公开(公告)号：US20120076452A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-29

申请号：US13311854

申请日：2011-12-06

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Edward Michael Dowd

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Edward Michael Dowd

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  B24B1/00 ,  C03C15/00 ,  B23P11/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01D5/3538 ,  G01K11/32 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02052 ,  G02B6/03611 ,  G02B6/03627 ,  G02B6/03644 ,  G02B6/2817 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2826 ,  G02B6/29377 ,  G02B6/4214 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019 ,  Y10T29/49815 ,  Y10T29/49817

摘要： An optical sensor formed from an optical waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding and a large diameter generally D-shaped portion is disclosed. Axial or compressive strain across the D-shaped cross section may be determined by measuring the change in polarization or birefringence of the light output from the sensor. A layer responsive to a parameter may be disposed on a flat portion of the D-shaped portion of the sensor. The refractive index of the layer changes and/or the layer applies a strain on the sensor in response to the parameter. Changes in the refractive index of the layer alters the light output from the sensor, which is measured over time and correlated to the parameter.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种由光波导形成的光学传感器，该光波导具有由包层围绕的至少一个核心和大直径大致D形的部分。 可以通过测量从传感器输出的光的偏振或双折射的变化来确定穿过D形横截面的轴向或压缩应变。 响应于参数的层可以设置在传感器的D形部分的平坦部分上。 层的折射率改变和/或层响应于参数在传感器上施加应变。 层的折射率变化改变了传感器的光输出，其随时间测量并与参数相关。

公开(公告)号：US07437043B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11324759

申请日：2006-01-03

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide 10 having at least one core 12 surrounded by a cladding 14, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension d2 of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating 16 may be impressed in the waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 may be axially compressed which causes the length L of the waveguide 10 to decrease without buckling. The waveguide 10 may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned, e.g., compression-tuned fiber gratings and lasers or other applications. Also, the waveguide 10 exhibits lower mode coupling from the core 12 to the cladding 14 and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings 16 without damaging the waveguide 10. The shape of the waveguide 10 may have other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one core may be used. The core and/or cladding 12,14 may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core 12 may be doped between a pair of gratings 50,52 to form a fiber laser or the grating 16 or may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser within the waveguide 10. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层14围绕的至少一个芯12的波导10，芯以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且所述波导的外波导尺寸d 2大于约0.3mm。 可以在波导10中施加至少一个布拉格光栅16.波导10可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导10的长度L在没有弯曲的情况下减小。 波导管10可用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用，例如压缩调谐的光纤光栅和激光器或其它应用。 此外，波导10表现出从芯12到包层14的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅16时使用更高的光功率，而不损坏波导10.波导10的形状可具有其他几何形状（例如， “狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的核心。 芯和/或包层12,14可掺杂稀土掺杂剂和/或可以是光敏的。 芯12的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅50,52之间以形成光纤激光器或光栅16，或者可以被构造为波导10内的可调DFB光纤激光器或交互光纤激光器。波导 可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型，具体取决于所使用的应用和尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US07209606B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

申请号：US11136144

申请日：2005-05-24

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29359 ,  G02B6/29389

摘要： An optical sensing device including a force-applying assembly for providing a force and a Fabry-Perot (FP) element including a large-diameter waveguide having a core and having a cavity in line with the core, the cavity having reflective surfaces and having an optical path length related to the distance between the reflective surfaces, the FP element being coupled to the force so that the optical path length changes according to the force, the FP element for providing an output optical signal containing information about a parameter that relates to the force. Sometimes the large-diameter waveguide is formed by collapsing a glass tube, having a bore and having an outer diameter of about one millimeter, onto a pair of optical fibers arranged in tandem in the bore and separated by a predetermined distance, and respective end faces of the optical fibers form the cavity and are coated with a wholly or partially reflective material.

摘要翻译： 一种光学传感装置，包括用于提供力的力施加组件和包括具有芯的大直径波导的法布里 - 珀罗（FP）元件，并且具有与所述芯一致的空腔，所述腔具有反射表面并且具有 光路长度与反射表面之间的距离相关联，FP元件被耦合到力，使得光路长度根据力而变化，FP元件用于提供包含关于参数的参数的信息的输出光信号 力。 有时，大直径波导是通过将具有孔径并且具有约1毫米的外径的玻璃管塌陷在一起在孔中并排布置预定距离的一对光纤上而形成的，并且相应的端面 的光纤形成空腔并涂覆有全部或部分反射材料。

公开(公告)号：US06792009B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-14

申请号：US10226944

申请日：2002-08-22

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Timothy J. Bailey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Timothy J. Bailey

IPC分类号： H01S330

CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02176 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/29398 ,  G02B6/4214 ,  G02F1/011 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F1/0128 ,  G02F2201/307

摘要： An optical filter, including a Bragg grating, is compression tuned such that when under one compressional load (or no load) the grating has a first profile and under a second compressional load the grating has a second profile. One application is to allow the grating filter function to be parked optically between channels of a WDM or DWDM optical system.

摘要翻译： 包括布拉格光栅的滤光器被压缩调谐，使得当在一个压缩负载（或无负载）下时，光栅具有第一轮廓，并且在第二压缩载荷下，光栅具有第二轮廓。 一个应用是允许光栅滤波器功能在WDM或DWDM光学系统的通道之间光学停放。

公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US09699940

申请日：2000-10-30

申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

公开(公告)号：US06594410B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09751589

申请日：2000-12-29

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Timothy J. Bailey

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/4215 ,  G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04J14/021 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04J14/0216 ,  H04J14/0219

摘要： A tunable optical filter filters is provided that has a pair of tunable Bragg grating units optically coupled to respective ports of a 4-port circulator for filtering a selected wavelength band or channel of light from a DWDM input light. Each grating unit includes an array of Bragg gratings written or embedded within a respective tunable optical element to provide a tunable optical filter that functions over a wide spectral range greater than the tunable range of each grating element. The reflection wavelengths of the array of gratings of each respective grating element is spaced at a predetermined spacing, such that when a pair of complementary gratings of the grating elements are aligned, the other complementary gratings are misaligned. Both of the optical elements may be tuned to selectively align each complementary grating over each corresponding spectral range.

公开(公告)号：US06519388B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

申请号：US09455865

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/0218

摘要： A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.

摘要翻译： 管状光纤光栅包括光纤10，其具有嵌入其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12嵌入玻璃毛细管20内。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 管20的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅。 纤维10可以至少掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，封装在管20中以形成管封装的压缩调谐光纤激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为包含在该光纤12中的可调DFB光纤激光器。 管20也可以具有内部区域22，该内部区域22远离纤维10逐渐变细，以为纤维10提供应变消除，或者管20可以具有锥形（或凹槽）部分27，其具有外部几何形状 降低到纤维10并提供增加的纤维拉伸强度。 此外，由于包层的直径增加，管20被熔合到光栅位于12处的光纤10，管状光栅12表现出从纤维芯到包层模式的较低模式耦合。

公开(公告)号：US08614852B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-24

申请号：US12876927

申请日：2010-09-07

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B5/18

CPC分类号： G03F7/001 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  G02B5/203 ,  G03H1/18 ,  G03H1/182 ,  G03H2230/10 ,  Y10S359/90 ,  Y10T428/2982 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T436/143333

摘要： An encoded microparticle including an optical substrate including a material that permits light to propagate therethrough. The optical substrate has an elongated body that extends in a direction along a central axis. The optical substrate includes an outer region that extends about the central axis. The encoded microparticle also includes an optically detectable code that is disposed within the optical substrate and extends along the central axis. The outer region surrounds the optically detectable code about the central axis. The optically detectable code is readable when the light propagates through the outer region and is at least one of reflected or filtered by the optically detectable code. Said at least one of reflected or filtered light propagates through the outer region to be detected for reading the optically detectable code.

摘要翻译： 一种编码的微粒，其包括含有允许光从其传播的材料的光学基底。 光学基板具有沿着中心轴线的方向延伸的细长主体。 光学基板包括围绕中心轴线延伸的外部区域。 编码的微粒还包括光学可检测的代码，其设置在光学基底内并沿着中心轴线延伸。 外部区域围绕围绕中心轴的光学检测码。 当光传播通过外部区域并且是由光学可检测的代码反射或过滤的至少一个时，光学可检测的代码是可读的。 所述至少一个反射或滤光的光传播通过待检测的外部区域以读取光学可检测的代码。

公开(公告)号：US07796333B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-14

申请号：US12235834

申请日：2008-09-23

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B5/18

CPC分类号： G03F7/001 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  G02B5/203 ,  G03H1/18 ,  G03H1/182 ,  G03H2230/10 ,  Y10S359/90 ,  Y10T428/2982 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T436/143333

摘要： A method for fabricating microparticles. The method includes providing a removable substrate that has a photosensitive material. The substrate has a plurality of inner regions. Each inner region surrounds a corresponding outer region. The method also includes providing at least one optically detectable code within at least one of the inner regions of the substrate and etching lines into the substrate to create a plurality of microparticles having at least one optically detectable code therein. The microparticles have elongated bodies that extend in an axial direction. The optically detectable codes extend in the axial direction within the microparticles.

摘要翻译： 一种微粒制造方法。 该方法包括提供具有感光材料的可移除基底。 衬底具有多个内部区域。 每个内部区域围绕相应的外部区域。 该方法还包括在衬底的内部区域中的至少一个内部提供至少一个可光学检测的代码，并将蚀刻线蚀刻到衬底中以产生其中具有至少一个光学可检测代码的多个微粒。 微粒具有沿轴向延伸的细长体。 可光学检测的代码沿着微粒内的轴向延伸。

公开(公告)号：US07036379B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-02

申请号：US11104180

申请日：2005-04-12

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G01L9/00 ,  G01J1/34

CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，该光纤被包封在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的传感元件内。 流体阻挡涂层30设置在毛细管壳的外表面上，以防止诸如水分子之类的流体扩散到壳中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。