摘要:
In an apparatus, a predicting unit uses, as an initial value of a controlled variable, at least one of a first measured value of the controlled variable and a second measured value of a physical variable expressed as a function of the controlled variable. The predicting unit predicts, based on the initial value of the controlled variable, a value of the controlled variable when a driving mode of a switching element of a power converter is set. A driving unit has an integral element and determines, based on an output of the integral element to which a deviation between the predicted value of the controlled variable and a command value of the controlled variable is inputted, an actual driving mode of the switching element to thereby drive the switching element in the determined driving mode.
摘要:
A control system aims at converting, via a switching circuit, a direct current voltage into an alternating current voltage to be applied to multiphase windings of a multiphase rotary machine to thereby control rotation of the multiphase rotary machine. In the control system, a command voltage determiner determines a command voltage value for an alternating current voltage to be applied to the multiphase windings based on a zero crossing of a line-to-line current and a zero crossing of the amount of change in the line-to-line current. A driving unit drives the switching circuit on and off based on the determined command voltage value to thereby modulate the direct current voltage to the alternating current voltage to be applied to the multiphase windings.
摘要:
The variable valve timing controller controls the valve timing of the intake valve. The variable valve timing controller has a shaft, the stator fixed on the engine and generating the magnetic field around the shaft and rotational phase converter converting the torque applied to the shaft. When the valve timing is in the most delayed timing, the engine can be started. The rotational phase of this timing is called the feasible phase. When the stator stops generating the magnetic field, the load torque arise on the shaft. The rotational phase converter varies the rotational phase into the feasible phase with receiving the load torque from the shaft.
摘要:
A reluctance-type motor include a stator having a plurality of salient stator-poles, a rotor having a plurality of salient rotor-poles, a multi-phase coils mounted in the stator, and a driver circuit for driving said multi-phase coil. The driver circuit starts to supply drive current to the multi-phase coils when the salient rotor-poles and the salient stator-poles come across each other. In other words, the drive current is supplied to the multi-phase coils when the inductance thereof is zero.
摘要:
A ball for a ball-point pen is provided comprising cemented carbide of WC—Cr3C2—Co where VC is contained as a solid solution in the Cr3C2—CO phase which is a binder of WC particles and wherein the mean diameter of the WC particles is in the range of from about 0.3 to about 0.5 &mgr;m. In one embodiment of the invention, a portion of the Cr3C2—VC—CO phase exposed on the surface of the ball comprises a plurality of concave recesses.
摘要翻译:提供了一种用于圆珠笔的球,其包括WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Co的硬质合金,其中VC作为固溶体,作为WC颗粒的粘合剂的Cr 3 C 2 -CO相中含有,并且其中WC颗粒的平均直径为 在约0.3至约0.5μm的范围内。 在本发明的一个实施方案中,暴露在球表面上的部分Cr 3 C 2 -VC-CO相包括多个凹陷凹部。
摘要:
There is disclosed a system for controlling air-fuel ratio of a combustion mixture fed to an internal combustion engine. The system comprises an oxygen sensor disposed in an exhaust system of the engine, the oxygen sensor exhibiting a sudden characteristic change when exposed to an exhaust gas produced by a combustible mixture of stoichiometic air-fuel ratio, the oxygen sensor issuing a signal representative of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; first means for substantially linearizing the signal to produce a semi-linearized signal; and second means for controlling the amount of fuel fed to the engine in accordance with the semi-linearized signal.