公开(公告)号：US06493419B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09884229

申请日：2001-06-19

Applicant: Mark Dinsmore

Inventor： Mark Dinsmore

IPC: A61N510

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  A61N5/1001 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: A therapeutic radiation source includes a spiral-shaped, laser-heated thermionic cathode. A fiber optic cable directs a beam of radiation, having a power level sufficient to heat at least a portion of the electron-emissive surface to an electron emitting temperature, from a laser source onto the cathode. The cathode generates an electron beam along a beam path by thermionic emission, and strikes a target positioned in its beam path. The target includes radiation emissive material that emits therapeutic radiation in response to incident accelerated electrons from the electron beam. The spiral-shaped conductive element has a plurality of spaced apart turns, and is disposed in a vacuum. An interstitial spacing is defined between adjacent turns, so that heat transfer across the spacing between each adjacent turn is essentially eliminated, thereby substantially reducing heat loss in the cathode caused by thermal conduction.

Abstract translation: 治疗性辐射源包括螺旋状激光加热的热离子阴极。 光纤电缆将具有足以将至少一部分电子发射表面的电子发射温度从激光源加热到阴极的辐射束引导。 阴极通过热离子发射沿光束路径产生电子束，并且撞击位于其光束路径中的目标。 目标包括响应于来自电子束的入射加速电子发射治疗辐射的辐射发射材料。 螺旋状导电元件具有多个间隔开的匝，并且设置在真空中。 在相邻匝之间限定间隙，从而基本上消除了每个相邻匝之间的间隔的热传递，从而大大减少了由热传导引起的阴极热损失。

公开(公告)号：US06438206B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09693187

申请日：2000-10-20

Applicant: Guy Shinar ,  Aharon Goldschmidt

Inventor： Guy Shinar ,  Aharon Goldschmidt

IPC: A61N500

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61N5/1002 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: An apparatus and method for in-situ x-ray radiation treatment utilizes different types of miniature energy transducers to emit x-rays. Each type of energy transducer includes a transducer body, a cathode provided at one end of the transducer body, and an anode provided at another end of the transducer body. The transducer body, cathode and anode define a cavity that communicates with an evacuation opening. A desired vacuum is achieved and maintained by a dynamic pumping mechanism that draws a vacuum in the cavity via the evacuation opening.

Abstract translation: 用于原位X射线辐射处理的装置和方法利用不同类型的微型能量换能器来发射X射线。 每种类型的能量换能器包括换能器主体，设置在换能器主体一端的阴极和设置在换能器本体的另一端的阳极。 换能器主体，阴极和阳极限定与抽空开口连通的空腔。 通过动态泵送机构实现和维持期望的真空，其通过抽空开口在空腔中吸取真空。

公开(公告)号：US20020063500A1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-30

申请号：US09827918

申请日：2001-04-09

Applicant: Medirad I.R.T. Ltd.

Inventor： Hanan Keren

IPC: H01J007/26

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  A61N5/1001 ,  A61N5/1002 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2201/30469 ,  H01J2235/1204 ,  H01J2235/1262 ,  H01J2235/164 ,  H01J2235/205

Abstract: An X-ray tube includes an evacuated envelope; a cold cathode mounted at one end of the envelope and capable of field emission of electrons when subjected to a high electrostatic field; and an anode mounted at the opposite end of the envelope coaxial with and axially spaced from the cathode, and capable of emitting X-rays when struck by electrons emitted by the cathode. The envelope includes an end wall made of thermally-conductive and electrically-insulating material in contact with the anode and formed with a fluid cooling channel to remove the heat generated at the anode. In one described embodiment, the cathode includes a body of a getter material which is both electron emissive and gas absorptive. In other described embodiments, the cathode includes a carbon nanotube field-emission electron source.

Abstract translation: X射线管包括抽真空的外壳; 安装在外壳一端的冷阴极，当经受高静电场时能够发射电子; 安装在与阴极同轴并且与阴极轴向间隔开的外壳的相对端处的阳极，并且能够在被阴极发射的电子撞击时发射X射线。 外壳包括由导热和电绝缘材料制成的端壁，其与阳极接触并形成有流体冷却通道以去除在阳极处产生的热量。 在一个所描述的实施例中，阴极包括吸气剂材料的主体，其既是电子发射的又是气体吸收的。 在其它描述的实施例中，阴极包括碳纳米管场致发射电子源。

公开(公告)号：US20020054665A1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-09

申请号：US09792071

申请日：2001-02-26

Inventor： Jonas Tiren

IPC: H01J035/02

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: Miniature X-ray source comprising an insulation structure defining a cavity where an anode and a cathode are arranged, said cavity being evacuated, connecting means arranged to connect the anode and the cathode to a high voltage source in order to energise the X-ray source. The insulation structure includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer facing the cavity and has a low gas permeability, and the second layer is arranged outside said first layer and has a high electrical break-through voltage. The electrical break-through voltage for the insulation structure is above a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract translation: 微型X射线源包括限定其中布置有阳极和阴极的空腔的绝缘结构，所述空腔被抽真空，连接装置被布置成将阳极和阴极连接到高电压源，以激励X射线源 。 所述绝缘结构包括第一层和第二层，所述第一层面向所述空腔并且具有低的透气性，所述第二层布置在所述第一层的外侧并具有高的电穿透电压。 绝缘结构的电穿透电压高于预定阈值。

公开(公告)号：US06319188B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09299304

申请日：1999-04-26

Applicant: Paul A. Lovoi

Inventor： Paul A. Lovoi

IPC: A61N500

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  A61N2005/1022 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: A vascular X-ray probe is formed of an optical fiber cable with a high voltage conductor embedded in the optical fiber and an external ground coating, feeding power to a small X-ray tube at the end of the cable. The optical fiber provides a conduit for optical radiation, preferably a laser beam, fed to a thermionic cathode mounted at the end of the light path, so that the laser beam heats the cathode causing it to emit electrons. An anode/X-ray target is opposite the cathode within the evacuated X-ray tube, and the ground lead is fed to the anode via an external ground coating over the tube. The X-ray tube is in preferred embodiments is less than 3 mm in diameter, and more preferably about 1.5 mm. In one embodiment the tube is formed directly in the end of the optical fiber cable, with the anode mounted on an exit window.

Abstract translation: 血管X射线探针由具有嵌入在光纤中的高压导体的光纤电缆和外部地面涂层形成，向电缆端部的小X射线管供电。 该光纤提供用于光辐射的导管，优选地，激光束被馈送到安装在光路端部的热离子阴极，使得激光束加热阴极而使其发射电子。 阳极/ X射线靶与真空X射线管内的阴极相对，并且接地引线通过管上的外部地面涂层进入阳极。 在优选实施例中，X射线管直径小于3mm，更优选约1.5mm。 在一个实施例中，管直接形成在光纤电缆的端部，阳极安装在出口窗口上。

公开(公告)号：US20010016027A1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-23

申请号：US09748590

申请日：2000-12-22

Inventor： Mark Dinsmore

IPC: H01J035/06

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  H01J35/065 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/087 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: This invention is directed to a radiation source comprising a power supply, a flexible fiber optic cable assembly, a light source, and a target assembly. The power supply includes a first terminal and a second terminal, and elements for establishing an output voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal. The flexible fiber optical cable assembly has an originating end and a terminating end, and includes a fiber optical element extending from the originating end to the terminating end. The cable is adapted for transmitting light incident on the originating end to the terminating end. The light source includes elements for generating a beam of light at and directed to the originating end of the fiber optical cable assembly. The target assembly is affixed to the terminating end of the fiber optical cable assembly and is electrically coupled to the power supply by way of the first terminal and the second terminal. The target assembly includes elements for emitting radiation in a predetermined spectral range, in response to light transmitted to the terminating end.

公开(公告)号：US6134295A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US181861

申请日：1998-10-29

Applicant: Thomas H. Kirby ,  Donna Siergiej ,  Edl Schamiloglu

Inventor： Thomas H. Kirby ,  Donna Siergiej ,  Edl Schamiloglu

IPC: A61N5/10 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H01J35/00

CPC classification number: H05G2/00 ,  A61N5/1049 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: An apparatus dedicated to taking diagnostic quality images to confirm the accuracy of radiotherapy treatments. The apparatus is sufficiently compact to be used in the existing treatment heads of linear accelerators capable of delivering both electron and x-ray radiation. A compact electron drift tube is made long enough to penetrate the substantial shielding of a linear accelerator, thereby obviating the need to locate the entire generating device within the head of the machine. The diameter of the drift tube of the present invention is made small enough to penetrate the shielding without causing undue leakage of radiation.

Abstract translation: 专门用于诊断质量图像以确认放射治疗的准确性的装置。 该装置足够紧凑，可用于能够传送电子和X射线辐射的线性加速器的现有处理头中。 紧凑的电子漂移管被制造得足够长以穿透线性加速器的基本屏蔽，从而避免了将整个发电装置定位在机器的头部内的需要。 本发明的漂移管的直径被制成足够小以穿透屏蔽而不会导致辐射的不适当的泄漏。

公开(公告)号：US6069938A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US67844

申请日：1998-04-27

Applicant: Victor Ivan Chornenky ,  Dale Loren Schreiner ,  Graham Steven Kerslick ,  Michael Roy Satteson ,  Ali Jaafar

Inventor： Victor Ivan Chornenky ,  Dale Loren Schreiner ,  Graham Steven Kerslick ,  Michael Roy Satteson ,  Ali Jaafar

IPC: A61N5/10 ,  H01J35/22 ,  H05G1/20 ,  H05G1/32 ,  H05G1/34 ,  H01J35/32

CPC classification number: A61N5/1001 ,  H05G1/20 ,  H01J2201/304 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: An apparatus and method for exposing a treatment site in a patient to x-ray radiation is described that uses a pulse voltage source, where the x-ray emitter employs a cold cathode. The invention may further include a current sensor for measuring a current through the x-ray emitter, and, optionally, a current integrator connected to the current sensor. Each voltage pulse may be discontinued when a predetermined amount of charge has passed through the emitter. The step of moving an x-ray emitter past a treatment area at a rate determined by the amount of charge that has passed through the emitter is also described. The present invention also includes an x-ray emitter device with rectangular voltage pulses added to a base direct current voltage. Another step of the invention may be applying a voltage pulse cycle to the x-ray emitter where a duration of the pulse is 2-5 times lower than a thermal relaxation time of an emitter.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于将患者中的治疗部位暴露于X射线辐射的装置和方法，其使用脉冲电压源，其中x射线发射器采用冷阴极。 本发明还可以包括用于测量通过x射线发射器的电流的电流传感器，以及可选地连接到电流传感器的电流积分器。 当预定量的电荷通过发射器时，每个电压脉冲可能被中止。 还描述了以通过发射器的电荷量确定的速率将x射线发射器移动经过处理区域的步骤。 本发明还包括一个x射线发射器件，其具有添加到基极直流电压的矩形电压脉冲。 本发明的另一个步骤可以是向x射线发射器施加电压脉冲周期，其中脉冲持续时间比发射极的热松弛时间低2-5倍。

公开(公告)号：US11749490B2

公开(公告)日：2023-09-05

申请号：US17518130

申请日：2021-11-03

Applicant: Pascal Ponard

Inventor： Pascal Ponard

IPC: H01J35/16 ,  H01J35/20 ,  H01J35/32

CPC classification number: H01J35/16 ,  H01J35/20 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/163 ,  H01J2235/164

Abstract: Methods and means for reduced ng the overall diameter of an x-ray tube by recessing the vacuum pumping port stub within the ground plane of the x-ray tube without adversely affecting the electrostatic fields within the vacuum tube itself are provided. In one embodiment, x-ray tubes of smaller diameter, which can be used within the highly confined diameters typically found within the pressure housings of borehole tools are used.

公开(公告)号：US08300769B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-30

申请号：US12743496

申请日：2008-11-13

Applicant: Dae Jun Kim ,  Yoon Ho Song ,  Jin Woo Jeong

Inventor： Dae Jun Kim ,  Yoon Ho Song ,  Jin Woo Jeong

IPC: H01J35/00

CPC classification number: H01J35/065 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/16 ,  H01J2235/062 ,  H01J2235/068 ,  H01J2235/087 ,  H01J2235/164 ,  H01J2235/186

Abstract: A microminiature X-ray tube with a triode structure using a nano emitter is provided, which can increase a field emission region as much as possible by means of nano emitters fine-patterned in a cathode to not only increase an emission current per unit area as much as possible but secure high electrical characteristics, reliability, and structural stability by means of a cover and a bonding material. In addition, gate holes having a macro structure can be formed in the gate to promote electron beam focusing by means of the gate without using a separate focusing electrode and to prevent a leakage current from occurring on the gate. Further, an auxiliary electrode can be formed on a top or an inner surface of a cover applied for structural stability to further promote the electron beam focusing and to control the output amounts per individual X-ray tubes output.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种具有使用纳米发射极的三极管结构的微型X射线管，其可以通过在阴极中精细图案化的纳米发射体尽可能多地增加场发射区域，以便不仅增加每单位面积的发射电流 尽可能地通过盖和接合材料确保高的电气特性，可靠性和结构稳定性。 此外，可以在栅极中形成具有宏观结构的栅极孔，以通过栅极促进电子束聚焦，而不使用单独的聚焦电极并防止在栅极上发生漏电流。 此外，可以在用于结构稳定性的盖的顶表面或内表面上形成辅助电极，以进一步促进电子束聚焦并且控制每个X射线管输出的输出量。