Abstract:
A method includes producing deposition conditions in a collection area above a reactant liquid containing one or more catalyst metals. The reactant liquid is maintained under conditions in which atoms of the catalyst metal may escape from the reactant liquid into the collection area. A suitable carrier gas is directed to traverse a surface of the reactant liquid and flow along a collection path that passes over a collection surface in the collection area. This flow of carrier gas is maintained so that escaped atoms of catalyst metal are entrained in the gas traversing the surface of the reactant liquid and are deposited on the collection surface prior to or concurrently with nanocarbon structure formation at the collection surface.
Abstract:
A fuse for an electrical discharge reactor made up of a fuse apparatus (10) and a power supply shut down procedure. The fuse apparatus (10) has an end cap (12) that encloses a spring (30) and a rivet (13) or piercing end (14) that is electrically connected to an arcing tube (18), secured to a near end of a strain wire (20), a lower terminal (32) secured to a far end of the strain wire (20), and a contact (24) that is electrically connected to the lower terminal (32). Preferably, the arcing tube (18), strain wire (20), and lower terminal (32) are sheathed in a structure (16) that provides support and electrical insulation such as a quartz tube while ensuring protection of the fuse internal components from the corrosive environment. The power supply shut down procedure includes a synchonized power supply response that lowers the current limit (52) for a set duration to allow the fuse apparatus to clear (54), and then shuts off the current completely (56) for about one second to quench any sustained arcs prior to resuming operations (60).
Abstract:
Method and apparatus for recovering sulfur from an aqueous slurry. The slurry is passed downwardly through a shell-and-tube heat exchanger having vertically arranged tubes, wherein it is heated sufficiently to melt the sulfur. The liquid mixture leaving the heat exchanger is discharged into a first separation zone, in which a phase separation between the lighter aqueous phase and the denser liquid sulfur occurs. The upper aqueous phase is then transported to an intermediate point in the height of a vertically elongated second separation zone, while the molten sulfur is transported from the lower end of the first separation zone to a point adjacent the lower end of said second separation zone, in which an interface between the phases is maintained at a point below the entry point of the aqueous liquid phase into the second separation zone. The aqueous liquid is discharged from the top of the second separation zone, while molten sulfur is discharged from the bottom of said zone.
Abstract:
Apparatus for melting sulphur, including an upstanding tube, or tubes, each being adapted to receive solid sulphur in its top open end and each having a heating jacket therearound. The sulphur along the tube wall is melted and caused to flow along the wall surface and out of the lower end of the tube. A heated plate is spaced from the lower end of the tube whereby flow of the melted sulphur from the tube is permitted, additional sulphur being melted by the plate, and flow of solid sulphur is stopped. The plate is sloped to permit the flow of the liquid sulphur into a trough for flow for storage or use elsewhere.A method of melting sulphur by which solid sulphur is fed into the upper end of a vertical tube. The tube is heated to melt the sulphur against the tube wall. A film of melted sulphur is caused to flow down the wall and out of the tube bottom onto a sloping, heated plate and into a trough for removal or use. The flow of solid sulphur is stopped by the plate.
Abstract:
Apparatus for use therein for heat treating irregular shaped particles of nuclear fuels so as to produce granules of substantially spherical shape comprising preheating the irregular nuclear fuel particles to high temperatures, but below the melting point thereof, separate preheating a carrier gas for the particles, admixing the heated particles with the heated gas, introducing the mixture in predetermined amounts into a high temperature plasma zone, heating the particles in said zone to effect the melting of the surfaces of the particles and to thereby produce the spherical granules.