Abstract:
The instant invention relates to novel water soluble bis-(triazinylamino)-stilbene optical brightening agents, a process for their preparation and their use for whitening natural and synthetic materials.
Abstract:
Object of the invention is the method for preparing white paper which comprises adding to the pulp mass an aqueous formulation comprising a) at least one optical brightener of formula (I) in which the anionic charge on the brightener is balanced by a cationic charge composed of one or more identical or different cations selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, ammonium which is mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl radical, ammonium which is mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a C1-C4 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl radical, ammonium which is, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a mixture of C1-C4 linear or branched alkylradical and linear or branched hydroxyalkyl radical or mixtures of said compounds, wherein R1 and R1′ may be the same or different, and each is hydrogen, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C4 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, CH2CO2−, CH2CH2CONH2 or CH2CH2CN, R2 and R2′ may be the same or different, and each is C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C4 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, CH2CO2−, CH(CO2−)CH2CO2−, CH(CO2−)CH2CH2CO2−, CH2CH2SO3−, CH2CH2CO2−, CH2CH(CH3)CO2−, benzyl, or R1 and R2 and/or R1′ and R2′, together with the neighboring nitrogen atom signify a morpholine ring; R3 signifies hydrogen, —CO2− or —SO3− and p is 0, 1 or 2, and b) at least one shading dye of formula (II) in which R4 signifies H, methyl or ethyl, R5 signifies paramethoxyphenyl, methyl or ethyl, M signifies a cation selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, ammonium which is mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl radical, ammonium which is mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a C1-C4 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl radical, ammonium which is, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by a mixture of C1-C4 linear or branched alkylradical and linear or branched hydroxyalkyl radical or mixtures of said compounds, c) optionally one or more auxiliaries and d) water.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for measuring a phase fraction of a flow stream are disclosed. An infrared phase fraction meter includes a light source for emitting into a flow stream infrared radiation that includes first and second wavelength bands. The first wavelength band substantially transmits through first and second phases of the flow stream and is substantially absorbed by a third phase. In contrast, the second wavelength band is substantially absorbed by the second phase relative to the first and third phases. One or more detectors simultaneously detect attenuation of the first and second wavelength bands upon the infrared radiation passing through at least a portion of the flow stream, and a phase fraction of the second phase is determined based on the attenuation. As an example, the first, second and third phases are gas, water and oil, respectively, produced from a well.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for measuring a phase fraction of a flow stream are disclosed. An infrared phase fraction meter includes a light source for emitting into a flow stream infrared radiation that includes first and second wavelength bands. The first wavelength band substantially transmits through first and second phases of the flow stream and is substantially absorbed by a third phase. In contrast, the second wavelength band is substantially absorbed by the second phase relative to the first and third phases. One or more detectors simultaneously detect attenuation of the first and second wavelength bands upon the infrared radiation passing through at least a portion of the flow stream, and a phase fraction of the second phase is determined based on the attenuation. As an example, the first, second and third phases are gas, water and oil, respectively, produced from a well.
Abstract:
An automatic optical power management system for use with an optical communications system includes a light source residing in a first circuit pack and adapted to emit light at a nominal power level only absent receipt of an indicator signifying a loss of signal resulting from a fiber discontinuity relating to the first optical fiber, wherein the nominal power level is of sufficient magnitude to violate laser safety guidelines in the event of the fiber discontinuity. A redundant detection system includes a first optical detector residing in the first circuit pack, and a second optical detector residing in a second circuit pack that is optically adjacent to the first circuit. A redundant response system communicates an indicator signifying loss of signal from the first and second optical detectors to the light source upon detection of loss of signal by either detector.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for measuring a phase fraction of a flow stream are disclosed. An infrared phase fraction meter includes a light source for emitting into a flow stream infrared radiation that includes first and second wavelength bands. The first wavelength band substantially transmits through first and second phases of the flow stream and is substantially absorbed by a third phase. In contrast, the second wavelength band is substantially absorbed by the second phase relative to the first and third phases. One or more detectors simultaneously detect attenuation of the first and second wavelength bands upon the infrared radiation passing through at least a portion of the flow stream, and a phase fraction of the second phase is determined based on the attenuation. As an example, the first, second and third phases are gas, water and oil, respectively, produced from a well.
Abstract:
A valve arrangement for a power source is disclosed. The valve arrangement has a first valve element and a second valve element. The valve arrangement also has an actuator configured to drive the first and second valve elements. The valve arrangement further has a planetary gear arrangement interconnecting the actuator and the first and second valve elements.
Abstract:
A mobile device for printing onto a print medium in a print direction, the print medium including first coded data that encodes first information, mobile device comprising: a first sensor for sensing the first coded data; processing means for decoding the coded data and extracting at least the first information; and a printhead for printing onto the print medium, wherein the printhead is controlled to print onto the print medium at least partially on the basis of the extracted first information, and printing does not commence until all of the first information has been extracted.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for measuring a phase fraction of a flow stream are disclosed. An infrared phase fraction meter includes a light source for emitting into a flow stream infrared radiation that includes first and second wavelength bands. The first wavelength band substantially transmits through first and second phases of the flow stream and is substantially absorbed by a third phase. In contrast, the second wavelength band is substantially absorbed by the second phase relative to the first and third phases. One or more detectors simultaneously detect attenuation of the first and second wavelength bands upon the infrared radiation passing through at least a portion of the flow stream, and a phase fraction of the second phase is determined based on the attenuation. As an example, the first, second and third phases are gas, water and oil, respectively, produced from a well.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for utilizing a digital computer to print characters of multiple fonts, both textually and graphically, on a single printer from within a single document [is disclosed]. Existing computer programs provide the capability of printing pre-defined textual characters or graphical characters separately, but not in an integrated manner as is disclosed. Thus, the invention enables printing of a variety of mixed characters, such as international alphabetic characters and complex mathematical characters, within a single document.