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公开(公告)号：US5769909A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US656568
申请日：1996-05-31
申请人： Stanley P. Bonk , Thomas J. Corrigan , Roger R. Lesieur , Richard A. Sederquist , Donald F. Szydlowski
发明人： Stanley P. Bonk , Thomas J. Corrigan , Roger R. Lesieur , Richard A. Sederquist , Donald F. Szydlowski
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J8/04 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/58 , C01B17/04 , C10K1/20 , C10L3/10 , H01M8/06 , B01J8/06 , C10L3/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01D53/8603 , B01D53/8618 , B01J8/04 , C01B17/0408 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/58 , H01M8/0662 , B01J2208/00141 , B01J2208/00194 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/0053 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/045 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1614 , H01M8/0612
摘要： Sulfur and sulfur compounds are removed from a gas stream, such as a hydrocarbon fuel gas stream so as to render the gas stream suitable for use in a fuel cell power plant. Natural gas and recycled hydrogen enters the hydrodesulfurizer assembly at a temperature of about 120.degree. F. The gas stream is heated to a temperature of about 625.degree. F. whereupon it enters a desulfurizing bed formed from a mixture of platinum catalyst deposited on alumina pellets, and a pelletized zinc oxide hydrogen sulfide absorbent. The gas is cooled to an exit temperature of about 525.degree.F. as it passes through the desulfurizer bed. The desulfurizer bed is combined with a shift converter which reduces carbon monoxide in the desulfurized gas stream after the latter has passed through a steam reformer bed.
摘要翻译： 硫和硫化合物从诸如烃类燃料气流的气流中除去，以使气流适合用于燃料电池发电厂。 天然气和再循环的氢气在约120°F的温度下进入加氢脱硫装置。将气流加热到约625°F的温度，随后进入由沉积在氧化铝颗粒上的铂催化剂的混合物形成的脱硫床， 和颗粒状氧化锌硫化氢吸收剂。 当气体通过脱硫器床时，气体被冷却至约525°F的出口温度。 脱硫器床与一种换档转换器相结合，该换档转换器在脱硫气流通过蒸汽重整床后减少一氧化碳。
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公开(公告)号：US5931658A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US863643
申请日：1997-05-28
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/062 , F23D14/66 , F23L15/04 , Y02E20/348
摘要： A fuel cell system, generally, has a fuel processing apparatus for steam reforming a hydrocarbon fuel and steam into a product gas, and a fuel cell stack for converting the product gas into electricity. The fuel processing apparatus is a catalytic reaction apparatus having a furnace and a catalytic reactor. In an effort to increase the efficiency of the catalytic reaction apparatus and decrease the size and/or number of catalytic reactors, the present invention relates to a furnace that utilizes air and fuel pre-heat chambers to increase the flame temperature within the furnace.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池系统通常具有用于将烃燃料和蒸汽蒸汽重整成产物气体的燃料处理装置和用于将产物气体转换成电的燃料电池堆。 燃料处理装置是具有炉和催化反应器的催化反应装置。 为了提高催化反应装置的效率并减小催化反应器的尺寸和/或数量，本发明涉及利用空气和燃料预热室来增加炉内火焰温度的炉。
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公开(公告)号：US5718881A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-17
申请号：US669187
申请日：1996-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/008 , B01J8/02 , B01J8/0257 , C01B3/384 , B01J2208/00495 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/1017 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1609 , Y10S423/13
摘要： A steam reformer for converting a reactor fuel into a product gas includes a segmented catalyst bed. The steam reformer side walls have a thermal coefficient of expansion which is greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the catalyst. By forming low volume catalyst bed segments in the hotter portions of the catalyst bed, slumping and subsequent damage of the catalyst pellets is minimized. The catalyst bed is divided into segments whose volumes are inversely proportional to the temperatures of the various zones in the reformer. The segments are formed by utilizing sequential catalyst support assemblies which include perforated catalyst support members that are differentially spaced apart from each other by support assembly legs having varying lengths. Catalyst support assemblies with shorter length legs are used in the hotter zones of the reformer, and support assemblies with progressively longer length legs are used in the cooler zones of the reformer.
摘要翻译： 用于将反应堆燃料转化为产物气体的蒸汽重整器包括分段的催化剂床。 蒸汽重整器侧壁的热膨胀系数大于催化剂的热膨胀系数。 通过在催化剂床的较热部分中形成低体积的催化剂床段，使催化剂颗粒的坍落和随后的破坏最小化。 催化剂床被分成其体积与重整器中的各个区域的温度成反比的段。 这些段通过利用连续的催化剂支撑组件形成，催化剂支撑组件包括通过具有不同长度的支撑组件腿彼此间隔开的穿孔催化剂支撑构件。 在重整器的较热区域中使用具有较短长度腿部的催化剂支撑组件，并且在重整器的较冷区域中使用具有逐渐更长长度腿部的支撑组件。
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公开(公告)号：US06306354B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US08651160
申请日：1996-05-17
IPC分类号： F28D704
CPC分类号： C01B3/16 , B01J8/025 , B01J8/0285 , B01J2208/00141 , B01J2219/00083
摘要： A fuel cell power plant, generally, has a fuel cell stack for electrochemically converting a hydrocarbon fuel into electricity. In order for the hydrocarbon fuel to be used by the fuel cell stack, it must be steam reformed into a hydrogen-rich process gas. This process gas has a carbon monoxide level that would be detrimental to the fuel cell stack, so the process gas is passed through a shift converter to decrease the carbon monoxide level therein prior to feeding the process gas to the fuel cell stack. In order to decrease the level of carbon monoxide without the need to increase the size of the shift converter catalyst bed, or lower the temperature of the process gas as it enters the shift converter to an undesirably low temperature, the shift converter design that utilizes an upstream adiabatic zone and a downstream actively cooled zone. The actively cooled zone is cooled by a pressurized water coolant which boils as it cools the process gas stream. The coolant entering the shift converter is essentially a single phase water stream, and the coolant exiting the shift converter is a two phase water-steam mixture.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂通常具有用于将碳氢化合物燃料电化学转化成电的燃料电池堆。 为了使燃料电池堆使用碳氢化合物燃料，必须将其蒸汽重整成富氢处理气体。 该工艺气体具有对燃料电池堆不利的一氧化碳水平，因此在将工艺气体供给燃料电池堆之前，工艺气体通过变换器以降低其中的一氧化碳水平。 为了降低一氧化碳的水平，而不需要增加变换催化剂床的尺寸，或者当工艺气体进入转换器到不期望的低温时，其温度降低，使用 上游绝热带和下游主动冷却区。 主动冷却区域被加压的水冷却剂冷却，其在冷却工艺气体流时沸腾。 进入换档转换器的冷却剂基本上是单相水流，离开换档转换器的冷却剂是两相水蒸气混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US4372759A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-08
申请号：US297481
申请日：1981-08-28
CPC分类号： B01D5/0027 , B01D5/0009 , F28B1/02 , H01M8/04119
摘要： A system is disclosed for removing electrolyte from a fuel cell gas stream. The gas stream containing electrolyte vapor is supercooled utilizing conventional heat exchangers and the thus supercooled gas stream is passed over high surface area passive condensers. The condensed electrolyte is then drained from the condenser and the remainder of the gas stream passed on. The system is particularly useful for electrolytes such as phosphoric acid and molten carbonate, but can be used for other electrolyte cells and simple vapor separation as well.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从燃料电池气流中除去电解质的系统。 含有电解质蒸气的气流是利用传统的热交换器进行过冷的，因而过冷气体流过高表面积的被动冷凝器。 然后将冷凝的电解质从冷凝器中排出，并且气流的其余部分通过。 该系统对于电解质如磷酸和熔融碳酸盐特别有用，但也可用于其它电解质电池和简单的蒸气分离。
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6.发明授权Method and system for desulfurizing gasoline or diesel fuel for use in a fuel cell power plant 失效用于燃料电池发电厂的用于汽油或柴油的脱硫方法和系统公开(公告)号：US06610265B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US10042015
申请日：2002-01-10
IPC分类号： B01J1900
CPC分类号： H01M8/0675 , B01D53/04 , B01D2253/102 , B01D2257/30 , C10G25/12 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , Y10S502/514 , Y10S502/517
摘要： A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream. The sulfur scrubber station is rejuvenated by passing a gas stream containing a relatively small amount (about 1% by volume) of carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is converted to carbonyl sulfide which is then burned in power plant burner so as to form sulfur dioxide in the power plant exhaust stream.
摘要翻译： 燃料处理系统可操作以基本上除去物流燃料原料供应中存在的所有硫。 燃料原料可以是含有比较高含量的有机硫化合物如硫醇，硫化物，二硫化物等的汽油，柴油燃料或其他类似的燃料。 该系统是燃料电池发电厂的一部分。 燃料库存供应通过重整器进料，其中燃料转化为含有硫化氢的富氢燃料。 含硫化氢的重整器排气通过硫洗涤器，向其中加入少量空气，该洗涤器通过克劳斯反应基本上除去废气流中的所有硫。 脱硫步骤使硫沉积在洗涤床上，洗涤床在一段时间之后将防止进一步的硫从重整器废气流中移出。 通过使含有相对少量（约1体积％）的一氧化碳的气流通过硫洗涤塔来恢复。 将一氧化碳转化为硫化羰，然后在发电厂燃烧器中燃烧，从而在发电厂废气流中形成二氧化硫。
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公开(公告)号：US4098587A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US827803
申请日：1977-08-25
CPC分类号： B01J8/06 , B01J8/02 , C01B3/384 , B01J2208/00495
摘要： Compact reaction apparatus, such as for steam reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen, includes a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a furnace. A portion of each reactor extends into the burner cavity or combustion volume of the furnace. Baffles, such as sleeves, are disposed around these portions of the reactor tubes to shield the tubes from excessive radiant heat from the wall of the burner cavity and to more evenly distribute heat among and around all of the reactors. These baffles permit the reactor tubes to be closely packed within the furnace and reduce temperature differences between the tubes.
摘要翻译： 诸如用于蒸汽重整烃原料以产生氢的紧凑反应装置包括设置在炉内的多个反应器管。 每个反应器的一部分延伸到炉的燃烧器腔或燃烧体积中。 诸如套管的挡板被布置在反应器管的这些部分周围，以屏蔽管子免受来自燃烧器腔壁的过度辐射热，并且在所有反应器之间和周围更均匀地分布热量。 这些挡板允许反应器管紧密地包装在炉内并减少管之间的温度差。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer 失效将液体烃燃料注入到燃料电池发电厂重整器中的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6045772A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US136709
申请日：1998-08-19
CPC分类号： C01B3/382 , B01B1/005 , B01J19/26 , B01J8/0278 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/38 , B01J2219/00119 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00182 , B01J2219/00247 , B01J2219/00252 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1258 , C01B2203/1276 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/82
摘要： A fuel atomizer for a liquid hydrocarbon fuel reformer/processor creates a high velocity atomized stream of a liquid fuel and steam, wherein the liquid fuel is quickly vaporized so as to limit carbon deposition from the fuel on the fuel vaporizer surfaces. The injector includes a small diameter fuel injection tube through which the liquid fuel and steam mixture is ejected at relatively high velocities. The liquid fuel forms an annular film which surrounds a steam core in the tube, which liquid droplet film and steam core composite are ejected from the tube into a stream of super heated steam, or steam and air. The stream of super heated steam substantially instantaneously vaporizes the fuel droplets from the film after the latter leaves the injection tube.
摘要翻译： 用于液体烃燃料重整器/处理器的燃料雾化器产生液体燃料和蒸汽的高速雾化流，其中液体燃料被快速蒸发，以便限制来自燃料蒸发器表面上的燃料的碳沉积。 喷射器包括一个小直径的燃料喷射管，液体燃料和蒸汽混合物以较高的速度喷射出来。 液体燃料形成围绕管中的蒸汽芯的环形膜，该液体薄膜和蒸汽芯复合材料从该管喷射到一个超加热蒸汽或蒸汽和空气流中。 超级加热的蒸汽流在离开喷射管之后基本上瞬间蒸发来自薄膜的燃料液滴。
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公开(公告)号：US4282832A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-11
申请号：US123226
申请日：1980-02-21
CPC分类号： B01J8/0492 , B01D3/16 , B01J19/30 , B01J2219/30223 , B01J2219/30408
摘要： The object of the invention is to provide a process for vaporizing liquid hydrocarbon fuels efficiently and without the formation of carbon residue on the apparatus used.The process includes simultaneously passing the liquid fuel and an inert hot gas downwardly through a plurality of vertically spaed apart regions of high surface area packing material. The liquid thinly coats the packing surface, and the sensible heat of the hot gas vaporizes this coating of liquid. Unvaporized liquid passing through one region of packing is uniformly redistributed over the top surface of the next region until all fuel has been vaporized using only the sensible heat of the hot gas stream.
摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是提供一种用于有效地蒸发液体烃燃料并且在所用设备上不形成碳残留物的方法。 该方法包括同时将液体燃料和惰性热气体向下通过高表面积包装材料的多个垂直温度分开的区域。 液体薄薄地涂覆包装表面，热气体的显热蒸发这种液体涂层。 通过一个包装区域的未蒸发液体均匀地重新分布在下一个区域的顶表面上，直到所有的燃料仅仅被热气流的显热蒸发。
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公开(公告)号：US4976747A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-11
申请号：US419880
申请日：1989-10-10
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0662
摘要： An oxidizer (12) receives cool fresh fuel (10) and hot recycle fuel (14). The recycle fuel is mixed with only a portion of the fresh fuel in the catalytic bed (16). The remaining fresh fuel is progressively added within the bed. High temperature is achieved for local ignition. The exothermic reaction heats the later mixed fuel to the ignition temperature.
摘要翻译： 氧化剂（12）接收冷的新鲜燃料（10）和热循环燃料（14）。 再循环燃料与催化床（16）中仅一部分新鲜燃料混合。 剩余的新鲜燃料逐渐加入床内。 实现局部点火的高温。 放热反应将后来的混合燃料加热到点火温度。
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