Abstract:
An extractor for digital data transmitted at a first determined frequency (f0) through a video channel after a burst of 0s and 1s emitted at a first frequency (f0). A comparator (1) compares the input signal with a threshold level. A threshold level is provided by an up/down counter (12) operating at a frequency (F0) multiple of the first frequency, the up/down counting input of which is connected to the output of the comparator (1), and a digital/analog converter (16) receiving the output of the up/down counter and supplying the threshold level (V.sub.T).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for correcting errors in a data frame including horizontal parity data enabling correction of errors in the rows of the frame based on horizontal syndromes calculated on the rows, and vertical parity data enabling correction of errors in the columns of the frame based on vertical syndromes calculated on the columns. The method includes the steps of calculating, on the fly, the horizontal and vertical syndromes of a current frame on the data of the current frame being received in a slow memory, storing these syndromes in a fast memory area, and, as the data of the next frame are being received in the slow memory, finding the values and positions of the errors of the current frame based on the syndromes stored in the fast memory area.
Abstract:
A Reed-Solomon decoder receives code sequences of M coefficients having a maximum value N, t of which can be corrected. The Reed-Solomon decoder includes 2t polynomial counters successively receiving the M coefficients of each code sequence, the polynomial counter of rank i (i=0,1 . . . 2t-1), providing the coefficient of the term of degree i of a syndrome polynomial. A circuit provides the coefficients of an error locator polynomial from the coefficients of the syndrome polynomial. Another circuit finds the roots of the error locator polynomial by successively trying values .alpha..sup.1 to .alpha..sup.M. The polynomial counter of rank i is preceded by a multiplier by .alpha..sup.(B+i)(N-M), .alpha..sup.B+i being the i-th root of the code generator polynomial.
Abstract:
A convolution decoder includes, for each state S of a shift register receiving an initial signal, an add-compare-select circuit which provides a one-bit decision for selecting either one of states 2S or 2S+1 as a state preceding the current state S. A decoding element traces back the memory according to a path indicated by the decisions stored in the memory in order to restore the succession of states of the initial signal. Each calculation cell associated with a state S further includes means for establishing a complex R-bit decision comprising, by decreasing weight, the one-bit decision of the calculation cell and the R-1 most significant bits of the complex decision established by the cell associated with the selected state 2S or 2S+1.
Abstract:
A circuit that extracts the synchronization signal from a composite video signal. The circuit includes a stage for aligning the low level of the synchronization signal interval with a reference voltage; a stage for detecting the signal suppression level and a comparator for comparing the aligned video signal with a value intermediate between the low level of the synchronization interval and the signal suppression level. The detecting stage includes a second comparator charging or discharging a capacitor depending on the polarity of the voltage difference across its inputs. The ratio Ic/Id between the values of the charging and discharging currents is selected (approximately equal to 8 in one embodiment) to obtain the suitable value Vsup at the second input of the comparator.
Abstract:
The invention relates to compounds based on saturated polyester and cross-linking agent. The compositions comprise a saturated polyester with terminal hydroxyl groups and a cross-linking agent consisting of a dianhydride with ester groups, the product of reaction between a trimellitic anhydride and a diol. Use of the compounds as a binder for powder paints applicable to the automobile, electrical household goods, agricultural machinery and lead industries.
Abstract:
A method for searching a digital transmission having unknown carrier and symbol frequencies in a modulated reception signal, includes performing successive trials of several carrier and symbol frequencies, using decreasing values of the symbol frequency, demodulating the reception signal with the tried carrier frequency, filtering the demodulated signal in a band having a width corresponding to the currently tried symbol frequency, and producing samples of the filtered signal. For each currently tried symbol frequency, forming a complex indicator having a real component and an imaginary component established from the successive samples of the filtered signal such that they have cyclostationary properties and that one of the components tends to cancel when the other component tends towards a relative maximum, building the spectrum of the variation of the complex indicator, searching for a singular spike in the spectrum, and determining the real symbol frequency from the frequency of the spike.
Abstract:
A method for estimating the frequency error of a demodulator for restoring two binary signals carried on two carriers of same frequency but in phase quadrature, including the steps of forming vectors having as components the successive couples of values of the two binary signals; applying to each vector a transform which multiplies by four its angle at least when it is equal to a multiple of &pgr;/4 and which substantially preserves its module; and calculating the average of the transformed vectors. The frequency error is obtained as being the derivative of the angle of the average vector.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method and a corresponding circuit to compute the result of the division, in a Galois field of 2.sup.n =N elements, of a first number A by a second number B, these numbers being encoded on n bits, wherein said method comprises the following steps:a--the production of a first intermediate number S(1) encoded on n bits by the squaring of the first number A,b--the production of a second intermediate number R(1) encoded on n bits by the multiplication of the intermediate number S(1) by the number B,c--the performance n-2 times of the steps a and b, the intermediate numbers produced by multiplication R(j) being successively squared, and the intermediate numbers produced by squaring S(j) being successively multiplied by the second number B, andd--the production of the result S(n) by the squaring of the intermediate number R(n-1) produced by the �n-1!th multiplication.
Abstract:
A device synchronizes an internal signal with respect to a reference signal, each signal comprising pulses normally occurring at a rated frequency. The device uses a phase comparator to analyze the phase of the internal signal and the reference signal and produce one logic state if the phase of the internal signal is in advance of the phase of the reference signal and a second logic state otherwise. A programmable frequency divider divides an internal clock signal by a first number if the phase comparator signal produces the first logic state or by a second number if the phase comparator produces the second logic state. A multiplexer provides the programmable divider with either the first number or the second number depending on the logic state produced the phase comparator. The device also includes a storage element for sequentially storing a predetermined number of the latest logic states of the phase comparator. The device also includes circuitry for decrementing the first number when the latest stored logic states of the phase comparator have a single occurrence of the first logic state and for incrementing the second number when the latest stored logic states of the phase comparator have a single occurrence of the second state.