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公开(公告)号：US5213912A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-25
申请号：US814520
申请日：1991-12-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662
摘要： Sulfur compounds poison catalysts, such as the anode catalysts and reformer catalysts within molten carbonate fuel cell systems. This poisoning is eliminated using a sulfur scrubber 29 located prior to the inlet of the cathode chamber 13. Anode exhaust 19 which contains water, carbon dioxide and possibly sulfur impurities, is combined with a cathode exhaust recycle stream 22 and an oxidant stream 25 and burned in a burner 33 to produce water, carbon dioxide. If sulfur compounds are present in either the anode exhaust, cathode exhaust stream, or oxidant stream, sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide are produced. The combined oxidant-combustion stream 27 from the burner 33 is then directed through a sulfur scrubber 29 prior to entering the cathode chamber 13. The sulfur scrubber 29 absorbs sulfur compounds from the combined oxidant-combustion stream 27. Removal of the sulfur compounds at this point prevents concentration of the sulfur in the molten carbonate fuel cell system. Therefore, neither the reformer catalyst nor the anode 17 experience sulfur poisoning.
摘要翻译： 硫化合物毒性催化剂，如在熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中的阳极催化剂和重整器催化剂。 使用位于阴极室13的入口之前的硫洗涤器29消除了这种中毒。含有水，二氧化碳和可能的硫杂质的阳极排气19与阴极排气再循环流22和氧化剂流25结合并燃烧 在燃烧器33中产生水，二氧化碳。 如果硫化合物存在于阳极排气，阴极排气流或氧化剂流中，则产生三氧化硫和二氧化硫。 然后，在进入阴极室13之前，来自燃烧器33的组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27被引导通过硫洗涤器29.硫洗涤器29从组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27中吸收硫化合物。在此处除去硫化合物 防止熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中硫的浓缩。 因此，重整器催化剂和阳极17都不经历硫中毒。
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公开(公告)号：US5308456A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US7936
申请日：1993-01-25
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662
摘要： Sulfur compounds poison catalysts, such as the anode catalysts and reformer catalysts within molten carbonate fuel cell systems. This poisoning is eliminated using a sulfur scrubber 29 located prior to the inlet of the cathode chamber 13. Anode exhaust 19 which contains water, carbon dioxide and possibly sulfur impurities, is combined with a cathode exhaust recycle stream 22 and an oxidant stream 25 and burned in a burner 33 to produce water, carbon dioxide. If sulfur compounds are present in either the anode exhaust, cathode exhaust stream, or oxidant stream, sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide are produced. The combined oxidant-combustion stream 27 from the burner 33 is then directed through a sulfur scrubber 29 prior to entering the cathode chamber 13. The sulfur scrubber 29 absorbs sulfur compounds from the combined oxidant-combustion stream 27. Removal of the sulfur compounds at this point prevents concentration of the sulfur in the molten carbonate fuel cell system. Therefore, neither the reformer catalysts nor the anode 17 experience sulfur poisoning.
摘要翻译： 硫化合物毒性催化剂，如在熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中的阳极催化剂和重整器催化剂。 使用位于阴极室13的入口之前的硫洗涤器29消除了这种中毒。含有水，二氧化碳和可能的硫杂质的阳极排气19与阴极排气再循环流22和氧化剂流25结合并燃烧 在燃烧器33中产生水，二氧化碳。 如果硫化合物存在于阳极排气，阴极排气流或氧化剂流中，则产生三氧化硫和二氧化硫。 在进入阴极室13之前，来自燃烧器33的组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27然后被引导通过硫洗涤器29.硫洗涤器29从组合的氧化剂 - 燃烧流27中吸收硫化合物。在此处除去硫化合物 防止熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统中硫的浓缩。 因此，重整催化剂和阳极17都不会发生硫中毒。
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公开(公告)号：US4098587A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US827803
申请日：1977-08-25
CPC分类号： B01J8/06 , B01J8/02 , C01B3/384 , B01J2208/00495
摘要： Compact reaction apparatus, such as for steam reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen, includes a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a furnace. A portion of each reactor extends into the burner cavity or combustion volume of the furnace. Baffles, such as sleeves, are disposed around these portions of the reactor tubes to shield the tubes from excessive radiant heat from the wall of the burner cavity and to more evenly distribute heat among and around all of the reactors. These baffles permit the reactor tubes to be closely packed within the furnace and reduce temperature differences between the tubes.
摘要翻译： 诸如用于蒸汽重整烃原料以产生氢的紧凑反应装置包括设置在炉内的多个反应器管。 每个反应器的一部分延伸到炉的燃烧器腔或燃烧体积中。 诸如套管的挡板被布置在反应器管的这些部分周围，以屏蔽管子免受来自燃烧器腔壁的过度辐射热，并且在所有反应器之间和周围更均匀地分布热量。 这些挡板允许反应器管紧密地包装在炉内并减少管之间的温度差。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08304123B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US12110767
申请日：2008-04-28
IPC分类号： H01M8/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04141 , H01M8/04149 , H01M8/0432 , H01M8/04753
摘要： A fuel cell system is provided that is capable of operating at high temperatures and near-ambient pressure with partial humidification of air supplied to the fuel cell stack. The fuel cells of the stack incorporate gas diffusion barrier layers at the cathode side thereof. The system includes a cooling loop for circulating a liquid coolant through the stack. In some embodiments, an incoming air stream is partially humidified with water vapor transferred from a cathode exhaust stream in a gas-exchange humidifier or enthalpy wheel. In other embodiments, a cathode recycle is employed to partially humidify the incoming air. The humidity of the air and cathode exhaust streams is maintained below a stack saturation point. Methods of operating the fuel cell system are also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了能够在高温和近环境压力下操作并且部分加湿供应到燃料电池堆的空气的燃料电池系统。 堆叠的燃料电池在其阴极侧包含气体扩散阻挡层。 该系统包括用于使液体冷却剂循环通过堆的冷却回路。 在一些实施例中，进入的空气流部分地被加湿，其中水蒸汽是从气体交换加湿器或焓轮中的阴极排气流传递的。 在其它实施例中，使用阴极再循环部分地加湿进入的空气。 空气和阴极废气流的湿度保持在堆积饱和点以下。 还提供了操作燃料电池系统的方法。
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5.发明授权Method and system for desulfurizing gasoline or diesel fuel for use in a fuel cell power plant 失效用于燃料电池发电厂的用于汽油或柴油的脱硫方法和系统公开(公告)号：US06610265B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US10042015
申请日：2002-01-10
IPC分类号： B01J1900
CPC分类号： H01M8/0675 , B01D53/04 , B01D2253/102 , B01D2257/30 , C10G25/12 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , Y10S502/514 , Y10S502/517
摘要： A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream. The sulfur scrubber station is rejuvenated by passing a gas stream containing a relatively small amount (about 1% by volume) of carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is converted to carbonyl sulfide which is then burned in power plant burner so as to form sulfur dioxide in the power plant exhaust stream.
摘要翻译： 燃料处理系统可操作以基本上除去物流燃料原料供应中存在的所有硫。 燃料原料可以是含有比较高含量的有机硫化合物如硫醇，硫化物，二硫化物等的汽油，柴油燃料或其他类似的燃料。 该系统是燃料电池发电厂的一部分。 燃料库存供应通过重整器进料，其中燃料转化为含有硫化氢的富氢燃料。 含硫化氢的重整器排气通过硫洗涤器，向其中加入少量空气，该洗涤器通过克劳斯反应基本上除去废气流中的所有硫。 脱硫步骤使硫沉积在洗涤床上，洗涤床在一段时间之后将防止进一步的硫从重整器废气流中移出。 通过使含有相对少量（约1体积％）的一氧化碳的气流通过硫洗涤塔来恢复。 将一氧化碳转化为硫化羰，然后在发电厂燃烧器中燃烧，从而在发电厂废气流中形成二氧化硫。
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公开(公告)号：US5769909A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US656568
申请日：1996-05-31
申请人： Stanley P. Bonk , Thomas J. Corrigan , Roger R. Lesieur , Richard A. Sederquist , Donald F. Szydlowski
发明人： Stanley P. Bonk , Thomas J. Corrigan , Roger R. Lesieur , Richard A. Sederquist , Donald F. Szydlowski
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J8/04 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/58 , C01B17/04 , C10K1/20 , C10L3/10 , H01M8/06 , B01J8/06 , C10L3/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01D53/8603 , B01D53/8618 , B01J8/04 , C01B17/0408 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/58 , H01M8/0662 , B01J2208/00141 , B01J2208/00194 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/0053 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/045 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1614 , H01M8/0612
摘要： Sulfur and sulfur compounds are removed from a gas stream, such as a hydrocarbon fuel gas stream so as to render the gas stream suitable for use in a fuel cell power plant. Natural gas and recycled hydrogen enters the hydrodesulfurizer assembly at a temperature of about 120.degree. F. The gas stream is heated to a temperature of about 625.degree. F. whereupon it enters a desulfurizing bed formed from a mixture of platinum catalyst deposited on alumina pellets, and a pelletized zinc oxide hydrogen sulfide absorbent. The gas is cooled to an exit temperature of about 525.degree.F. as it passes through the desulfurizer bed. The desulfurizer bed is combined with a shift converter which reduces carbon monoxide in the desulfurized gas stream after the latter has passed through a steam reformer bed.
摘要翻译： 硫和硫化合物从诸如烃类燃料气流的气流中除去，以使气流适合用于燃料电池发电厂。 天然气和再循环的氢气在约120°F的温度下进入加氢脱硫装置。将气流加热到约625°F的温度，随后进入由沉积在氧化铝颗粒上的铂催化剂的混合物形成的脱硫床， 和颗粒状氧化锌硫化氢吸收剂。 当气体通过脱硫器床时，气体被冷却至约525°F的出口温度。 脱硫器床与一种换档转换器相结合，该换档转换器在脱硫气流通过蒸汽重整床后减少一氧化碳。
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公开(公告)号：US4642272A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-10
申请号：US812212
申请日：1985-12-23
CPC分类号： C01B3/384 , H01M8/0612 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/061 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1288 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An apparatus, process and use for making hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam using heat stored in a vessel followed by the regeneration of the vessel to restore the heat. Regeneration is done by preheating within the vessel a hydrogen purge gas and regeneration combustion products recycle and mixing the preheated gases with an oxygen containing gas so that they combust within the vessel in a fuel rich mode and heat material disposed in the vessel. This is the heat which is used in converting the hydrocarbon feedstock to hydrogen. The regeneration combustion products are recycled (and substituted for the cooling capacity of the oxygen containing gas) to recover the heat remaining in the vessel following the hydrogen make cycle simplifying reactor bed design and improving operational flexibility. The process is applied to provide hydrogen to a fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 用于使用储存在容器中的热量从烃原料和蒸汽制备氢气的装置，方法和用途，随后容器的再生以恢复热量。 通过在容器内预热氢气净化气体和再生燃烧产物来再循环并将预热的气体与含氧气体混合，使得它们以富含燃料的模式在容器内燃烧并且设置在容器中的热材料来进行再生。 这是用于将烃原料转化为氢气的热量。 再生燃烧产物被循环（并且代替含氧气体的冷却能力），以回收在氢气循环之后剩余的热量，从而简化了反应器床设计并提高了操作灵活性。 该方法用于向燃料电池提供氢。
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公开(公告)号：US4533607A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-06
申请号：US678611
申请日：1984-12-06
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612
摘要： Electrolyte vapor entrained in the hot exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell is removed by passing the gas stream through a saturator, over high surface area material, in direct contact with water circulating in a loop which also passes through the saturator. The hot gas stream evaporates a small portion of the water, resulting in cooling of the gas stream and condensing of electrolyte therein as it cools. The electrolyte dissolves into the recirculating water. The water is exchanged at predetermined intervals or when the concentration of electrolyte reaches a predetermined level. At least 99% of the electrolyte can be removed from the gas stream in this manner.
摘要翻译： 通过使气流通过饱和器，在高表面积的材料上直接接触循环的循环中的水通过饱和器来除去夹带在来自燃料电池的热废气流中的电解质蒸汽。 热气流蒸发一小部分水，导致气流冷却，并在其中冷却电解液。 电解液溶解在循环水中。 水以预定间隔交换，或当电解液的浓度达到预定水平时。 可以以这种方式从气流中除去至少99％的电解质。
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公开(公告)号：US5961928A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US838118
申请日：1997-04-15
申请人： Valerie A. Maston , Leslie L. VanDine , Richard A. Sederquist , Raymond M. Smith , Paul A. Grubb , Theodore S. Malinowski
发明人： Valerie A. Maston , Leslie L. VanDine , Richard A. Sederquist , Raymond M. Smith , Paul A. Grubb , Theodore S. Malinowski
CPC分类号： C01B3/32 , B01J19/0006 , B01J8/001 , H01M8/0612
摘要： A system for generating a desired output gas from an input fuel for use in a downstream process is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of fuel processing units to generate the desired output gas, wherein each of the plurality of fuel processing units includes a reformer which uses waste gas output from the downstream process to facilitate the processing of the fuel. Each of the fuel processing units is operational over a range up to full capacity, wherein the plurality of fuel processing units are interconnected in an collective operating scheme to process the fuel. A control system is provided for controlling the plurality of fuel processing units in response to requirements of a dynamic load demand from the downstream operation. The control system is operative to adjust the operational level of each of the plurality of fuel processing units to produce individual responses from each of the fuel processing units. The individual responses are combined to produce a collective response for meeting the requirements of the dynamic load demand. A method for generating a desired output gas from an input fuel for use in a downstream process is also provided.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从用于下游过程的输入燃料产生期望的输出气体的系统。 该系统包括多个燃料处理单元以产生期望的输出气体，其中多个燃料处理单元中的每个燃料处理单元包括使用从下游过程输出的废气促进燃料处理的重整器。 每个燃料处理单元在一直到满容量的范围内操作，其中多个燃料处理单元以集体操作方案相互连接以处理燃料。 提供控制系统，用于响应来自下游操作的动态负载需求的要求来控制多个燃料处理单元。 控制系统可操作以调整多个燃料处理单元中的每个燃料处理单元的操作水平，以产生来自每个燃料处理单元的各自的响应。 将各个响应组合起来以产生满足动态负载需求要求的集体响应。 还提供了用于从下游处理中使用的输入燃料产生期望输出气体的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US5830423A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-03
申请号：US561684
申请日：1995-11-22
CPC分类号： C10L3/10 , B01D53/75 , B01D2257/204 , B01D2257/304 , B01D2257/306 , B01D2258/05
摘要： The gas stream which is produced in and emanates from landfills, anaerobic digesters and other waste gas streams, is treated to produce a purified gas which is essentially a hydrocarbon such as methane and which can be used as the fuel source in a fuel cell power plant. The gas stream passes through a simplified purification system which removes essentially all of the sulfur compounds, hydrogen sulfide, and halogen compounds from the gas stream. The resultant gas stream can be used to power a fuel cell power plant which produces electricity, or as a hydrocarbon fuel gas for other applications.
摘要翻译： 处理生产并从垃圾填埋场，厌氧消化器和其他废气流中产生的气流，以生产基本上为烃的纯化气体，例如甲烷，并可用作燃料电池发电厂中的燃料源 。 气流通过简化的净化系统，其从气流中基本上除去所有的硫化合物，硫化氢和卤素化合物。 所产生的气流可以用于为产生电力的燃料电池发电厂或作为用于其它应用的烃燃料气体供电。
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