公开(公告)号：US09221694B1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-29

申请号：US14537117

申请日：2014-11-10

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews

IPC: B01D1/00 ,  B01D3/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F101/10

CPC classification number: C02F1/042 ,  B01D1/0041 ,  B01D1/0082 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D5/006 ,  C02F1/041 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/445 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2305/00 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02A20/131

Abstract: Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.

Abstract translation: 通常描述在进行脱盐的水处理系统中的选择性缩放。 根据某些实施例，通过调节一个或多个系统参数（例如水处理系统内的盐水流的温度和/或流速）来控制在水处理系统内形成固体垢的位置。

公开(公告)号：US20150329377A1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-19

申请号：US14718184

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  B01D5/00

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F6/12 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

公开(公告)号：US20150190731A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-09

申请号：US14667148

申请日：2015-03-24

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01F3/04

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F6/12 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

公开(公告)号：US20150190730A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-09

申请号：US14667113

申请日：2015-03-24

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01F3/04

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F6/12 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

公开(公告)号：US20150060286A1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-05

申请号：US14452387

申请日：2014-08-05

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: C02F9/00 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/38 ,  C02F1/44

CPC classification number: C02F9/00 ,  B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/16 ,  B01D65/08 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C02F1/283 ,  C02F1/38 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/10 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2209/01 ,  C02F2303/22

Abstract: Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain of the water treatment systems and methods described herein can be used to pre-treat an aqueous stream that is subsequently transported to a desalination apparatus and/or post-treat an aqueous stream that has been produced by a desalination apparatus.

Abstract translation: 通常描述水处理系统和相关方法。 本文所述的某些水处理系统和方法可用于预处理随后运送至脱盐装置的水流，和/或后处理由脱盐装置产生的含水流。

公开(公告)号：US20230415068A1

公开(公告)日：2023-12-28

申请号：US18461911

申请日：2023-09-06

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/22 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01F23/20 ,  B01F23/21 ,  B01F23/231 ,  F24F6/12

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  C02F1/048 ,  B01F23/20 ,  B01F23/214 ,  B01F23/231 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  F24F6/12 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  Y02W10/37 ,  Y02A20/124 ,  C02F2103/08

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

公开(公告)号：US20220168664A1

公开(公告)日：2022-06-02

申请号：US17516078

申请日：2021-11-01

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: B01D3/16 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F7/00

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to hybrid desalination systems and associated methods. The hybrid desalination system can comprise a first desalination unit comprising a reverse osmosis unit and a second desalination unit fluidically connected to the first desalination unit, wherein the second desalination unit comprises a humidification-dehumidification desalination apparatus. The present disclosure is also related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.

公开(公告)号：US11052326B2

公开(公告)日：2021-07-06

申请号：US16882608

申请日：2020-05-25

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01F3/04 ,  C02F1/26 ,  B01D3/42 ,  F28F27/00 ,  F28B1/02 ,  F28C1/02 ,  C02F1/00 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F1/10 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28D21/00 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.

公开(公告)号：US10981082B2

公开(公告)日：2021-04-20

申请号：US16382307

申请日：2019-04-12

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/52

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

公开(公告)号：US10688409B2

公开(公告)日：2020-06-23

申请号：US16268643

申请日：2019-02-06

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01F3/04 ,  C02F1/26 ,  B01D3/42 ,  F28F27/00 ,  F28B1/02 ,  F28C1/02 ,  C02F1/00 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F1/10 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28D21/00 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.