摘要:
An electronic control apparatus that performs feedback control on a fuel injection command value to make an air-fuel ratio come to match a target air-fuel ratio increase-corrects an intake air amount and retard-corrects an ignition timing, together with decrease-correcting the fuel injection command value in the feedback control, and then performs an abnormality detection of a fuel system based on a retard-correction amount of the ignition timing at that time.
摘要:
It is determined whether a short-run rule can be adapted into a position, where a via cell is parallel and adjacent to a portion of wiring or another via cell. The via cell and the portion of the wiring is arrayed at the smallest space in the wiring. When determined that the short-run rule can be adapted thereinto, via cell data is created. The via cell data includes a via margin which is so reduced in size that the via margin can be equal to or larger than the wiring minimum space. With the created via cell data, automatic layout and wiring is performed. The via cell data is replaced with art-work data including a via cell with an original via margin, so as to be output.
摘要:
A knocking control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which is applied to an internal combustion engine including a variable valve mechanism that can vary a valve characteristic of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and which changes an engine control amount based on a result of a knocking determination as to whether knocking occurs, includes a controller which performs the knocking determination as to whether knocking occurs based on an output signal from a knock sensor that detects a vibration occurring in the internal combustion engine, and which changes a mode of the knocking determination according to a change in a combustion state of an air-fuel mixture, the change being caused by a change in the valve characteristic.
摘要:
A memory card installing device has a memory card installing portion that includes a connector. The installing device also includes a lid for opening and closing the memory card installing portion and a connector cover for covering the connector when the memory card is not installed in a predetermined position and the lid is closed.
摘要:
There is disclosed a polyphenylene sulfide resin composition which comprises: (a) 100 parts by weight of a polyphenylene sulfide resin; and (b) from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of finely divided calcium carbonate having a mean particle size of less than about 0.5 .mu.m and a BET surface area of greater than about 15 m.sup.2 /g. The resin composition is improved in that it exhibits no or little corrosive action on metals and that it shows excellent mechanical strength.
摘要:
A poly(phenylene sulfide) material containing predominantly para-phenylene sulfide structural units and having a melt viscosity of at least 5 poises (at 300.degree. C.) may be treated or reacted with an alkali metal sulfide and/or hydrosulfide in a polar aprotic solvent at a relatively low temperature in the range of 150.degree.-230.degree. C. so as to introduce an increased amount of reactive thiolate or thiol end groups to the polymer molecule and hence to enhance the reactivity of the polymer material. The thus modified and highly reactive poly(phenylene sulfide) material exhibits an improved compatibility with other polymers and is expected to be useful in preparation of polymer alloys of improved or modified physical and chemical properties.
摘要:
A process for producing a polyphenylene sulfide ketone polymer comprising reacting a dihalogen compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein X and X', which may be the same or different, each represents a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, with an alkali metal sulfide in a polar solvent in such a way that the alkali metal sulfide is not deprived of free water or the water of hydration in the polar solvent before polymerization is started, and that the reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of from 80.degree. to 170.degree. C. in the initial period of polymerization until the percentage of residual unreacted dihalogen compound is reduced to 2% or below, with the subsequent reaction being performed at a temperature in the range of from 200.degree. to 345.degree. C.
摘要:
A method for purifying N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone containing thiophenol and/or diphenyl disulfide is disclosed, comprising adding a polyhalogenated aromatic compound and an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkali metal carbonate to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone containing thiophenol and/or diphenyl disulfide, heat treating the mixture, and subjecting the mixture to separation by distillation. The thiophenol and/or diphenyl disulfide can be removed with ease and at low cost.
摘要:
In a process for preparing polyarylene sulfides by reacting a dihalo-aromatic compound with a sulfur source in an organic amide solvent in the presence of an alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid as a polymerization aid or assistant, a specific class of carboxylic acids are employed for preparing the alkali metal salt polymerization aid. The specific carboxylic acids are of the general formula: R(COOH).sub.n (wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 organic radical and n is an integer not less than 1) and have a solubility of not less than 3 g/100 ml in ethanol at 20.degree. C. Use of such a carboxylic acid in the process permits the recovery thereof from the polymerization mixture to be effected with significantly improved efficiency.
摘要:
A polyarylene sulfide having a low content of electrolytic ions is economically recovered from a mixture consisting mainly of polyarylene sulfide and an alkali metal halide which mixture is obtained by reacting a polyhalogenated aromatic compound and an alkali metal sulfide containing water in an organic polar solvent, by dehydrating the mixture by distillation, mixing the dehydrated mixture with a solvent which is a poor solvent for both polyarylene sulfide and alkali metal halide and which is soluble in the organic polar solvent to prepare a slurry consisting essentially of the polyarylene sulfide and the alkali metal halide, subjecting the slurry to solid-liquid separation, washing the resultant cake with the poor solvent, drying the cake, adding water to the cake to wash away the alkali metal halide through dissolution, and subjecting the slurry to solid-liquid separation to recover polyarylene sulfide. Such a polyarylene sulfide is particularly useful for use in electronic and electric components and molded articles such as films, sheets and fibers.