公开(公告)号：US06396574B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09524156

申请日：2000-03-14

Applicant: Chang Hee Lee ,  Sang Yung Shin ,  Kwang Uk Chu

Inventor： Chang Hee Lee ,  Sang Yung Shin ,  Kwang Uk Chu

IPC: G01N2100

CPC classification number: G01J1/4257 ,  G01J9/00 ,  G01J2009/0226 ,  G02B6/29319 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04B10/07955

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the wavelength, optical power, and an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of each optical signal in wavelength-division-multiplexing optical communication includes: elements for splitting a part of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signals, elements for amplifying the WDM signals and generating spontaneous emission light simultaneously, elements for reflecting a predetermined section of the spontaneous emission light and generating an optical reference signal, and elements for combining the optical reference signal with the part of the WDM signals split by the splitting elements and generating a combined light. The apparatus has components for filtering the combined light at a fixed temperature and generating a waveform which is the same as an optical spectrum of the combined light in the time domain. The apparatus includes elements for converting the waveform into an electrical signal and components for signal processing that measure the wavelength, the optical power, and the OSNR of the WDM signals.

Abstract translation: 用于测量波分复用光通信中每个光信号的波长，光功率和光信噪比（OSNR）的装置包括：用于将波分复用（WDM） 信号，用于放大WDM信号并同时产生自发发射光的元件，用于反射自发发射光的预定部分并产生光学参考信号的元件，以及用于将光学参考信号与WDM信号的一部分分开的元件 分离元件并产生组合光。 该装置具有用于在固定温度下对组合光进行滤波的部件，并产生与时域中的组合光的光谱相同的波形。 该装置包括用于将波形转换成电信号的元件和用于信号处理的组件，用于测量WDM信号的波长，光功率和OSNR。

公开(公告)号：US5047626A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-10

申请号：US460435

申请日：1990-01-03

Applicant: Lloyd C. Bobb ,  Barbara J. White ,  Jon P. Davis

Inventor： Lloyd C. Bobb ,  Barbara J. White ,  Jon P. Davis

IPC: G01J9/02 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01N25/18

CPC classification number: G01N25/18 ,  G01M11/331 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01J2009/0226 ,  G01J2009/0288

Abstract: A physical property of a liquid or of any optical fiber is measured using optical fiber interferometer. A conductive material is disposed upon the surface of a region of a light transmitting optical fiber and the region having the conductive material is disposed in the liquid. Light energy is applied to one end of the fiber and transmitted light is received at the other end of the fiber. Electrical energy is applied to the conductive material disposed upon the surface of the fiber to heat the region of the fiber and cause a change in the optical path length of the light transmitted through the fiber. The physical property of the liquid or optical fiber is determined in accordance with the change in the optical path length of the received light caused by applying the electrical energy to the conductive material. A series of short energy pulses is provided and the average phase change is determined. The conductive material is gold and it encircles the fiber. The gold may be disposed on the jacket of the fiber or the jacket may be removed before disposing the gold.

Abstract translation: 使用光纤干涉仪测量液体或任何光纤的物理性质。 导电材料设置在透光光纤的区域的表面上，并且具有导电材料的区域设置在液体中。 光能被施加到光纤的一端，透射光被接收在光纤的另一端。 将电能施加到设置在光纤表面上的导电材料，以加热光纤的区域并引起透过光纤的光的光程长度的变化。 根据通过将电能施加到导电材料而引起的接收光的光路长度的变化来确定液体或光纤的物理性质。 提供一系列短能脉冲，并确定平均相变。 导电材料是金，它包围纤维。 金可以设置在纤维的护套上，或者在处理金之前可以去除护套。

公开(公告)号：US4861136A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-29

申请号：US72956

申请日：1987-07-15

Applicant: Julian Stone ,  Lawrence W. Stulz

Inventor： Julian Stone ,  Lawrence W. Stulz

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B9/00 ,  G02B26/00 ,  H04B10/145 ,  H04B10/155

CPC classification number: H04B10/572 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G02B6/29359 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/4246 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04B10/506 ,  G01J2003/1247 ,  G01J2003/1252 ,  G01J2009/0226

Abstract: This invention is a new type of Fabry-Perot cavity, and an optical communication system using such a cavity. The inventive Fabry-Perot cavity comprises both a waveguiding portion and a nonwaveguiding portion. In this manner, tunable cavities of desirable mid-range length, necessary to obtain required free spectral ranges, may be fabricated with minimal diffraction losses otherwise associated with cavities of such length. The cavity length may be varied using, for example, piezoelectric elements, and the various cavity elements may be aligned and connected, using fiber connector technology.

公开(公告)号：US4773758A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-27

申请号：US900768

申请日：1986-08-27

Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw

Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01H9/004 ,  G01D5/35303 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01J2009/0226

Abstract: A closed loop optical fiber interferometer is used in sensing a quantity, Q, by applying a time varying or modulated measure of, Q, asymmetrically to the closed loop (24) and detecting phase shift between two counterpropagating optical signals in the closed loop. The closed loop (24) can be used as the sensing element or a separate sensor (68, 70) can develop a time varying signal which is then applied to the closed loop interferometer.

Abstract translation: 闭环光纤干涉仪用于通过对闭环（24）不对称地应用时变或调制测量Q来检测数量Q，并检测闭环中两个反向传播光信号之间的相移。 闭环（24）可以用作感测元件，或者单独的传感器（68,70）可以产生随后施加到闭环干涉仪的时变信号。

公开(公告)号：US20170010133A1

公开(公告)日：2017-01-12

申请号：US15116500

申请日：2014-02-28

Applicant: HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

Inventor： David A. Barfoot

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01J9/02 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/12 ,  E21B47/14

CPC classification number: G01D5/35306 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/065 ,  E21B47/123 ,  E21B47/14 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01J2009/0226

Abstract: An illustrative interferometric system with high-fidelity optical phase demodulation includes a receiver having a fiberoptic coupler that produces optical interferometry signals having mutual phase separations of 120° and balanced photo-detectors that each produce an electrical difference signal based on a respective pair of said optical interferometry signals. The system further includes circuitry that converts the electrical difference signals into measurements of an interferometric phase.

Abstract translation: 具有高保真光相位解调的说明性干涉测量系统包括具有光纤耦合器的接收机，其产生具有120°的相互相位间隔的光学干涉测量信号和平衡光电检测器，每个光电检测器基于相应的一对所述光学器件产生电差信号 干涉测量信号。 该系统还包括将电差信号转换成干涉测量相位的测量的电路。

公开(公告)号：US08514402B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-20

申请号：US12958578

申请日：2010-12-02

Applicant: Kenji Taira

Inventor： Kenji Taira

IPC: G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01J9/04 ,  G01J2009/0226 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/0076 ,  G02B26/103

Abstract: Provided are a photodetector device and a photodetection method as well as a microscope and an endoscope allowing the heterodyne detection of a desired light to be detected with high sensitivity and at a high SN ratio. A photodetector device comprises a local light emitting unit for generating a local light in temporally unstable interference condition with a light to be detected and a photoelectric conversion unit for generating beat signals between the local light and the light to be detected by photoelectric conversion. The light is detected in heterodyne detection based on an output of the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种光电检测器件和光电检测方法以及允许以高灵敏度和高SN比检测期望光的外差检测的显微镜和内窥镜。 光电检测器装置包括：本地发光单元，用于在时间上不稳定的干涉条件下产生局部光，并检测光;以及光电转换单元，用于通过光电转换在本地光和待检测光之间产生拍频信号。 基于光电转换单元的输出，以外差检测方式检测光。

公开(公告)号：US20110235049A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US13131252

申请日：2009-12-04

Applicant: James Gordon Burnett ,  Andrew Maxwell Scott ,  David Caradoc Jones ,  Simon Christopher Woods

Inventor： James Gordon Burnett ,  Andrew Maxwell Scott ,  David Caradoc Jones ,  Simon Christopher Woods

IPC: G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01J9/04 ,  G01J2009/002 ,  G01J2009/0203 ,  G01J2009/0226

Abstract: Wavefront sensing apparatus comprises a beam splitter (106) for combining a wavefront to be characterised (105) with a frequency-shifted plane wavefront (111) and a bundle of optical fibres (112) arranged to detect the combined beam at a plurality of positions across the combined beam. Output from individual fibres of the bundle are detected to produce corresponding heterodyne signals, the phases of which are extracted by demodulation. By fitting the extracted phases to an assumed functional form for the phase of the wavefront to be characterised, the piston, tip, tilt and radius of curvature phase parameters of the wave-front to be characterised may be found at the position of the fibre bundle. In contrast, prior art methods of wavefront characterisation only allow the piston phase of the wavefront to be characterised to be obtained.

Abstract translation: 波前感测装置包括用于将要表征的波阵面（105）与频移平面波前（111）和一束光纤（112）组合的分束器（106），其布置成在多个位置处检测组合的波束 横跨组合梁。 检测到束的各个光纤的输出，以产生相应的外差信号，其相位通过解调提取。 通过将提取的相位拟合为要表征的波阵面的相位的假设函数形式，可以在纤维束的位置处找到要表征的波前的活塞，尖端，倾斜和弯曲半径相位参数 。 相比之下，波前表征的现有技术方法仅允许获得波阵面的活塞相位。

公开(公告)号：US20060039007A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-23

申请号：US11207327

申请日：2005-08-19

Applicant: Seung Kim ,  Hagyong Kihm ,  Jung Park

Inventor： Seung Kim ,  Hagyong Kihm ,  Jung Park

IPC: G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01B9/02039 ,  G01B9/02076 ,  G01B9/02081 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J2009/0203 ,  G01J2009/0223 ,  G01J2009/0226

Abstract: The present invention relates to vibration-insensitive point-diffraction interferometry. For the purpose of obtaining high immunity to vibration, a single-mode optical fiber is used to generate the reference wave, by means of point diffraction, directly from the measurement wave reflected from test objects. The capability of vibration desensitization is further strengthened by adding a spatial phase-shift devise that enables to obtain four interferograms of different amounts of phase shift simultaneously with no time delay between interferograms. The present invention may be effectively used in the design of measuring systems for in-line applications where measurements need to be performed in the presence of significant level of vibration.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及振动不敏感点衍射干涉测量。 为了获得高的抗振动性，单模光纤通过点衍射直接从测试对象反射的测量波中产生参考波。 通过添加空间相移装置进一步加强振动脱敏的能力，空间相移装置能够在干涉图之间没有时间延迟的同时获得不同量的相移的四个干涉图。 本发明可以有效地用于在需要在存在显着水平的振动的情况下进行测量的在线应用的测量系统的设计中。

公开(公告)号：US5157457A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-20

申请号：US592501

申请日：1990-10-03

Applicant: Henry F. Taylor

Inventor： Henry F. Taylor

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/45

CPC classification number: A61B5/1459 ,  G01N21/171 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01J2009/0226 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/451 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2201/084

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sensor which utilizes an optical fiber interferometer to detect the absorption of a modulated laser beam by a particular chemical species. In particular, one embodiment of the present invention comprises a fiber optic system in which light from a continuously operating laser is modulated prior to passing through a region containing a chemical species of interest. Absorption of the light from the laser causes heating of the chemical species which, in turn, emits thermal energy that is transferred to an optical fiber that is situated in close proximity to the region in which the light is absorbed. In turn, the increase of the temperature of the optical fiber results in a change in the fiber's refractive index, thereby resulting in a change in the transmittance of said interferometer. The change in transmittance of the fiber is converted into an electrical signal in a photodetector. Thereafter, the modulated signal from the photodetector is recovered by phase-sensitive detection, using a lock-in amplifier. In this fashion, the amplitude of the output signal from the amplifier is proportional to the amount of light absorbed by the chemical species of interest. The concentration of this chemical species may thus be determined.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种利用光纤干涉仪来检测特定化学物质对被调制的激光束的吸收的传感器。 特别地，本发明的一个实施例包括光纤系统，其中来自连续操作的激光的光在通过包含感兴趣的化学物质的区域之前被调制。 来自激光的光的吸收导致化学物质的加热，其进而发射热能，其转移到位于光吸收区域附近的光纤。 反过来，光纤的温度升高导致纤维折射率的变化，从而导致所述干涉仪的透射率的变化。 在光检测器中，光纤的透射率的变化被转换为电信号。 此后，使用锁定放大器，通过相敏检测来恢复来自光电检测器的调制信号。 以这种方式，来自放大器的输出信号的幅度与感兴趣的化学物质所吸收的光量成比例。 因此可以确定该化学物质的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US5115127A

公开(公告)日：1992-05-19

申请号：US585331

申请日：1990-09-17

Applicant: Lloyd C. Bobb ,  Barbara J. White ,  Jon P. Davis ,  Arthur Samouris

Inventor： Lloyd C. Bobb ,  Barbara J. White ,  Jon P. Davis ,  Arthur Samouris

IPC: G01J9/02 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01N25/18

CPC classification number: G01M11/331 ,  G01M11/33 ,  G01N21/45 ,  G01N25/18 ,  G01J2009/0226 ,  G01J2009/0288

Abstract: A physical property of a fluid or of any optical fiber is measured using anptical fiber interferometer. A conductive material is disposed upon the surface of a region of a light tranmitting optical fiber and the region having the conductive material is disposed in the fluid. Light energy is applied to one end of the fiber and transmitted light is received at the other end of the fiber. Electrical energy is applied to the conductive material disposed upon the surface of the fiber to heat the region of the fiber and cause a change in the optical path length of the light transmitted through the fiber. The physical property of the fluid or optical fiber is determined in accordance with the change in the optical path length or phase of the received light caused by applying the electrical energy to the conductive material. Thermal conductivity is measured using a series of short energy pulses and determining the average phase change. The flow rate of a fluid is measured by measuring the phase change and applied electrical energy upon heating the fiber to an equilibrium temperature. The conductive material is gold and it encircles the fiber. The gold may be disposed on the jacket of the fiber or the jacket may be removed before disposing the gold.

Abstract translation: 使用光纤干涉仪测量流体或任何光纤的物理性质。 导电材料设置在光发射光纤的区域的表面上，并且具有导电材料的区域设置在流体中。 光能被施加到光纤的一端，透射光被接收在光纤的另一端。 将电能施加到设置在光纤表面上的导电材料，以加热光纤的区域并引起透过光纤的光的光程长度的变化。 根据通过将电能施加到导电材料而引起的接收光的光程长度或相位的变化来确定流体或光纤的物理性质。 使用一系列短能量脉冲测量热导率并确定平均相变。 通过在将纤维加热至平衡温度时测量相变和施加的电能来测量流体的流速。 导电材料是金，它包围纤维。 金可以设置在纤维的护套上，或者在处理金之前可以去除护套。