摘要:
An eggshell catalyst consisting of a hollow cylindrical support body of length 2 to 10 mm, external diameter 4 to 10 mm and wall thickness 1 to 4 mm, and an eggshell, applied to the outer surface of the support body, of catalytically active oxide material of the general formula I, Mo12V2 to 4W0 to 3Cu0.8 to 1.5X10 to 4X20 to 40On (I) in which the variables are each defined as follows: X1=one or more elements of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; X2=one or more elements from the group of Si, Al, Ti and Zr; and n=the stoichiometric coefficient of the element oxygen, which is determined by the stoichiometric coefficients of the elements other than oxygen and the charges thereof in I.
摘要:
A process for long-term operation of a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propene to acrolein, in which the propene present in the reaction gas input mixture is partially oxidized as this gas mixture passes through the fixed catalyst bed which is accommodated in two spatially successive temperature zones A, B, and, in long-term operation, as a measure to counteract the reduction in the quality of the fixed catalyst bed, the temperature of at least one of the two temperature zones is increased such that the difference TB−TA becomes increasingly greater, where TB is the temperature of temperature zone B, and TA the temperature of temperature zone A.
摘要:
A process for starting up a separating process for purifying removal of acrylic acid crystals from a suspension S of crystals thereof in mother liquor with a hydraulic wash column which has a crystal melt circuit including crystal melt space, and a process space and a distributor space which are separated by an end with passages connecting the two spaces, in which the crystal bed is formed for the first time by first filling the crystal melt circuit and, at least partly, the process space with an acrylic acid-comprising startup liquid whose acrylic acid crystal formation temperature is less than or equal to the temperature of the suspension S increased by 15° C., and then continuing the filling of the wash column with the suspension S and optionally with control liquor until the difference between the pressure in the crystal melt space and the pressure in the distributor space falls suddenly, the arithmetic mean of the total waste liquor flow flowing through the filters of the filter tubes of the wash column until this time, based on the area of all filters, being not more than 80 m3/(m2·h).
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic acid by two-stage heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene, in which the propylene source used is a preceding propane dehydrogenation and in which the first oxidation stage is operated with restricted propylene conversion, and unconverted propane and propylene present in the product gas mixture of the second partial oxidation stage are recycled substantially into the preceding propane dehydrogenation.
摘要:
A process for preparing acrylic acid from methanol and acetic acid, in which, in a reaction zone A, the methanol is partially oxidized to formaldehyde in a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction, the product gas mixture A obtained and an acetic acid source are used to obtain a reaction gas input mixture B which comprises acetic acid and formaldehyde and has the acetic acid in excess over the formaldehyde, and the formaldehyde present in reaction gas input mixture B is aldol-condensed to acrylic acid under heterogeneous catalysis in a reaction zone B with acetic acid present in reaction gas input mixture B, and unconverted acetic acid still present alongside the acrylic acid target product in the product gas mixture B obtained is removed therefrom, and the acetic acid removed is recycled into the production of reaction gas input mixture B.
摘要:
A process for operating a continuous removal of a target product X in the form of fine crystals of a liquid phase P comprising the target product X and constituents other than the target product X by cooling suspension crystallization in the secondary chamber of an indirect heat exchanger to which liquid phase P flows continuously with simultaneous continuous flow through the primary chamber of the indirect heat exchanger with a coolant, and continuous withdrawal of a crystal suspension S having a degree of crystallization Y from the secondary chamber in two operating states I and II, wherein the coolant temperature is lower, the mass flow of liquid phase P is greater and the molar proportion of the constituents other than the target product X in the liquid phase P in operating state II is greater than in operating state I.
摘要:
A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is obtained in the shaft by metering an input gas II comprising molecular oxygen upstream of the fixed catalyst bed into an input gas stream I which comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated and is flowing within the shaft toward the fixed catalyst bed.
摘要:
An apparatus for separating crystals from their suspension in contaminated crystal melt with purification, in which a hydraulic wash column has distributor aids in a distributor space.
摘要:
A process for purifying removal of crystals from their suspension in mother liquor by means of a washing column having forced transport in which the process chamber is encased by a metal wall which, on its side facing away from the process chamber, is heated at least along the length of the pure melt zone.
摘要:
A process for preparing shaped catalyst bodies whose active composition is a multielement oxide, in which a finely divided precursor mixture with addition of graphite having a specific particle size is shaped to the desired geometry and then treated thermally.