Abstract:
A metal interconnect structure includes a plurality of first plugs adjacent to each other, a first metal line extending in a first direction and contacting each first plug to form a first section with a tapered second section in between, and a second plug adjacent to the second section, both in a second direction normal to the first direction.
Abstract:
A method is provided for simulating and/or demonstrating and/or enhancing photoactive properties, such as hydrophilicity, of a surface, such as a photoactive surface. One embodiment includes providing a photoactive surface and applying a peroxide-containing material, such as an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, over at least a portion of the surface. An optional resinous layer, such as an at least partly hydrolyzed polymethoxysiloxane layer, can be applied over the surface. A kit to practice the method and an article made using the method are also provided.
Abstract:
A control device includes a control module controlling a polarity switching unit connected electrically to a motor unit of a food processor to provide a first current path for an input power signal through the motor unit when the control module is operated in a processing mode, and further controlling the polarity switching unit to provide a second current path for the input power signal through the motor unit when the control module is operated in a braking mode. A power control unit is connected electrically to the motor unit and the control module, and controls the power control unit such that the power control unit reduces an amount of the input power signal that flows through the second current path during a braking period when the control module is operated in the braking mode.
Abstract:
Multi-layer coatings are disclosed that include (a) a first layer deposited from at least one composition that includes a polymeric composition, and (b) a second layer applied over at least a portion of the first layer in which the second layer is deposited from at least one liquid composition that includes (i) a photocatalytic material, and (ii) a binder that is hydrophilic and comprises an essentially completely hydrolyzed organosilicate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with such multi-layer coatings, methods of applying such multi-layer coatings to a substrate and methods of making a painted surface easy-to-clean.
Abstract:
Multi-layer coatings are disclosed that include (1) a first layer comprising an inorganic oxide network, and (2) a second layer applied over at least a portion of the first layer, wherein the second layer is deposited from at least one liquid composition that is hydrophilic and includes an essentially completely hydrolyzed organosilicate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with such multi-layer coatings, methods of applying such multi-layer coatings to a substrate and methods for improving the anti-fouling, self-cleaning, easy-to-clean, and/or anti-fogging properties of an article.
Abstract:
An electrochromic aircraft window assembly includes: a) an outboard pane assembly; and b) a fog preventing electrochromic pane assembly spaced from the outboard pane assembly and defining a chamber therebetween, the fog preventing electrochromic pane assembly having: i) a first substrate having a first surface including a first conductive coating and a second surface including a second conductive coating; ii) a second substrate spaced from the first substrate, the second substrate having a first surface including a third conductive coating, the second surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate facing each other in spaced-apart relation to define a chamber therebetween; iii) an electrochromic medium contained in the chamber and in contact with the second and the third conductive coatings, the electrochromic medium having a luminous transmittance that varies upon application of an electrical potential through the electrochromic medium; iv) facilities for applying electrical current to the first conductive coating to heat the first conductive coating, thereby preventing fogging of the window assembly; and v) facilities for applying electrical current to the second and the third conductive coatings to establish the electrical potential through the electrochromic medium and vary the variable luminous transmittance of the electrochromic medium.
Abstract:
An ultraviolet radiation resistant coating is disclosed comprising cerium oxide in an inorganic oxide matrix formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of an organoalkoxysilanie and/or other metal alkoxide in combination with the reaction product of cerium oxide and tetraalkylsilicate.
Abstract:
Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and a method of making them by reaction of organic monomers with organofunctional alkoxysilanes are disclosed.
Abstract:
A method for dry-spinning a metal alkoxide sol to form fibers which may be gathered and wound in a conventional manner, wherein the atmosphere in the spin chamber comprises ammonia to dry the fibers to a non-sticky state.
Abstract:
An organoalkoxysilane/metal oxide sol-gel composition and method for its production are disclosed whereby an organoalkoxysilane of the general formulaR.sub.x Si(OR').sub.4-xwherein R is an organic radical, R' is a low molecular weight alkyl radical, and x is at least 1 and less than 4, is partially hydrolyzed in organic solution and reacted with a titanium or zirconium alkoxide of the general formula M(OR").sub.4 wherein M is titanium or zirconium and R" is a lower alkyl radical. The composition is hydrolyzed, dried and condensed to form an organosiloxane/metal oxide abrasion-resistant coating on a substrate.