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公开(公告)号：US5348566A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-20
申请号：US969905
申请日：1992-11-02
CPC分类号： B22D23/10 , B22D41/14 , B22D41/60 , B22F9/08 , B22F2009/0852 , B22F2009/0856 , B22F2009/0892
摘要： A method of electroslag refining of metal is taught. The method starts with the introduction of unrefined metal into an electroslag refining process in which the unrefined metal is first melted at the upper surface of the refining slag. The molten metal in the form if droplets is refined as it passes through the molten slag. The refined metal droplets are collected in a cold hearth apparatus having a skull of refined metal formed on the surface of the cold hearth and protecting the cold hearth from the leaching action of the refined molten metal. A cold finger bottom pour spout is formed at the bottom of the cold hearth to permit dispensing of molten refined metal from the cold hearth. The rate of flow of molten metal through the cold finger apparatus is controlled by controlling the rate of melting of the unrefined metal; by controlling the hydrostatic head of molten metal and salt above the bottom pour cold finger orifice; by controlling the rate of induction heat supplied to the metal within the cold finger apparatus; by controlling the rate of heat removal from the metal within the cold finger apparatus through the cold finger apparatus itself and through adjacent gas cooling means; and by applying force to slow down and/or interrupt the flow of metal through the cold finger apparatus.
摘要翻译： 教授了电渣精炼金属的方法。 该方法开始于将未精制金属引入电渣精炼工艺中，其中未精制金属首先在精炼炉渣的上表面熔化。 如果液滴在通过熔融炉渣时被精炼，则形式为熔融金属。 将精制金属液滴收集在具有形成在冷室的表面上的精制金属颅骨的冷炉底装置中，并保护冷却炉免受精炼熔融金属的浸出作用。 在冷底部的底部形成冷手指底部倒出口，以允许从冷底座分配熔融精炼金属。 熔融金属通过冷指装置的流量通过控制未精制金属的熔化速度来控制; 通过控制熔融金属和盐的静水压头在底部冷冷指孔上; 通过控制供应给冷指装置内的金属的感应热的速率; 通过控制冷指装置内的金属通过冷指装置本身并通过相邻的气体冷却装置的散热速率; 并通过施加力来减慢和/或中断通过冷指装置的金属流动。
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公开(公告)号：US5332197A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-26
申请号：US969900
申请日：1992-11-02
申请人： Mark G. Benz , Thomas F. Sawyer
发明人： Mark G. Benz , Thomas F. Sawyer
CPC分类号： B22F9/08 , C22B9/18 , B22F2009/0852 , B22F2009/0856 , B22F2998/00
摘要： A method for the electroslag refining of titanium base alloy is provided. The method involves providing a refining vessel to contain an electroslag refining layer floating on a layer of molten refined metal. An ingot of unrefined titanium base alloy having a higher nitrogen content is lowered into the vessel into contact with the molten electroslag layer. A refining current is passed through the slag layer to the ingot to cause surface melting at the interface between the ingot and the electroslag layer. As the ingot is surface melted at its point of contact with the slag, droplets of the unrefined metal are formed and these droplets are refined as they pass down through the slag and are collected in a body of molten refined metal beneath the slag. The refined metal is held within a cold hearth. At the bottom of the cold hearth, a cold finger orifice is provided to permit the withdrawal of refined metal from the cold hearth apparatus. The refined metal passes from the cold finger orifice as a stream and may be processed into a sound metal structure having low nitrogen content and desired grain structure.
摘要翻译： 提供了钛基合金电渣精炼方法。 该方法包括提供精炼容器以容纳漂浮在熔融精炼金属层上的电渣精炼层。 将具有较高氮含量的未精制钛基合金锭放入容器中与熔融电渣层接触。 精炼电流通过熔渣层到锭，以在锭和电渣层之间的界面处引起表面熔化。 当锭在与炉渣接触点处表面熔化时，形成未精制金属的液滴，并且当它们向下通过炉渣时，这些液滴被精炼，并且被收集在炉渣下面的熔融精炼金属体中。 精炼的金属被放在一个冷的炉膛内。 在冷炉底部设有冷指孔以允许精制金属从冷床装置中取出。 精制金属作为流从冷指孔通过，并且可以被加工成具有低氮含量和期望的晶粒结构的声音金属结构。
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33.发明授权Clad structural member with NbTiAl high Hf alloy cladding and niobium base metal core 失效包层结构件，NbTiAl高Hf合金包层和铌基底金属芯
公开(公告)号：US5306570A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-26
申请号：US953911
申请日：1992-09-30
申请人： Melvin R. Jackson , Mark G. Benz , John R. Hughes
发明人： Melvin R. Jackson , Mark G. Benz , John R. Hughes
CPC分类号： C22C49/10 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12806
摘要： Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based cladding alloy are provided. The cladding is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expression:Nb balance-Ti32-45-Al-3-18-Hf-8-15.The reinforcement may be in the form of plates, sheets or rods of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based reinforcing alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.
摘要翻译： 提供了具有较高密度，更强的增强铌基合金嵌入较低密度的复合结构，较低强度的铌基包层合金。 根据Nb平衡-Ti32-45-Al-3-18-Hf-8-15的形式，包层优选为具有铌和钛基的合金。 加强件可以是较高强度，较高温度的铌基增强合金的板，片或棒的形式。 在基质和强化物中都存在相同的晶体形式，特别是体心立方晶体形式。
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34.发明授权Composite structure with NbTiAl and high Hf alloy matrix and niobium base metal reinforcement 失效复合结构与NbTiAl和高Hf合金基体和铌基金属增强
公开(公告)号：US5277990A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US815794
申请日：1992-01-02
申请人： Mark G. Benz , Melvin R. Jackson , John R. Hughes
发明人： Mark G. Benz , Melvin R. Jackson , John R. Hughes
CPC分类号： C22C27/02 , C22C30/00 , C22C49/00 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12035 , Y10T428/1216 , Y10T428/12444 , Y10T428/12465 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12819
摘要： Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based alloy are provided. The matrix is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expression:Nb--Ti.sub.32-45 --Al.sub.3-18 --Hf.sub.8-15and the reinforcement may be in the form of strands of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.
摘要翻译： 提供了具有较高密度的复合结构，嵌入较低密度的较强的增强铌基合金，较低强度的铌基合金。 该基体优选为根据Nb-Ti32-45-Al3-18-Hf8-15的铌和钛基的合金，并且增强材料可以是较高强度，较高温度的铌基合金 。 在基质和强化物中都存在相同的晶体形式，特别是体心立方晶体形式。
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35.发明授权Clad structural member with NbTiAlCr HF alloy cladding and niobium base metal core 失效包层结构件采用NbTiAlCr HF合金包层和铌基底金属芯
公开(公告)号：US5273831A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US953702
申请日：1992-09-30
申请人： Melvin R. Jackson , Mark G. Benz , John R. Hughes
发明人： Melvin R. Jackson , Mark G. Benz , John R. Hughes
CPC分类号： C22C49/00 , C22C27/02 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12806 , Y10T428/12812 , Y10T428/12819
摘要： Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based cladding alloy are provided. The cladding is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expression:Nb.sub.balance -Ti.sub.27-40.5 -Al.sub.4.5-10.5 -Hf.sub.1.5-5.5 V.sub.0-6 Cr.sub.4.5-8.5 Zr.sub.0-1 C.sub.0-0.5,where each metal of the metal/metal composite has a body centered cubic crystal structure, andwherein the ratio of concentrations of Ti to Nb (Ti/Nb) is greater than or equal (.gtoreq.) to 0.5, andwherein the maximum concentration of the Hf+V+Al+Cr additives is less than or equal (.ltoreq.) to the expression:16.5+5.times.Ti/Nb.The reinforcement may be in the form of plates, sheets or rods of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based reinforcing alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.
摘要翻译： 提供了具有较高密度，更强的增强铌基合金嵌入较低密度的复合结构，较低强度的铌基包层合金。 包层优选为根据以下表达式具有铌和钛基的合金：Nbbalance-Ti27-40.5-Al4.5-10.5-Hf1.5-5.5V0-6Cr4.5-8.5Zr0-1C0-0.5，其中每种金属 的金属/金属复合体具有体心立方晶体结构，其中Ti与Nb的浓度比（Ti / Nb）大于或等于（> / =）至0.5，其中Hf的最大浓度 + V + Al + Cr添加剂与16.5 + 5×Ti / Nb的表达式小于或等于（<=）。 加强件可以是较高强度，较高温度的铌基增强合金的板，片或棒的形式。 在基质和强化物中都存在相同的晶体形式，特别是体心立方晶体形式。
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36.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5159619A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US760262
申请日：1991-09-16
IPC分类号： H01J35/10
CPC分类号： H01J35/105 , H01J2235/1204 , H01J2235/1237 , H01J2235/1241
摘要： A high performance x-ray tube rotating target having a reactive barier layer between the substrate and the emissive coating and, if desired, a protective layer of molybdenum between the reactive barrier and the emissive coating is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种高性能X射线管旋转靶，其具有在基底和发射涂层之间的反应性重力层，并且如果需要，在反应性屏障和发射涂层之间具有钼的保护层。
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公开(公告)号：US5134040A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US732892
申请日：1991-07-19
IPC分类号： H01L39/02
CPC分类号： H01L39/02 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/927 , Y10T428/12708 , Y10T428/12819
摘要： Superconducting tapes have an inner laminate comprised of a parent-metal layer selected from the group niobium, tantalum, technetium, and vanadium, a superconductive intermetallic compound layer on the parent-metal layer, and a reactive-metal layer that is capable of combining with the parent-metal and forming the superconductive intermetallic compound. A superconducting joint between contiguous tapes comprises, a continuous precipitate of the superconductive intermetallic compound fused to the tapes forming a continuous superconducting path between the tapes.
摘要翻译： 超导带具有由选自铌，钽，锝和钒的母体金属层，母金属层上的超导金属间化合物层和反应性金属层组成的内层叠体，其能够与 母金属并形成超导金属间化合物。 连续带之间的超导接头包括与形成在带之间的连续超导路径的带的熔融的超导金属间化合物的连续沉淀物。
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公开(公告)号：US5082164A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US561439
申请日：1990-08-01
申请人： Lee E. Rumaner , Mark G. Benz , Bruce A. Knudsen
发明人： Lee E. Rumaner , Mark G. Benz , Bruce A. Knudsen
CPC分类号： H01L39/02 , H01R43/02 , Y10S505/925 , Y10S505/927 , Y10T29/49194 , Y10T29/49201
摘要： Superconducting tapes having an inner laminate comprised of a parent-metal layer, a superconductive alloy layer on the parent-metal, a reactive-metal layer, and an outer laminate soldered thereon are joined in a superconducting joint by the method of this invention. The outer laminate, reactive-metal layer, and superconductive alloy layer are removed to form exposed sections of the parent metal layer. The tapes are positioned so that the exposed sections are in contact. Metallurgical bonding, for example by spot welding, forms bridges between the parent-metal layers. The joined exposed sections are heated in a protective atmosphere, and in the presence of excess reactive metal to form a continuous layer of the superconductive alloy on the bridge and the exposed areas that is continuous with the superconductive alloy layer on the superconducting tape. Optionally, sections of the outer laminate material corresponding to the size of the exposed sections are bonded to the outermost surfaces of the joined exposed sections.
摘要翻译： 具有由母金属层，母金属上的超导合金层，反应性金属层和焊接在其上的外层叠体构成的内层叠体的超导带通过本发明的方法接合在超导接头中。 去除外部层压体，反应性金属层和超导合金层以形成母体金属层的暴露部分。 这些带被定位成使得暴露部分接触。 冶金结合，例如通过点焊，在母金属层之间形成桥。 接合的暴露部分在保护气氛中并且在过量的反应性金属的存在下加热，以在桥上形成超导合金的连续层，并且与超导带上的超导合金层连续的暴露区域。 可选地，对应于暴露部分的尺寸的外层压材料的部分被结合到接合的暴露部分的最外表面。
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39.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07203271B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-10
申请号：US11169130
申请日：2005-06-27
申请人： Mark G. Benz , Matthew W. Benz
发明人： Mark G. Benz , Matthew W. Benz
IPC分类号： G01N23/02
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/4042 , A61B6/542
摘要： A system and method for imaging a volume having a detector including a first atomic species with an absorption edge at a first wavelength. The system also includes a source having a second atomic species for emitting an ionizing energy. The second atomic species has a characteristic emission peak that substantially matches the absorption edge of the detector. A filter may be provided for blocking ionizing energy from the source in regions other than a region proximate the characteristic emission peak. Effective imaging with a lower radiation dose may be achieved with the system and method.
摘要翻译： 一种用于对具有检测器的体积成像的系统和方法，所述检测器包括具有第一波长的吸收边缘的第一原子物种。 该系统还包括具有用于发射电离能的第二原子种的源。 第二原子物质具有基本上与检测器的吸收边缘匹配的特征发射峰。 可以提供一种滤波器，用于在除了特征发射峰附近的区域之外的区域中阻挡来自源极的电离能。 利用系统和方法可以实现较低辐射剂量的有效成像。
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公开(公告)号：US5556484A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-17
申请号：US429506
申请日：1995-04-26
摘要： A method of forging Ni-base superalloys is described which avoids the growth of abnormally large grains in the surface region of a forged article. The method involves forging and/or annealing a Ni-base superalloy in a carburizing environment. Forging and/or annealing in a carburizing environment is done to maintain the carbon concentration in the surface region at a level that is sufficient to prevent the depletion of carbides and carbonitrides. The carburizing environment may also be selected so that it is non-oxidizing with respect to aluminum, in order to prevent the depletion of aluminum and the reduction of the .gamma.' phase in the surface region.
摘要翻译： 描述了锻造Ni基超级合金的方法，其避免了锻造制品的表面区域中异常大的颗粒的生长。 该方法包括在渗碳环境中锻造和/或退火Ni基超级合金。 进行渗碳环境中的锻造和/或退火以将表面区域中的碳浓度维持在足以防止碳化物和碳氮化物消耗的水平。 也可以选择渗碳环境使其相对于铝是非氧化的，以便防止铝的消耗和表面区域中的γ'相的减少。
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