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    Shift converter
    31.
    发明授权
    Shift converter 失效
    移位转换器

    公开(公告)号：US06306354B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-23

    申请号：US08651160

    申请日：1996-05-17

    Applicant: Donald F. Szydlowski ,  Thomas J. Corrigan ,  Dale W. Blake ,  Richard A. Sederquist

    Inventor： Donald F. Szydlowski ,  Thomas J. Corrigan ,  Dale W. Blake ,  Richard A. Sederquist

    IPC: F28D704

    CPC classification number: C01B3/16 ,  B01J8/025 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J2208/00141 ,  B01J2219/00083

    Abstract: A fuel cell power plant, generally, has a fuel cell stack for electrochemically converting a hydrocarbon fuel into electricity. In order for the hydrocarbon fuel to be used by the fuel cell stack, it must be steam reformed into a hydrogen-rich process gas. This process gas has a carbon monoxide level that would be detrimental to the fuel cell stack, so the process gas is passed through a shift converter to decrease the carbon monoxide level therein prior to feeding the process gas to the fuel cell stack. In order to decrease the level of carbon monoxide without the need to increase the size of the shift converter catalyst bed, or lower the temperature of the process gas as it enters the shift converter to an undesirably low temperature, the shift converter design that utilizes an upstream adiabatic zone and a downstream actively cooled zone. The actively cooled zone is cooled by a pressurized water coolant which boils as it cools the process gas stream. The coolant entering the shift converter is essentially a single phase water stream, and the coolant exiting the shift converter is a two phase water-steam mixture.

    Abstract translation: 燃料电池发电厂通常具有用于将碳氢化合物燃料电化学转化成电的燃料电池堆。 为了使燃料电池堆使用碳氢化合物燃料，必须将其蒸汽重整成富氢处理气体。 该工艺气体具有对燃料电池堆不利的一氧化碳水平，因此在将工艺气体供给燃料电池堆之前，工艺气体通过变换器以降低其中的一氧化碳水平。 为了降低一氧化碳的水平，而不需要增加变换催化剂床的尺寸，或者当工艺气体进入转换器到不期望的低温时，其温度降低，使用 上游绝热带和下游主动冷却区。 主动冷却区域被加压的水冷却剂冷却，其在冷却工艺气体流时沸腾。 进入换档转换器的冷却剂基本上是单相水流，离开换档转换器的冷却剂是两相水蒸气混合物。

    Catalytic reactor designed to reduce catalyst slumping and crushing
    34.
    发明授权
    Catalytic reactor designed to reduce catalyst slumping and crushing 失效
    催化反应器旨在减少催化剂的坍塌和破碎

    公开(公告)号：US5718881A

    公开(公告)日：1998-02-17

    申请号：US669187

    申请日：1996-06-24

    Applicant: Richard A. Sederquist ,  Thomas J. Corrigan ,  Donald F. Szydlowski ,  Stanley P. Bonk

    Inventor： Richard A. Sederquist ,  Thomas J. Corrigan ,  Donald F. Szydlowski ,  Stanley P. Bonk

    IPC: B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  C01B3/38 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C01B3/26 ,  B01J8/06

    CPC classification number: H01M8/0631 ,  B01J8/008 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/0257 ,  C01B3/384 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1609 ,  Y10S423/13

    Abstract: A steam reformer for converting a reactor fuel into a product gas includes a segmented catalyst bed. The steam reformer side walls have a thermal coefficient of expansion which is greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the catalyst. By forming low volume catalyst bed segments in the hotter portions of the catalyst bed, slumping and subsequent damage of the catalyst pellets is minimized. The catalyst bed is divided into segments whose volumes are inversely proportional to the temperatures of the various zones in the reformer. The segments are formed by utilizing sequential catalyst support assemblies which include perforated catalyst support members that are differentially spaced apart from each other by support assembly legs having varying lengths. Catalyst support assemblies with shorter length legs are used in the hotter zones of the reformer, and support assemblies with progressively longer length legs are used in the cooler zones of the reformer.

    Abstract translation: 用于将反应堆燃料转化为产物气体的蒸汽重整器包括分段的催化剂床。 蒸汽重整器侧壁的热膨胀系数大于催化剂的热膨胀系数。 通过在催化剂床的较热部分中形成低体积的催化剂床段，使催化剂颗粒的坍落和随后的破坏最小化。 催化剂床被分成其体积与重整器中的各个区域的温度成反比的段。 这些段通过利用连续的催化剂支撑组件形成，催化剂支撑组件包括通过具有不同长度的支撑组件腿彼此间隔开的穿孔催化剂支撑构件。 在重整器的较热区域中使用具有较短长度腿部的催化剂支撑组件，并且在重整器的较冷区域中使用具有逐渐更长长度腿部的支撑组件。

    Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas
    35.
    发明授权
    Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas 失效
    产生高纯度氮气的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5330857A

    公开(公告)日：1994-07-19

    申请号：US125354

    申请日：1993-09-22

    Applicant: Richard A. Sederquist ,  John C. Trocciola ,  Paul J. Farris ,  Murdo J. Smith, II

    Inventor： Richard A. Sederquist ,  John C. Trocciola ,  Paul J. Farris ,  Murdo J. Smith, II

    IPC: C01B21/04 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/00

    CPC classification number: C01B21/0405 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  C01B2210/0045 ,  C01B2210/0051

    Abstract: High-purity nitrogen gas is generated by reducing at least the residual oxygen content of at least the cathode exhaust gas stream of a fuel cell device. The oxygen reduction is achieved either by controlling the passage of an oxidant gas through the cathode side of the fuel cell device in such a manner as to increase the oxygen utilization at the cathode side of the fuel cell device relative to the optimum electric power generation operating conditions of the fuel cell device, or by removing most of the residual oxygen from the cathode exhaust gas stream exhausted from the cathode side of the fuel cell device, while maintaining both oxygen and nitrogen contained in the cathode exhaust gas in their gaseous states throughout, or both. Moreover, anode exhaust gas can be reacted in a reformer burner with a reduced amount of excess oxygen and/or the reformer burner exhaust gas can be purified to remove combustion products and/or oxygen therefrom.

    Abstract translation: 通过至少减少燃料电池装置的至少阴极废气流的残余氧含量来产生高纯度氮气。 通过控制氧化剂气体通过燃料电池装置的阴极侧而使燃料电池装置的阴极侧的氧气利用率相对于最佳发电运转的方式来实现氧还原 或者通过从燃料电池装置的阴极侧排出的阴极废气流中除去大部分残留的氧气，同时保持阴极废气中所含的氧和氮全部处于其气态， 或两者。 此外，阳极废气可以在重整器燃烧器中与减少量的过量氧气反应和/或重整器燃烧器废气可以被净化以从其中除去燃烧产物和/或氧气。

    Molten carbonate fuel cell sulfur scrubber and method using same
    36.
    发明授权
    Molten carbonate fuel cell sulfur scrubber and method using same 失效
    熔融碳酸盐燃料电池硫洗涤器及其使用方法

    公开(公告)号：US5308456A

    公开(公告)日：1994-05-03

    申请号：US7936

    申请日：1993-01-25

    Applicant: Harold R. Kunz ,  Richard A. Sederquist ,  Ole L. Olesen

    Inventor： Harold R. Kunz ,  Richard A. Sederquist ,  Ole L. Olesen

    IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C25F5/00

    CPC classification number: H01M8/0662

    Abstract: Sulfur compounds poison catalysts, such as the anode catalysts and reformer catalysts within molten carbonate fuel cell systems. This poisoning is eliminated using a sulfur scrubber 29 located prior to the inlet of the cathode chamber 13. Anode exhaust 19 which contains water, carbon dioxide and possibly sulfur impurities, is combined with a cathode exhaust recycle stream 22 and an oxidant stream 25 and burned in a burner 33 to produce water, carbon dioxide. If sulfur compounds are present in either the anode exhaust, cathode exhaust stream, or oxidant stream, sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide are produced. The combined oxidant-combustion stream 27 from the burner 33 is then directed through a sulfur scrubber 29 prior to entering the cathode chamber 13. The sulfur scrubber 29 absorbs sulfur compounds from the combined oxidant-combustion stream 27. Removal of the sulfur compounds at this point prevents concentration of the sulfur in the molten carbonate fuel cell system. Therefore, neither the reformer catalysts nor the anode 17 experience sulfur poisoning.

    Abstract translation: 硫化合物毒性催化剂，如在熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中的阳极催化剂和重整器催化剂。 使用位于阴极室13的入口之前的硫洗涤器29消除了这种中毒。含有水，二氧化碳和可能的硫杂质的阳极排气19与阴极排气再循环流22和氧化剂流25结合并燃烧 在燃烧器33中产生水，二氧化碳。 如果硫化合物存在于阳极排气，阴极排气流或氧化剂流中，则产生三氧化硫和二氧化硫。 在进入阴极室13之前，来自燃烧器33的组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27然后被引导通过硫洗涤器29.硫洗涤器29从组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27中吸收硫化合物。在此处除去硫化合物 防止熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中硫的浓缩。 因此，重整催化剂和阳极17都不会发生硫中毒。

    Steam reforming reactor designed to reduce catalyst crushing
    37.
    发明授权
    Steam reforming reactor designed to reduce catalyst crushing 失效
    蒸汽重整反应器旨在减少催化剂破碎

    公开(公告)号：US4203950A

    公开(公告)日：1980-05-20

    申请号：US864511

    申请日：1977-12-27

    Applicant: Richard A. Sederquist

    Inventor： Richard A. Sederquist

    IPC: B01J8/06 ,  C01B3/38 ,  B01J7/00

    CPC classification number: B01J8/062 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0883 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1235 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1609

    Abstract: A reactor for steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen having an inner cylindrical wall and outer cylindrical wall which provide an annular reaction chamber within which solid particles such as catalysts are disposed. During operation of the reactor, the reactor goes through temperature cycles in which the temperature of the reactor is increased and decreased, such as, during start up and shut down and the volume within the annular reaction chamber increases during heating a greater amount than the volume of the solid particles due to different coefficients of expansion of the inner and outer walls and of the solid particles. This differential expansion allows the solid particles to slump when the temperature of the reactor is elevated and results in pressure being exerted by the walls of the reactor against the solid particles when the temperature of the reactor is reduced. This pressure may result in crushing of the solid particles. The reactor incorporates a design which eliminates or reduces crushing of the solid particles.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于烃燃料蒸汽重整以产生氢的反应器，其具有内圆柱形壁和外圆柱形壁，其提供环形反应室，其中设置诸如催化剂的固体颗粒。 在反应器操作期间，反应器经历温度循环，其中反应器的温度升高和降低，例如在启动和关闭期间，并且环形反应室内的体积在加热期间比体积更大的量增加 的固体颗粒由于内壁和外壁和固体颗粒的不同膨胀系数而变化。 当反应器的温度升高时，该不均匀膨胀允许固体颗粒塌陷，并且当反应器的温度降低时导致反应器的壁抵抗固体颗粒施加压力。 这种压力可能导致固体颗粒破碎。 反应器结合了消除或减少固体颗粒破碎的设计。

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