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公开(公告)号：US06926990B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-09
申请号：US10231828
申请日：2002-08-29
CPC分类号： H01M4/8652 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/886 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1007
摘要： A fuel cell device has a composite particle electrode (200) formed using particles (210) having a combination of ion conductor material, electron conductor material, and catalyst material. Each composite particle (210) is preferably formed to have a substantially spherical outer layer (480) of ion conductor material (481) with conductive and catalyst particles (482, 484) are dispersed throughout the outer layer (480). An array of composite particles (210) is layered in a substantially structured or ordered manner on a membrane support structure (220) to form the fuel cell electrode. A fuel cell electrode so formed has interstitial gaps between the composite particles that result in a structure permeable to oxygen and other fluids.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池装置具有使用具有离子导体材料，电子导体材料和催化剂材料的组合的粒子（210）形成的复合粒子电极（200）。 每个复合颗粒（210）优选形成为具有离子导体材料（481）的基本上球形的外层（480），其中导电和催化剂颗粒（482,484）分散在整个外层（480）中。 复合颗粒（210）的阵列以基本上结构化或有序的方式层叠在膜支撑结构（220）上以形成燃料电池电极。 如此形成的燃料电池电极在复合颗粒之间具有间隙，导致可渗透氧气和其它流体的结构。
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公开(公告)号：US06586124B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09817336
申请日：2001-03-26
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04208 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04216 , H01M8/0432 , H01M8/04753
摘要： An apparatus and method for temperature regulation of a fuel cell using differential heat capacity of the fuel storage media is disclosed. The method of regulating the temperature involves measuring the temperature of one or more fuel cells, comparing the temperature against target values, selecting a control method from a set of available control methods based on the result of comparison and using that control method to initiate and control a regulation cycle, and actuating a flow control means using the selected control method to alter the flow of fuel between one or more fuel storage containers, each containing fuel storage media which exhibit different enthalpies of formation and dissociation. The regulation process starts with measuring temperature (110) of a fuel cell system (100). The measured temperature is then compared (120) to a predetermined set of ideal target values designed to provide peak fuel cell performance. Following the comparison step, a control method (130) is selected from a list of available control methods. The control method has the necessary parameters and logic to define an fuel flow initiation process (140) which in turn actuates a flow control means (150). Actuation of the flow control means changes the temperature of the one or more fuel cells and alters its operating parameters (160).
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33.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06584825B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09928607
申请日：2001-08-13
IPC分类号： G01N1910
CPC分类号： F17C11/005 , C01B3/0005 , G01N7/04 , Y02E60/321 , Y02E60/324
摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring the quantity of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage vessel of a hydrogen fuel cell using the Pressure, Composition, Temperature (PCT) relationship of the storage media is disclosed. The method of measuring the quantity of hydrogen involves, measuring the temperature 310 of the hydrogen storage media at one or more points on the hydrogen storage vessel 300, measuring the mechanical strain 320 at one or more points on the hydrogen storage vessel, computing the pressure 330 inside the vessel based on the strain measurements, referring to a lookup table 340 or an equation representing the discharge PCT curve for the particular composition of the hydrogen storage media at the measured temperature and computing the hydrogen concentration at the measured pressure. The changes in temperature and pressure during hydrogen absorption-desorption which are characteristic of hydride storage media air is used to measure the hydrogen concentration in the storage vessel and the hydrogen to metal hydride.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用存储介质的压力，组成，温度（PCT）关系测量氢燃料电池的储氢容器中氢的量的装置和方法。 测量氢气量的方法包括：在储氢容器300上的一个或多个点处测量储氢介质的温度310，在储氢容器的一个或多个点测量机械应变320，计算压力 330，根据应变测量，参考查找表340或表示在测量的温度下储氢介质的特定组成的排放PCT曲线的方程，并计算测量压力下的氢浓度。 氢吸收 - 解吸附的温度和压力变化是氢化物储存介质空气的特征，用于测量储存容器中的氢气浓度和金属氢化物的氢浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US5937265A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-10
申请号：US840003
申请日：1997-04-24
CPC分类号： B22F3/1258 , B22F5/007 , B29C33/3842 , B29C33/405 , B22F2998/10 , B22F2999/00 , B29C43/10 , B29C67/0051 , Y02P10/292
摘要： A rapid method for fabricating a tooling die insert (71) is disclosed. A set of master parts (31, 32) in the shape of the insert is formed using stereolithography or other rapid prototyping techniques (106). The master parts are assembled and a flexible material is molded (109, 56, 57) in them to form a flexible mold (111, 61). The flexible mold is then filled (115) with metal powder and the powder is cold isostatically pressed (117) to solidify it and form a green part. The "green part" is then hot isostatically pressed (118) to form the densifyed tool.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种制造模具插片（71）的快速方法。 使用立体光刻技术或其他快速成型技术（106）形成插入件形状的一组主要部件（31,32）。 主部件被组装并且在其中模制柔性材料（109,56,57）以形成柔性模具（111,61）。 然后用金属粉末填充柔性模具（115），并将粉末冷静压（117）使其固化并形成绿色部分。 然后，将“绿色部分”热等静压（118）以形成致密工具。
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公开(公告)号：US5748438A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US351983
申请日：1994-12-08
摘要： An ultracapacitor having two porous organic membrane electrodes is made from microporous polymer substrates (10). The surface of the polymer substrate and the walls of the micropores (30) are coated with metal oxides. Both sides of the substrate can be coated with the conductive materials. The film can be a carboxylic ion-exchange material dispersed in a microporous copolymer matrix, and the film can be supported on a woven nylon substrate. The two electrodes (82, 84) are situated substantially parallel to each other, with the coated surface of one electrode facing the coated surface of the other electrode. An ionic electrolyte solution (89) fills the gap (86) between the electrodes.
摘要翻译： 具有两个多孔有机膜电极的超级电容器由微孔聚合物基材（10）制成。 聚合物基材的表面和微孔（30）的壁涂覆有金属氧化物。 衬底的两侧可以涂覆导电材料。 膜可以是分散在微孔共聚物基质中的羧酸离子交换材料，并且该膜可以负载在编织尼龙基材上。 两个电极（82,84）基本上彼此平行地布置，一个电极的涂覆表面面对另一个电极的涂覆表面。 离子电解质溶液（89）填充电极之间的间隙（86）。
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公开(公告)号：US5137846A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-11
申请号：US648064
申请日：1991-01-31
CPC分类号： H01L21/56 , H01L23/293 , H01L2924/0002
摘要： An improved encapsulant for an electronic component package is composed of an inorganic powder dispersed in a polycyanurate resin binder. The encapsulant is formed by applying a curing mixture of the powder and a liquid vehicle composed predominantly of a blend of one or more multifunctional cyanate ester compounds that are curable to form the binder. The blend includes a cyanate ester substituted bisphenol derivative compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl. Preferably, the blend includes a second cyantophenylene compound having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrocarbon chain including an aryl link.
摘要翻译： 用于电子部件封装的改进的密封剂由分散在聚氰化脲树脂粘合剂中的无机粉末组成。 通过施加主要由可固化以形成粘合剂的一种或多种多官能氰酸酯化合物的共混物的粉末和液体载体的固化混合物形成密封剂。 共混物包括具有下式的氰酸酯取代的双酚衍生物化合物，其中R 1和R 2是由氢，甲基和乙基组成的组的成员。 优选地，共混物包括具有式“IMAGE”的第二氰基亚苯基化合物，其中R 3是包含芳基连接的烃链。
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公开(公告)号：US5122200A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US583630
申请日：1990-09-17
CPC分类号： B23K35/36 , B23K35/3618 , C23G1/103 , H05K3/26 , H05K2203/0789 , H05K2203/122 , H05K3/3484
摘要： Solder pastes having vehicles including formic acid-soluble organic acids as fluxing agents are described. Fluxing agents may be compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is an electron withdrawing group. In one embodiment, R is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. Other suitable formic-acid fluxing agents include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, methacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The compounds clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilize leaving a residue to be cleaned away. The cleaning step involves rinsing with formic acid. No undesired residue remains indicating that the organic acids of the invention are effective in cleaning boards. Such acid fluxing agents can be used mixed with typical solder components, such as lead/tin solder pastes, or applied topically to solders, such as solder balls; both techniques permit the assembly of PCBs more easily with high quality bonds, and with little or no residue. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent. The formic acid cleaning step may be followed by a water rinse.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有包含甲酸可溶性有机酸作为助熔剂的载体的焊膏。 助焊剂可以是下式的化合物：其中R是吸电子基团。 在一个实施方案中，R选自氟，氯，溴，碘，硫，羟基，腈和苄基。 其它合适的甲酸助熔剂包括但不限于己二酸，丙烯酸，聚丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。 这些化合物在组装时清除印刷电路板（PCB）的氧化物，然后挥发，留下残留物进行清除。 清洁步骤包括用甲酸冲洗。 没有不需要的残留物表明本发明的有机酸在清洁板中是有效的。 这种酸助熔剂可以与典型的焊料组分（例如铅/锡焊膏）混合使用，或局部施用于焊料如焊料球; 这两种技术允许更容易地组装PCBs，具有高质量的键，并且几乎没有或没有残留物。 苹果酸是优选的有机酸助熔剂。 甲酸清洗步骤之后可以进行水冲洗。
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公开(公告)号：US5092943A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-03
申请号：US583629
申请日：1990-09-17
CPC分类号： H05K3/3489 , B23K35/36 , B23K35/3618
摘要： Solder pastes having vehicles including blends of low boiling point alcohols and relatively high boiling point alcohols are described which leave residues which may be cleaned using only water are described. The low boiling point alcohols have a boiling point range of between about 65.degree. and about 150.degree. C. whereas the high boiling point alcohols have a boiling point in rhe range of about 150.degree. to about 270.degree. C. The solder pastes also use water-soluble organic acids as fluxing agents such as compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is an electron withdrawing group such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. Other suitable formic-acid fluxing agents include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, polyacrylic acid, methacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The compounds clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilze leaving a residue to be cleaned away. The cleaning step involves rinsing with water. No undesired residue remains indicating that the organic acids of the invention are effective in cleaning boards. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有包含低沸点醇和相对高沸点醇的共混物的载体的焊膏，其留下可以仅使用水清洁的残余物。 低沸点醇的沸点范围为约65℃至约150℃，而高沸点醇的沸点在约150℃至约270℃的流变范围内。焊膏还使用水 - 可溶性有机酸作为助熔剂，例如下式的化合物：其中R是吸电子基团如氟，氯，溴，碘，硫，羟基，腈和苄基。 其它合适的甲酸助熔剂包括但不限于己二酸，聚丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。 这些化合物在组装时清除印刷电路板（PCB）的氧化物，然后挥发，留下残留物进行清理。 清洁步骤包括用水冲洗。 没有不需要的残留物表明本发明的有机酸在清洁板中是有效的。 苹果酸是优选的有机酸助熔剂。
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公开(公告)号：US06888607B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-03
申请号：US10232787
申请日：2002-08-29
申请人： Bobby Dean Landreth , Steven D. Pratt , Robert W. Pennisi , Ronald J. Kelley , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , David S. Fredley
发明人： Bobby Dean Landreth , Steven D. Pratt , Robert W. Pennisi , Ronald J. Kelley , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , David S. Fredley
IPC分类号： G02F1/13 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1347 , G02F1/137 , G09G3/36 , G02F1/1345
CPC分类号： G02F1/13476 , G02F1/13306 , G02F1/13452 , G02F1/13718 , G02F2201/08 , G02F2203/34 , G09G3/3629
摘要： Rewritable signs (100, 1300) that include bistable cholesteric liquid crystal layers (102, 1402, 1404, 1406) are provided. According to one embodiment a rewritable sign (100) is devoid of circuitry for establishing electric fields in localize regions for writing information to the rewritable sign (100), and is consequently inexpensive. In the latter embodiment, a separate information writer (400) that includes an array of pixel electrodes (404) that is driven by an active matrix (602) is used to write information on the rewritable sign. According to another embodiment a rewritable sign (1300) includes three cholesteric liquid layers (1402, 1404, 1406) each of which reflects a different primary color. The three cholesteric liquid crystal layers (1402, 1404, 1406) are interleaved with sets of conductive lines (1316, 1320, 1322, 1324) that are used to apply signals to the cholesteric liquid crystal layers (1402, 1404, 1406) for the purpose of writing information.
摘要翻译： 提供了包括双稳态胆甾型液晶层（102,1402,1404,1406）的可重写符号（100,1300）。 根据一个实施例，可重写符号（100）没有用于在用于将信息写入可重写符号（100）的本地化区域中建立电场的电路，因此便宜。 在后一实施例中，包括由有源矩阵（602）驱动的像素电极阵列（404）的单独信息写入器（400）用于写入关于可重写符号的信息。 根据另一个实施例，可重写标志（1300）包括三个胆固醇液体层（1402,1404,1406），每个胆固醇液体层反映不同的原色。 三个胆甾型液晶层（1402,1404,1406）与用于将信号施加到胆甾醇型液晶层（1402,1404,1406）的导线组（1316,1320,1322,1324）交错，用于 写信息的目的。
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40.发明授权Integral sensors for monitoring a fuel cell membrane and methods of monitoring 有权用于监测燃料电池膜的积分传感器和监测方法公开(公告)号：US06214487B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09241190
申请日：1999-02-01
申请人： Ronald J. Kelley , Robert J. Mulligan , Steven D. Pratt , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , Bobby Dean Landreth , Robert W. Pennisi
发明人： Ronald J. Kelley , Robert J. Mulligan , Steven D. Pratt , Sivakumar Muthuswamy , Bobby Dean Landreth , Robert W. Pennisi
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M10/4257 , H01M6/181 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/1018 , H01M8/1065 , H01M10/4264 , H01M10/48 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A membrane electrode assembly consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane (100) with an electrode on each side. The polymer electrolyte membrane has an integral sensor (115) disposed on the surface. The sensor monitors the physical, thermal, chemical or electrical state of the membrane electrode assembly. Information obtained from the sensor is used to identify a defective membrane electrode assembly, and the operation of the fuel cell is altered based on the identified defective membrane electrode assembly.
摘要翻译： 膜电极组件由每侧具有电极的聚合物电解质膜（100）组成。 聚合物电解质膜具有设置在表面上的整体传感器（115）。 传感器监测膜电极组件的物理，热，化学或电气状态。 使用从传感器获得的信息来识别有缺陷的膜电极组件，并且基于所识别的有缺陷的膜电极组件改变燃料电池的操作。
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