公开(公告)号：US06296964B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09472387

申请日：1999-12-23

申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

IPC分类号： H01M802

CPC分类号： H01M8/0254 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  Y02E60/523

摘要： The fuel utilization of a direct methanol fuel cell is enhanced for improved cell efficiency. Distribution plates at the anode and cathode of the fuel cell are configured to distribute reactants vertically and laterally uniformly over a catalyzed membrane surface of the fuel cell. A conductive sheet between the anode distribution plate and the anodic membrane surface forms a mass transport barrier to the methanol fuel that is large relative to a mass transport barrier for a gaseous hydrogen fuel cell. In a preferred embodiment, the distribution plate is a perforated corrugated sheet. The mass transport barrier may be conveniently increased by increasing the thickness of an anode conductive sheet adjacent the membrane surface of the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提高直接甲醇燃料电池的燃料利用率，以提高电池效率。 在燃料电池的阳极和阴极处的分布板被配置成在燃料电池的催化膜表面上均匀地分布反应物。 在阳极分配板和阳极膜表面之间的导电片形成相对于气态氢燃料电池的质量传递屏障大的甲醇燃料的质量传递屏障。 在优选实施例中，分配板是穿孔波纹片。 可以通过增加邻近燃料电池的膜表面的阳极导电片的厚度来方便地增加质量传递屏障。

公开(公告)号：US20050084720A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10688433

申请日：2003-10-17

申请人： Juan Becerra ,  Frank Kovacs ,  Xiaoming Ren

发明人： Juan Becerra ,  Frank Kovacs ,  Xiaoming Ren

IPC分类号： C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/00 ,  C10L7/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 ,  C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04208 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T137/86276

摘要： The present invention provides a gel fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure. One embodiment of the composition includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the gel fuel when needed. In accordance with the invention, a fuel cell cartridge is provided that has at least one aspect that is methanol-permeable, and which may include a fuel vapor permeable layer and it may be comprised of one of a number of various alternative materials. Features within the fuel cartridge can be used to increase surface area of the gel fuel, and to maintain the gel fuel in a desired location within the cartridge.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种凝胶燃料，其包括保持在聚合物结构中的燃料物质。 组合物的一个实施方案包括纯甲醇，其中加入增稠物质，例如以商品名Carbopol销售的增稠物质，以赋予粘度以及稳定和悬浮性能。 除了增稠物质之外，可以加入另外的物质以在需要时平衡凝胶燃料的pH。 根据本发明，提供一种燃料电池盒，其至少具有一个方面是甲醇可渗透的，并且其可以包括燃料蒸气可渗透层，并且其可以由许多各种替代材料中的一种构成。 燃料盒内的特征可用于增加凝胶燃料的表面积，并将凝胶燃料保持在药筒内的所需位置。

公开(公告)号：US20100099005A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-22

申请号：US12451301

申请日：2007-05-15

申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Paolo Bert

发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Paolo Bert

IPC分类号： H01M2/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/04141 ,  H01M8/083 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/523

摘要： A direct hydrocarbon fuel cell device pertaining direct electro-oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels at the anode, which is separated electronically from the cell cathode by an alkaline medium, together with a fuel container, fuel delivery, and reaction product releasing system is disclosed. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that highly concentrated fuel is added to the cell anode chamber and transformed into fuel vapor through a fuel vapor permeable membrane before the fuel reaches the cell anode. At the cell anode, the hydrocarbon fuel is consumed and at the cell cathode oxygen reduction takes place, and water as one of the fuel cell reaction products is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. Compared to the prior art, the present invention for a direct hydrocarbon fuel cell is more suitable for portable electronics applications by maximizing the energy content in the fuel package, optimizing the fuel cell performance while minimizing the control system complexity, and lowering the cost by using non-noble metal based catalysts while achieving the needed fuel cell performance and conversion efficiency.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种直接碳氢化合物燃料电池装置，其特征在于，在燃料容器，燃料输送和反应产物释放系统的同时，通过碱性介质与电池阴极电绝缘在阳极处的碳氢化合物燃料的直接电氧化。 燃料电池的构造方式是，在燃料到达电池阳极之前，将高度浓缩的燃料添加到电池阳极室中并通过燃料蒸气透过膜转化成燃料蒸气。 在电池阳极处，碳氢化合物燃料被消耗，并且在电池阴极处发生氧还原，并且作为燃料电池反应产物之一的水在电池阴极被蒸发掉，使得不需要在电池的再循环未反应的燃料 阳极或水在电池阴极。 与现有技术相比，用于直接碳氢化合物燃料电池的本发明更适用于便携式电子应用，通过最大化燃料封装中的能量含量，优化燃料电池性能，同时最小化控制系统的复杂性，并通过使用降低成本 非贵金属基催化剂，同时实现所需的燃料电池性能和转化效率。

公开(公告)号：US20050081924A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10842337

申请日：2004-05-10

申请人： Michael Manning ,  Ashish Modi ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena Guleserian

发明人： Michael Manning ,  Ashish Modi ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena Guleserian

IPC分类号： C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 ,  C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04208 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T137/86276

摘要： A fuel reservoir having a reticulated material, generally a felt or a foam, disposed therein is provided. The addition of this reticulated material, either alone or in combination with a viscous fuel, assists the prevention of undesired flow of the fuel, the minimization of undesired leakages, and assists in orientation independence and uniform distribution of the fuel in the reservoir. The reticulated material enables the use of a viscous liquid fuel that has fuel diffusion rates and fuel utilization characteristics that approach those of neat liquid methanol. The material also helps create a greater surface area for evaporation, thus allowing a highly concentrated, vaporous fuel substance to be delivered to an associated fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种设置在其中的具有网状材料（通常为毡或泡沫）的燃料储存器。 单独或与粘性燃料组合的这种网状材料的添加有助于防止燃料的不期望的流动，最小化不期望的泄漏，并且有助于取向独立性以及燃料在储层中的均匀分布。 网状材料能够使用具有接近纯液体甲醇的燃料扩散速率和燃料利用特性的粘性液体燃料。 该材料还有助于产生更大的蒸发表面积，从而允许将高度浓缩的汽化燃料物质输送到相关联的燃料电池。

公开(公告)号：US07419731B2

公开(公告)日：2008-09-02

申请号：US10842337

申请日：2004-05-10

申请人： Michael P. Manning ,  Ashish K. Modi ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena A. Guleserian

发明人： Michael P. Manning ,  Ashish K. Modi ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena A. Guleserian

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 ,  C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04208 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T137/86276

摘要： A fuel reservoir having a reticulated material, generally a felt or a foam, disposed therein is provided. The addition of this reticulated material, either alone or in combination with a viscous fuel, assists the prevention of undesired flow of the fuel, the minimization of undesired leakages, and assists in orientation independence and uniform distribution of the fuel in the reservoir. The reticulated material enables the use of a viscous liquid fuel that has fuel diffusion rates and fuel utilization characteristics that approach those of neat liquid methanol. The material also helps create a greater surface area for evaporation, thus allowing a highly concentrated, vaporous fuel substance to be delivered to an associated fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种设置在其中的具有网状材料（通常为毡或泡沫）的燃料储存器。 单独或与粘性燃料组合的这种网状材料的添加有助于防止燃料的不期望的流动，最小化不期望的泄漏，并且有助于取向独立性以及燃料在储层中的均匀分布。 网状材料能够使用具有接近纯液体甲醇的燃料扩散速率和燃料利用特性的粘性液体燃料。 该材料还有助于产生更大的蒸发表面积，从而允许将高度浓缩的汽化燃料物质输送到相关联的燃料电池。

公开(公告)号：US07255947B2

公开(公告)日：2007-08-14

申请号：US10688433

申请日：2003-10-17

申请人： Juan J. Becerra ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Xiaoming Ren

发明人： Juan J. Becerra ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Xiaoming Ren

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  C10L7/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 ,  C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04208 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T137/86276

摘要： The present invention provides a gel fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure. One embodiment of the composition includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the gel fuel when needed. In accordance with the invention, a fuel cell cartridge is provided that has at least one aspect that is methanol-permeable, and which may include a fuel vapor permeable layer and it may be comprised of one of a number of various alternative materials. Features within the fuel cartridge can be used to increase surface area of the gel fuel, and to maintain the gel fuel in a desired location within the cartridge.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种凝胶燃料，其包括保持在聚合物结构中的燃料物质。 组合物的一个实施方案包括纯甲醇，其中加入增稠物质，例如以商品名Carbopol销售的增稠物质，以赋予粘度以及稳定和悬浮性能。 除了增稠物质之外，可以加入另外的物质以在需要时平衡凝胶燃料的pH。 根据本发明，提供一种燃料电池盒，其至少具有一个方面是甲醇可渗透的，并且其可以包括燃料蒸气可渗透层，并且其可以由许多各种替代材料中的一种构成。 燃料盒内的特征可用于增加凝胶燃料的表面积，并将凝胶燃料保持在药筒内的所需位置。

公开(公告)号：US20050081429A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10842336

申请日：2004-05-10

申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena Guleserian

发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Lena Guleserian

IPC分类号： C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10 ,  C10L7/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 ,  C10L7/04 ,  H01M8/04208 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T137/86276

摘要： The present invention provides a viscous fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure, where the viscous fuel has benefits over previous fuels, including performance enhancements and desirable physical characteristics. One embodiment of the formulation includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the viscous fuel when needed.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种粘性燃料，其包括保持在聚合物结构中的燃料物质，其中粘性燃料具有优于先前燃料的优点，包括性能增强和期望的物理特性。 制剂的一个实施方案包括纯甲醇，其中加入增稠物质，例如以商品名Carbopol销售的增稠物质，以赋予粘度，以及稳定和悬浮性能。 除了增稠物质之外，还可以添加另外的物质以在需要时平衡粘性燃料的pH。

公开(公告)号：US20090317308A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-24

申请号：US12486758

申请日：2009-06-18

申请人： Xiaoming Ren

发明人： Xiaoming Ren

IPC分类号： B01D53/58 ,  B01J23/00 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/755 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01J29/04 ,  B01J27/22 ,  B01J27/24 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/28 ,  B01J23/30 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/44 ,  B01J23/46 ,  B01J23/50 ,  B01J23/52 ,  B01J23/72 ,  B01J23/14 ,  B01J23/18 ,  B01J23/20 ,  B01J23/22

CPC分类号： B01J35/0006 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/8906 ,  B01J27/26 ,  B01J37/0242 ,  B01J37/086 ,  B01J37/343 ,  C02F1/46176 ,  C02F1/725 ,  C02F1/727 ,  C02F2001/46142 ,  C02F2101/16 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4618 ,  C02F2201/4619

摘要： Catalysts are formulated to resemble a direct ammonia/air fuel cell at short circuit at the nanoscale level to convert ammonia in aqueous solution directly and spontaneously to nitrogen at near or above ambient temperature. The catalyst particle contains a type-A catalyst subparticles for ammonia oxidation to nitrogen, and a type-C catalyst subparticles for oxygen reduction, with the type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles electrically shorted. Advantages realized at the nanoscale level are enhanced conductances for electrons and hydroxyl anions between the neighboring type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles. With the catalysts packed and confined in a catalyst bed in a chemical reactor, the direct conversion of ammonia in an aqueous phase to nitrogen can be carried out continuously for ammonia removal from a water stream in a compact package, and without the high cost arising from constructing and maintaining a bulk electrochemical device, and without the step of exacting the ammonia into gas phase.

摘要翻译： 将催化剂配制成类似于在纳米级水平下短路的直接氨/空气燃料电池，以将水溶液中的氨直接并自发地转化为接近或高于环境温度的氮。 催化剂颗粒含有用于氨氧化成氮的A型催化剂子颗粒和用于氧还原的C型催化剂亚颗粒，其中A型和C型催化剂亚微粒电短路。 在纳米尺度实现的优点是相邻A型和C型催化剂子粒子之间的电子和羟基阴离子的电导率增强。 将催化剂填充并限制在化学反应器中的催化剂床中，可以在水相中将氨在水相中直接转化为氮气，以紧密包装从水流中除去氨，并且不会产生高成本 构建和维持大量电化学装置，并且没有将氨进入气相的步骤。

公开(公告)号：US07314493B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-01

申请号：US10688711

申请日：2003-10-17

申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Frank W. Kovacs

发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Frank W. Kovacs

IPC分类号： C10L1/12 ,  C10L1/18

CPC分类号： C10L1/003 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1216 ,  C10L1/1275 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/301 ,  C10L1/303 ,  F17C11/005

摘要： Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, trimethylborate, and tetramethylorthosilicate. Other additives to improve safety and efficiency of the fuel cell include sulfonated activated carbon particles and metal hydrides, such as LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiBH4, (CH3)2 NHBH3, NaAlH4, B2H6, NaCNBH3, CaH2, LiH, NaH, KH or sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) dihydridaluminate.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于直接甲醇燃料电池的燃料混合物。 燃料包括与水反应以产生甲醇的甲醇和添加剂，以及其它易于电氧化的化合物，包括二甲氧基甲烷，原甲酸甲酯，原碳酸四甲酯，硼酸三甲酯和原硅酸四甲酯。 提高燃料电池的安全性和效率的其它添加剂包括磺化活性炭颗粒和金属氢化物，例如LiAlH 4，NaBH 4，LiBH 4，/ >，（CH 3 3）2 NHBH 3，NaAlH 4，B 2， H 6，NaCNBH 3，CaH 2，LiH，NaH，KH或双（2-甲氧基乙氧基）二氢铝酸钠。

公开(公告)号：US07297430B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-20

申请号：US10262167

申请日：2002-10-01

申请人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren

发明人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren

IPC分类号： H01M4/94

CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/92

摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer for delivering a fuel mixture to the anode face of a catalyzed membrane and for resisting flow of carbon dioxide produced in the anodic reaction back into the associated fuel chamber. The diffusion layer contains either conduits or channels on one aspect thereof to redirect the carbon dioxide generated at the anode in the fuel cell reaction away from the catalyzed membrane and away from the fuel chamber. This avoids the volume replacement by carbon dioxide of fuel mixture in the anode chamber and enhances the concentration of methanol that can be used in the fuel mixture. It also serves to allow only that fuel that is consumed in the reaction to enter the space between the anode face of the catalyzed membrane and the diffusion layer adjacent thereto. The diffusion layer further includes perforations to increase the ability to deliver fuel to the anode aspect of the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the perforations can comprise Nafion-filled capillaries.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池扩散层，用于将燃料混合物输送到催化膜的阳极面并且用于抵抗在阳极反应中产生的二氧化碳的流动返回到相关联的燃料室中。 扩散层在其一个方面包含导管或通道，以将在燃料电池反应中的阳极处产生的二氧化碳重新定向远离催化膜并远离燃料室。 这避免了在阳极室中燃料混合物的二氧化碳的体积更换并且提高了可用于燃料混合物中的甲醇的浓度。 它还用于仅允许在反应中消耗的燃料进入催化膜的阳极面和与其相邻的扩散层之间的空间。 扩散层还包括穿孔，以增加将燃料输送到燃料电池的膜电极组件的阳极方面的能力。 根据本发明的另一方面，穿孔可以包括填充Nafion的毛细管。