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    METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING THE AVERAGE ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS OF MATERIALS
    33.
    发明申请
    METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING THE AVERAGE ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS OF MATERIALS 审中-公开
    用于确定平均原子数和材料质量的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20130315377A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-11-28

    申请号：US13855282

    申请日：2013-04-02

    Applicant: Passport Systmes, Inc.

    Inventor： Robert J. Ledoux ,  William Bertozzi

    IPC: G01N23/20

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/20083 ,  G01N23/201

    Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems of scanning a target for potential threats using the energy spectra of photons scattered from the target to determine the spatial distributions of average atomic number and/or mass in the target. An exemplary method comprises: illuminating each of a plurality of voxels of the target with a photon beam; determining an incident flux upon each voxel; measuring the energy spectrum of photons scattered from the voxel; determining, using the energy spectrum, the average atomic number in the voxel; and determining the mass in the voxel using the incident flux, the average atomic number of the material in the voxel, the energy spectrum, and a scattering kernel corresponding to the voxel. An exemplary system may use threat detection heuristics to determine whether to trigger further action based upon the average atomic number and/or mass of the voxels.

    Abstract translation: 本文公开了使用从目标散射的光子的能谱对潜在威胁进行扫描的方法和系统，以确定目标中平均原子数和/或质量的空间分布。 一种示例性方法包括：用光子束照射目标的多个体素中的每一个; 确定每个体素的入射通量; 测量从体素散射的光子的能谱; 使用能谱确定体素中的平均原子数; 并且使用入射磁通量确定体素中的质量，体素中的材料的平均原子数，能谱和对应于体素的散射核。 示例性系统可以使用威胁检测启发式来确定是否基于体素的平均原子数和/或质量触发进一步的动作。

    SAMPLE ANALYSIS
    34.
    发明申请
    SAMPLE ANALYSIS 有权
    样本分析

    公开(公告)号：US20130208859A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-08-15

    申请号：US13703679

    申请日：2011-06-20

    Applicant: Paul Evans

    Inventor： Paul Evans

    IPC: G01N23/20

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20083 ,  G01N23/083 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/0033 ,  G06T7/0002 ,  G06T2207/10116

    Abstract: A method of sample analysis comprises irradiating a sample with electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays; collecting absorption data and scattering data; and combining the absorption and scattering data. The irradiation can be in the form of a tubular beam, a detector may be placed in a plane where Debye cones diffracted from the sample overlap at a central point for the collection of the scattering data.

    Abstract translation: 样品分析的方法包括用诸如X射线的电磁辐射照射样品; 收集吸收数据和散射数据; 并结合吸收和散射数据。 照射可以是管状束的形式，检测器可以放置在从样品衍射的德拜锥在中心点重叠的平面中，以收集散射数据。

    Particle detection and applications in security and portal monitoring
    35.
    发明授权
    Particle detection and applications in security and portal monitoring 有权
    粒子检测和应用在安全和门户监控

    公开(公告)号：US08247767B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-21

    申请号：US12447459

    申请日：2007-10-26

    Applicant: Christopher L. Morris ,  Mark F. Makela

    Inventor： Christopher L. Morris ,  Mark F. Makela

    IPC: G01N23/00

    CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0075 ,  G06F17/18

    Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons. In one implementation, a monitoring system has a cosmic ray-produced charged particle tracker with a plurality of drift cells. The drift cells, which can be for example aluminum drift tubes, can be arranged at least above and below a volume to be scanned to thereby track incoming and outgoing charged particles, such as cosmic ray-produced muons, while also detecting gamma rays. The system can selectively detect devices or materials, such as iron, lead, gold and/or tungsten, occupying the volume from multiple scattering of the charged particles passing through the volume and can also detect any radioactive sources occupying the volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom. If necessary, the drift tubes can be sealed to eliminate the need for a gas handling system. The system can be employed to inspect occupied vehicles at border crossings for nuclear threat objects.

    Abstract translation: 用于检测诸如μ子之类的颗粒的技术，装置和系统。 在一个实现中，监视系统具有带有多个漂移单元的宇宙射线产生的带电粒子跟踪器。 可以将漂移电池（例如铝漂移管）布置在待扫描的体积的至少上方和下方，从而跟踪进入和离开的带电粒子，例如宇宙射线产生的μ子，同时还检测伽马射线。 该系统可以选择性地检测诸如铁，铅，金和/或钨的装置或材料，其占据通过该体积的带电粒子的多次散射的体积，并且还可以检测占据由其发射的γ射线的体积的任何放射源 。 如有必要，漂移管可以被密封，以消除对气体处理系统的需要。 该系统可用于检查过境点的被占用车辆的核威胁物体。

    Two dimensional small angle X-Ray scattering camera
    36.
    发明授权
    Two dimensional small angle X-Ray scattering camera 有权
    二维小角度X射线散射相机

    公开(公告)号：US08094780B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-01-10

    申请号：US12753989

    申请日：2010-04-05

    Applicant: Licai Jiang

    Inventor： Licai Jiang

    IPC: G01N23/201

    CPC classification number: G21K1/04 ,  G01N23/20008 ,  G01N23/201

    Abstract: A two-dimensional x-ray scattering camera includes a source, an optic, a detector, and a pair of collimating blocks. The source emits x-ray beams that are reflected by the optic towards a sample. The detector detects scattering from the sample, the pair of collimating blocks is positioned between the optic and the detector to collimate the beam. A bottom surface of one block is substantially parallel a top surface of the other block, and the blocks are rotatable relative to the beam about a pivot. The system forms a two-dimensional beam that is symmetric about the primary beam axis at the detector position, regardless how the beam is collimated by the collimating blocks. The system therefore eliminates smearing and can be used for anisotropic small angle scattering at high resolution and low Qmin.

    Abstract translation: 二维X射线散射照相机包括光源，光学元件，检测器和一对准直块。 源发射由光学器件朝向样品反射的x射线束。 检测器检测来自样品的散射，该对准直块位于光学元件和检测器之间以准直该光束。 一个块的底表面基本上平行于另一个块的顶表面，并且块可围绕枢轴相对于梁旋转。 该系统形成了在检测器位置处关于主波束轴对称的二维波束，而不管射束如何被准直块准直。 因此，该系统消除了污迹，可以用于高分辨率和低Qmin的各向异性小角度散射。

    CD-GISAXS system and method
    37.
    发明授权
    CD-GISAXS system and method 有权
    CD-GISAXS系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07920676B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-05

    申请号：US11774183

    申请日：2007-07-06

    Applicant: Wenbing Yun ,  Yuxin Wang ,  Srivatsan Seshadri ,  Kenneth W. Nill

    Inventor： Wenbing Yun ,  Yuxin Wang ,  Srivatsan Seshadri ,  Kenneth W. Nill

    IPC: G01N23/20

    CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G03F7/70625

    Abstract: CD-GISAXS achieves reduced measurement times by increasing throughput using longer wavelength radiation (˜12×, for example) such as x-rays in reflective geometry to increase both the collimation acceptance angle of the incident beams and the scattering signal strength, resulting in a substantial combined throughput gain. This wavelength selection and geometry can result in a dramatic reduction in measurement time. Furthermore, the capabilities of the CD-GISAXS can be extended to meet many of the metrology needs of future generations of semiconductor manufacturing and nanostructure characterization, for example.

    Abstract translation: CD-GISAXS通过使用较长波长辐射（例如约12×）（例如反射几何形状的x射线）提高吞吐量来实现缩短的测量时间，以增加入射光束的准直接收角和散射信号强度，从而导致 实质的组合吞吐量增益。 这种波长选择和几何结构可以大大减少测量时间。 此外，CD-GISAXS的功能可以扩展，以满足未来几代半导体制造和纳米结构表征的许多计量需求。

    Determination of time zero from a charged particle detector
    38.
    发明授权
    Determination of time zero from a charged particle detector 有权
    从带电粒子检测器确定时间零点

    公开(公告)号：US07908121B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-15

    申请号：US11977313

    申请日：2007-10-24

    Applicant: Jesse Andrew Green

    Inventor： Jesse Andrew Green

    IPC: G01T5/00 ,  G01N23/00 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G21K1/00 ,  G21K1/10 ,  G06F19/00

    CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0075 ,  G06F17/18

    Abstract: A method, system and computer program is used to determine a linear track having a good fit to a most likely or expected path of charged particle passing through a charged particle detector having a plurality of drift cells. Hit signals from the charged particle detector are associated with a particular charged particle track. An initial estimate of time zero is made from these hit signals and linear tracks are then fit to drift radii for each particular time-zero estimate. The linear track having the best fit is then searched and selected and errors in fit and tracking parameters computed. The use of large and expensive fast detectors needed to time zero in the charged particle detectors can be avoided by adopting this method and system.

    Abstract translation: 使用方法，系统和计算机程序来确定具有与通过具有多个漂移单元的带电粒子检测器的带电粒子的最可能或预期路径良好拟合的线性轨迹。 来自带电粒子检测器的命中信号与特定带电粒子轨迹相关联。 对这些命中信号进行时间零的初始估计，然后将线性轨迹拟合到每个特定时间 - 零估计的漂移半径。 然后搜索和选择具有最佳拟合的线性轨迹，并计算拟合和跟踪参数中的误差。 通过采用这种方法和系统，可以避免在带电粒子检测器中使用大而昂贵的快速检测器达到零时间。

    Collimator fabrication
    39.
    发明授权
    Collimator fabrication 有权
    准直器制造

    公开(公告)号：US07838856B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-11-23

    申请号：US12265825

    申请日：2008-11-06

    Applicant: James M. Pinchot

    Inventor： James M. Pinchot

    IPC: G21F5/00 ,  G01N23/201

    CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  G21F5/00 ,  G21K1/00 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/025 ,  G21K2201/00 ,  B22F3/008

    Abstract: A collimator that formed from a plurality of metal layers that are shaped by use of lithographic techniques in specific shapes. The formed metal layers are stacked and aligned together and then connected together to form the collimator.

    Abstract translation: 由通过使用特定形状的光刻技术成形的多个金属层形成的准直器。 形成的金属层被堆叠并对齐在一起，然后连接在一起以形成准直器。

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