摘要:
A method for mitigating general corrosion and crack initiation and growth on the surface of a metal components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor. A compound containing a non-noble metal such as zirconium or titanium is injected into the water of the reactor in the form of a solution or suspension. This compound decomposes under reactor thermal conditions to release ions or atoms of the non-noble metal which incorporate in the surfaces of the components, including the interior surfaces of any cracks formed therein. The preferred compounds are zirconium compounds such as zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium nitrate and zirconyl nitrate. Zirconium incorporated in the oxided surface of a metal component will reduce the electrochemical corrosion potential at the surface to a level below the critical potential to protect against intergranular stress corrosion cracking without the addition of hydrogen.
摘要:
A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or oraganometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g., stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.
摘要:
An electrode probe for measuring the electrochemical potential of a surface at a location of interest in a boiling water reactor. The probe has a monolithic sensor configuration built into a single stainless steel mineral insulated (MI) cable. This monolithic sensor can be used as a switch to detect when the appropriate concentration of dissolved hydrogen required to provide IGSCC mitigation is present at any location inside the reactor. Using the sensor switch, it is possible to in situ instantly determine the minimum hydrogen level required to reach the IGSCC protection potential. The sensor configuration consists of a metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2 sensor and a noble metal sensor in a combination wherein the outer sheath of a mineral insulated cable acts as the conductor for the noble metal and the central conductor of the MI cable acts as the conductor for the metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2. The metal/metal oxide/ZrO.sub.2 sensor acts as a reference electrode in the BWR environment (i.e., at constant pH) and the noble metal sensor acts as a hydrogen electrode which responds to the dissolved hydrogen content in the BWR water.
摘要:
A solution or suspension for reducing corrosion of stainless steel components in a water-cooled nuclear reactor. A compound containing a platinum group metal, e.g., palladium, is dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture or suspended in water. The resulting solution or suspension is injected into the water of the reactor. This compound has the property that it decomposes under reactor thermal conditions to release ions/atoms of the platinum group metal which incorporate in or deposit on the oxide film formed on the stainless steel reactor components. The compound may be organic, organometallic (e.g., palladium acetylacetonate) or inorganic in nature.
摘要:
A method for applying an anti-corrosive agent to a reinforcing bar in a cementitious structure. An electrolyte solution containing the anti-corrosive agent is placed in contact with a surface of the structure, and the agent is drawn into and through the structure, into contact with the embedded reinforcing bar, by an electric field.
摘要:
Electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) probe assemblies may be used to monitor ECP of materials due to coolant chemistry in an operating nuclear reactor. Example embodiment assemblies include at least one ECP probe that detects ECP of potentially several different materials, a structural body providing a fluid flow path for the coolant over the ECP probes, and a signal transmitter that transmits or carries ECP data to an external receiver. The ECP probes may be of any number and/or type, so as to detect ECP for different component materials, including stainless steel, a zirconium alloys, etc. The ECP probes may further detect ECP due to ion concentration, pH, etc. The ECP data may be transmitted through wired or wireless signal transmitters. Example methods include installing and using example embodiment ECP probe assemblies in nuclear reactors and facilities.
摘要:
Composite particle comprising a zinc containing compound such as zinc oxide and a noble metal such a platinum, and process for fabrication thereof. The particles facilitate simultaneous controlled introduction of the zinc and noble metal species into a nuclear reactor.
摘要:
A method of reducing hydrogen absorption in fuel assembly components fabricated from zirconium alloys in a nuclear reactor is provided. The method includes, in an exemplary embodiment, depositing at least one noble metal on at least one surface of the fuel assembly component. Depositing at least one noble metal includes exposing the zirconium alloy fuel assembly components, outside the nuclear reactor, to an aqueous solution including at least one compound containing at least one noble metal.
摘要:
A method of monitoring process parameters and process effectiveness over a global network enables multiple processing sites to utilize globally compiled field data to determine process parameters and the like. Application parameters are received from multiple processing sites over the global network, and post-application data is received from the multiple processing sites at preset time intervals. The application parameters and the post-application data are analyzed to determine analytical models for future application parameters, which are accessible by system users via the global network.
摘要:
An alloy component having an oxide film formed on its surface. The oxide film has atoms of a metal incorporated therein by a process comprising immersing the alloy surface in high-temperature water in which compound containing the metal is dissolved. The metal has the property of increasing the corrosion resistance of the alloy when incorporated in the oxide film. The compound has the property that it decomposes in the high-temperature water to release atoms of the metal which incorporate in the oxide film.