , G05B24/02
CPC分类号： H01H33/666 , H01H9/563 , H01H33/022
摘要： A contactor for selectively connecting at least one alternating current (AC) power line to a load and sourcing an AC current having periodic zero crossings includes a fixed contact; a movable contact mechanism; an operating mechanism for engaging and moving the movable contact to an open position in the absence of a closing signal; and a synchronized opening mechanism for disabling the closing signal in synchronization with a zero crossing of the AC current. The operating mechanism is disengaged from the movable contact, in a closed position, by a gap having a predetermined length in order that the contacts are separated at the AC current zero crossing. The contactor may further include a vacuum bottle for enclosing the fixed and movable contact therein. The movable contact may be carried within the vacuum bottle by a bottle stem which protrudes from the bottle and has a surface for engagement by the operating mechanism. The operating mechanism may include a crossbar and an arm having a surface for engaging and moving the bottle stem. The gap may be an overtravel gap between the arm and the bottle stem. The length of the gap may be determined by a length of the bottle stem or, alternatively, by a thickness of the contacts. The synchronized opening mechanism may include an electromagnet which has a coil which is energized in order to generate a closing current and which is deenergized in order to disable the closing current in synchronization with the zero crossing of the AC current. The length of the gap may be determined from a closing velocity of the arm multiplied by a period of the AC current zero crossings. The length of the gap may also be determined from a breakpoint in a plot of an overtravel gap versus contactor contact breaking cycle operations.
摘要翻译： 用于选择性地将至少一个交流（AC）电力线连接到负载并且提供具有周期性零交叉的AC电流的接触器包括固定触点; 可动接触机构; 操作机构，用于在没有闭合信号的情况下将可动触头接合并移动到打开位置; 以及同步打开机构，用于与交流电流的过零点同步地禁用闭合信号。 操作机构在闭合位置通过具有预定长度的间隙从可动触头脱离，以使触点在交流电流过零点处分离。 接触器还可以包括用于将固定和可动触头封闭在其中的真空瓶。 活动触点可以通过从瓶子突出并具有由操作机构接合的表面的瓶杆在真空瓶内承载。 操作机构可以包括横杆和具有用于接合和移动瓶杆的表面的臂。 间隙可以是臂和瓶茎之间的超程间隙。 间隙的长度可以由瓶杆的长度或可选地由接触件的厚度来确定。 同步打开机构可以包括电磁体，其具有被激励以产生闭合电流的线圈，并且为了与AC电流的过零同步而禁用闭合电流而被断电。 间隙的长度可以根据臂的闭合速度乘以交流电流过零的周期来确定。 间隙的长度也可以从超程间隙对接触器接触断裂循环操作的图中的断点确定。
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公开(公告)号：US4893102A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-09
申请号：US230710
申请日：1988-08-08
申请人： James A. Bauer
发明人： James A. Bauer
CPC分类号： H01H50/18 , H01H50/305 , H01F2007/1894
摘要： An electromagnetic contactor or motor controller is taught in which an energy efficient bounceless contact closing operation is utilized. An electromagnetic closing coil voltage is sensed by the contactor control system and compared against a memory menu of stored delay angles for a wide range of sensed voltages. The delay angles are applied to the conduction interval of a triac or similar gated device which is connected in series with the coil for controlling current flow therethrough. Depending upon the voltage sensed the amount of current flowing through the coil on a half cycle by half cycle basis is varied by the control system. The energy supplied to the armature of the electromagnetic closing coil is such that the armature attains a predetermined velocity during its closing operation which predetermined velocity is approximately sufficient to allow the armature to move to its final fixed closed disposition where the air gap between it and a permanent magnet is reduced to zero at a velocity of approximately zero. Generally only that much energy is supplied to the armature which is just needed to close the contacts and no more within practical limits.
摘要翻译： 教导了一种电磁接触器或电动机控制器，其中利用了能量效率的反弹接触闭合操作。 电磁闭合线圈电压由接触器控制系统感测，并与广泛感测电压范围的存储延迟角的存储菜单进行比较。 延迟角被施加到与线圈串联连接的三端双向程序串联或相似门控装置的导通间隔，用于控制电流流过。 根据感测到的电压，通过控制系统改变以半个循环为基准半周期流过线圈的电流量。 提供给电磁关闭线圈的电枢的能量使得电枢在其闭合操作期间达到预定速度，其中预定速度大致足以允许电枢移动到其最终的固定关闭位置，其中它与空气间隙之间的气隙 永磁体以大约为零的速度减小到零。 通常只有很少的能量被供给到电枢，这只是需要关闭触点，而不是在实际的限度内。
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公开(公告)号：US4833565A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US16412
申请日：1987-02-19
CPC分类号： H01H47/22
摘要： An electromagnetic contactor or controller is taught in which the voltage which is impressed across the electromagnetic armature winding is controlled with an algorithm to enhance the closing operation. A microprocessor is utilized to implement the algorithm.
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公开(公告)号：US06619109B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-16
申请号：US09669785
申请日：2000-09-25
IPC分类号： G01M1500
CPC分类号： G01M3/2853 , F01D9/06 , F01D21/003 , F05D2220/31 , F05D2230/80 , G01M3/2869
摘要： An inspection apparatus (40) for in-situ leak testing of the bell seal (30) of a steam turbine (10). The apparatus includes a pair of inflatable bladders (48,52) for defining a sealed volume having the bell seal (30) as its only leakage path. The mass flow rate of pressurized air (70) at various pressures through the bell seal (30) is compared to the known flow rates through a similarly designed bell seal having various degrees of degradation. A camera (60) rotated by motor (62) between the bladders (48,52) provides an indication of the proper positioning of the inspection apparatus (40) and facilitates a visual inspection of the bell seal (30) and retaining nut (42). The inspection apparatus (40) may be inserted into an inlet to the turbine through a disassembled flow control valve without the need for any disassembly of the turbine.
摘要翻译： 一种用于汽轮机（10）的钟形密封件（30）的现场泄漏测试的检查装置（40）。 该装置包括一对可充气气囊（48,52），用于限定具有喇叭密封件（30）作为其唯一泄漏路径的密封容积。 通过钟形密封件（30）的各种压力下的加压空气（70）的质量流量通过具有各种劣化程度的相似设计的钟形密封件与已知的流速进行比较。 由电动机（62）在气囊（48,52）之间旋转的照相机（60）提供了检查装置（40）的适当定位的指示，并且便于对钟形密封件（30）和保持螺母（42）的目视检查 ）。 检查装置（40）可以通过拆卸的流量控制阀插入到涡轮机的入口，而不需要拆卸涡轮机。
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公开(公告)号：US5530613A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US251880
申请日：1994-06-01
摘要： A circuit controller for selectively connecting a power source to a load includes a non-overcurrent protective electrical switching mechanism and a conductive polymer current limiter connected in series with the load for limiting the current which flows through the switching mechanism whenever the power source is selectively connected to the load. The conductive polymer current limiter may include a plurality of parallel conductive polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors. The circuit controller may include an electrical switching mechanism which, under short circuit conditions, remains selectively connected to the load. The short circuit current which is limited by the conductive polymer current limiter continues to flow through the electrical switching mechanism. The switching mechanism may include a contactor having separable contacts, and may further include a circuit interrupter, in order to provide a separate circuit disconnection mechanism. The electrical switching mechanism may have a coil and the circuit controller may include a voltage sensor. The conductive polymer current limiter may have an output which has a voltage substantially less than the voltage of the power source whenever the short circuit current flows from the power source and through the current limiter. The voltage sensor may be connected to the output of the conductive polymer current limiter and may deenergize the coil in order to open the separable contacts of the contactor and disconnect the power source from the load whenever the voltage of the output drops below a predetermined threshold. The contactor may be a motor-starting contactor.
摘要翻译： 用于选择性地将电源连接到负载的电路控制器包括非电流保护电气开关机构和与负载串联连接的导电聚合物限流器，用于限制每当选择性地连接电源时流过开关机构的电流 到负载。 导电聚合物限流器可以包括多个平行导电聚合物正温度系数（PTC）电阻器。 电路控制器可以包括电气开关机构，其在短路条件下保持选择性地连接到负载。 由导电聚合物限流器限制的短路电流继续流过电开关机构。 开关机构可以包括具有可分离触点的接触器，并且还可以包括电路断续器，以便提供单独的电路断开机构。 电气开关机构可以具有线圈，并且电路控制器可以包括电压传感器。 只要短路电流从电源流过电流限制器，导电聚合物限流器可具有的输出电压明显小于电源的电压。 电压传感器可以连接到导电聚合物限流器的输出，并且可以在线圈的电压下降到低于预定阈值以下时断开线圈的电能，以便打开接触器的可分离触点并且断开电源与负载的连接。 接触器可以是马达起动接触器。
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公开(公告)号：US5473495A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-05
申请号：US161017
申请日：1993-12-03
申请人： James A. Bauer
发明人： James A. Bauer
CPC分类号： H02H3/085 , H01H71/123 , H01H2033/163 , H01H9/42
摘要： A combination load controller for controlling application of power to a load such as a motor, has an input terminal coupleable to a power source, and an output terminal coupleable to a load. A conductive polymer and a protective, electromagnetic switch are disposed along a current path between the input and output terminals. The conductive polymer has a relatively low electrical resistance during conduction at nominal currents. The resistance of the conductive polymer increases substantially promptly upon conduction of excessive current, e.g., due to a short-circuit. In this manner the load is protected from even short bursts of excessively high, short-circuit current by the insertion of additional series resistance by the conductive polymer. The electromagnetic switch protects the line and load by opening the current path. The switch includes a current or voltage sensor coupled to a logic controller that opens the switch if over-current or under-voltage conditions persist for a predetermined period.
摘要翻译： 用于控制向诸如电动机的负载施加电力的组合负载控制器具有可耦合到电源的输入端子和可耦合到负载的输出端子。 沿着输入和输出端子之间的电流路径设置导电聚合物和保护性电磁开关。 导电聚合物在额定电流下的导通期间具有相对低的电阻。 导电聚合物的电阻在过量电流的传导时，例如由于短路而显着迅速地增加。 以这种方式，通过由导电聚合物插入额外的串联电阻，负载被保护免受过高的短路电流的短暂爆发。 电磁开关通过打开电流路径来保护线路和负载。 开关包括耦合到逻辑控制器的电流或电压传感器，其在过电流或欠电压状态持续一段预定时间时打开开关。
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公开(公告)号：US4046649A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-06
申请号：US671855
申请日：1976-03-30
CPC分类号： C25D5/18 , C25D11/024 , C25D11/04
摘要： A forward-reverse pulse cycling anodizing and electroplating process power supply wherein the forward-reverse cycle time, the ratio of positive to negative pulses during the cycle time, the width of the individual pulses and the voltages of the pulses are controlled. During the cycle time a series of discrete positive pulses are supplied during the first portion of the cycle, followed by a series of discrete negative pulses during the remainder of the cycle. The cycle is then repeated for as long as the power supply is energized. The discrete pulses supplied are portions of sinusoidal current waves. Triggerable unidirectional current conducting devices, disposed between the alternating current power supply and the electroplating load, are triggered into conduction at a selected point by a firing angle control circuit. Using the disclosed electroplating process power supply it is possible to hard anodize copper bearing aluminum alloys without etching.
摘要翻译： 正向反向脉冲循环阳极氧化和电镀工艺电源，其中控制正向反转周期时间，循环时间期间的正脉冲与负脉冲的比率，各个脉冲的宽度和脉冲的电压。 在循环时间期间，在循环的第一部分期间提供一系列离散的正脉冲，随后是在该周期的剩余时间期间的一系列离散的负脉冲。 只要电源通电就重复该循环。 提供的离散脉冲是正弦电流波的部分。 设置在交流电源和电镀负载之间的可触发的单向电流传导装置在触发角度控制电路的触发点被选定点处被导通。 使用所公开的电镀工艺电源，可以对不含蚀刻的铜轴承铝合金进行硬质阳极氧化处理。
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