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公开(公告)号：US07714172B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-11
申请号：US12306827
申请日：2007-06-27
申请人： Joaquim Henrique Teles , Beatrice Röβler , Rolf Pinkos , Gerd Tebben , Christian Müller , Harald Rust
发明人： Joaquim Henrique Teles , Beatrice Röβler , Rolf Pinkos , Gerd Tebben , Christian Müller , Harald Rust
IPC分类号： C07C45/27
CPC分类号： C07C45/28 , C07C45/62 , C07C45/80 , C07C45/81 , C07C45/82 , C07C45/85 , C07C2601/18 , C07C2601/20 , C07C49/607 , C07C49/413
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises at least the steps (a) oxidation of a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic alkene which has from 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least one C—C double bond by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A), (b) treatment of the composition (A) with at least one base to give a composition (B), (c) hydrogenation of the composition (B) in the presence of at least one catalyst to give a composition (C), (d) purification of the composition (C), comprising at least the steps (di) thermal treatment of the composition (C) with at least one acid or at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal, (dii) further purification by a method selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备具有7至16个碳原子的环酮的方法，其至少包括步骤（a）氧化包含至少一个具有7至16个碳原子的环烯烃的组合物（I） 和至少一个C-C双键，得到组合物（A），（b）用至少一种碱处理组合物（A），得到组合物（B），（c）氢化 所述组合物（B）在至少一种催化剂的存在下反应以得到组合物（C），（d）组合物（C）的纯化，所述组合物（C）至少包含步骤（ii）组合物（C） 至少一种酸或至少一种包含至少一种过渡金属的催化剂，（dii）通过选自蒸馏，萃取和结晶的方法进一步纯化。
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公开(公告)号：US07714171B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-11
申请号：US12306807
申请日：2007-06-27
申请人： Rolf Pinkos , Gerd Tebben , Alexander Hauk , Christian Müller , Harald Rust
发明人： Rolf Pinkos , Gerd Tebben , Alexander Hauk , Christian Müller , Harald Rust
IPC分类号： C07C45/27
CPC分类号： C07C45/85 , C07C45/33 , C07C45/34 , C07C45/58 , C07C45/62 , C07C45/80 , C07C45/81 , C07C45/82 , C07C49/413 , C07C49/607
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises thermal treatment of the composition (I) with at least one acid and further purification by means of a process selected from the group consisting of distillation, extraction and crystallization, Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclododecanone, which comprises such a purification, and the use of at least one acid for purifying a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms by thermal treatment of the composition (I) with the acid.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种纯化包含至少一种具有7至16个碳原子的环酮的组合物（I）的方法，其包括用至少一种酸对组合物（I）进行热处理，并进一步通过 选自蒸馏，萃取和结晶的方法。此外，本发明涉及一种制备环十二烷酮的方法，其包括这种纯化，以及使用至少一种酸来纯化至少包含（I）的组合物 一种具有7-16个碳原子的环酮，通过组合物（I）与酸的热处理。
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公开(公告)号：US20090281357A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-12
申请号：US12306841
申请日：2007-06-27
IPC分类号： C07C45/27
CPC分类号： C07C45/28 , C07C45/62 , C07C45/85 , C07C2601/20 , C07C49/607 , C07C49/413
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cyclic ketone having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms, which comprises at least the steps (a) oxidation of a composition (I) comprising at least one cyclic olefin which has from 7 to 16 carbon atoms and at least one C—C double bond by means of dinitrogen monoxide to give a composition (A), (b) treatment of the composition (A) with at least one base to give a composition (B).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备具有7至16个碳原子的环酮的方法，其至少包括步骤（a）包含至少一种具有7至16个碳原子的环烯烃的组合物（I）的氧化 和至少一个CC双键，得到组合物（A），（b）用至少一个碱处理组合物（A）以得到组合物（B）。
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公开(公告)号：US07348807B2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-25
申请号：US11219633
申请日：2005-09-02
申请人： Vincenzo Costa , Christian Müller
发明人： Vincenzo Costa , Christian Müller
CPC分类号： G05F3/262 , H03K5/082 , H03K5/2481 , H03K5/249
摘要： An electric circuit for providing a selection signal being used to select a control value of a control variable which oscillates, at steady state, about a reference value about a first control value and a second control value with a first period duration comprises a first differential circuit which provides a first current being dependent on a difference between the first control value and the reference value. The electric circuit further comprises a second differential circuit which provides a second current being dependent on a difference between the reference value and the second value and a first node at which a differential current between the first current and the second current is formed. The differential current forms the selection signal indicating if the first control value or the second value is to be selected in order to minimize a difference between the reference signal and control variable. A first current mirror circuit of the electric circuit is connected between the first differential circuit and the first node in order to pass the first current to the first node and a second current mirror circuit and a third current mirror circuit of the electric circuit are connected in series. The second and third current mirror circuits are connected between the second differential circuit and the first node in order to pass the second current to the first node.
摘要翻译： 一种用于提供选择信号的电路，用于选择控制变量的控制值，所述控制变量在稳定状态下围绕关于第一控制值的参考值和具有第一周期持续时间的第二控制值振荡，所述控制变量包括第一差分电路 其提供依赖于第一控制值和参考值之间的差的第一电流。 电路还包括第二差分电路，其提供依赖于参考值和第二值之间的差的第二电流，以及形成第一电流和第二电流之间的差分电流的第一节点。 差分电流形成指示是否选择第一控制值或第二值的选择信号，以便最小化参考信号和控制变量之间的差。 电路的第一电流镜电路连接在第一差分电路和第一节点之间，以便将第一电流传递到第一节点，并且连接电路的第二电流镜电路和第三电流镜电路 系列。 第二和第三电流镜电路连接在第二差分电路和第一节点之间，以便将第二电流传递到第一节点。
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公开(公告)号：US06949778B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-27
申请号：US10637704
申请日：2003-08-11
CPC分类号： B82Y25/00 , H01F10/3213 , H01F10/3254 , H01F10/3286 , H01L29/66984
摘要： This invention relates to a semiconductor array having a first semiconducting layer and a second semiconducting layer made of a ferromagnetic material, which is coupled to the first semiconducting layer in such a way that a spin-polarized state of the semiconducting charge carriers is injected into the first semiconducting layer. The second semiconducting layer interacts with charge carriers made available outside of the second semiconducting layer in such a way that a high spin polarization is created in the second semiconducting layer at least 250 Kelvin.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有第一半导电层和由铁磁材料制成的第二半导电层的半导体阵列，其以这样的方式耦合到第一半导体层，使得将半导电载流子的自旋极化状态注入到 第一半导电层。 第二半导体层与在第二半导体层外部可获得的电荷载流子相互作用，使得在第二半导体层中产生至少250开尔文的高自旋极化。
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公开(公告)号：US06426192B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09403805
申请日：2000-01-19
IPC分类号： C12Q156
CPC分类号： G01N33/86 , G01N2333/4626 , G01N2333/96461 , G01N2333/96463 , G01N2400/40 , Y10S435/975
摘要： The method relates to a method for detecting disorders in the protein C system, and in particular for determining the activated blood coagulation factor V with increased stability with respect to decomposition by activated protein C.
摘要翻译： 该方法涉及一种用于检测蛋白质C系统中的疾病的方法，特别是用于通过活化的蛋白质C分解增加的稳定性来确定活化的血液凝固因子V.
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47.发明授权Unit for determining the type of a dominating light source by means of two photodiodes 有权用于通过两个光电二极管确定主导光源的类型的单元公开(公告)号：US09423296B2
公开(公告)日：2016-08-23
申请号：US14007962
申请日：2011-03-29
申请人： Christian Müller
发明人： Christian Müller
CPC分类号： G01J1/4228 , G01J3/0264 , G01J3/36 , G01J3/427
摘要： The invention relates to a unit (1) for determining the dominant light source type in electromagnetic radiation (2) incident on the unit (1) and generated from a plurality of light sources of different types. The unit comprises at least one first photodiode (10) designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range and to generate a first output signal (11). The unit comprises at least one second photodiode (20) designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range and to generate a second output signal (21). The unit comprises at least one calculation unit (30) designed to derive a quotient result (23) and a frequency result (13) from the first (11) and second (21) output signals. The frequency result (13) provides information about the presence or absence of signal components in a predetermined frequency range contained in the electromagnetic radiation. The unit comprises at least one evaluation unit (40) designed to derive the dominant light source type from the quotient result (23) and the frequency result (13).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定入射在单元（1）上并由多个不同类型的光源产生的电磁辐射（2）中的主要光源类型的单元（1）。 该单元包括设计成检测可见光谱范围内的电磁辐射并产生第一输出信号（11）的至少一个第一光电二极管（10）。 该单元包括设计成检测红外光谱范围内的电磁辐射并产生第二输出信号（21）的至少一个第二光电二极管（20）。 该单元包括设计成从第一（11）和第二（21）输出信号导出商结果（23）和频率结果（13）的至少一个计算单元（30）。 频率结果（13）提供关于包含在电磁辐射中的预定频率范围中信号分量的存在或不存在的信息。 该单元包括设计成从商结果（23）和频率结果（13）导出主要光源类型的至少一个评估单元（40）。
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48.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09174192B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US13380207
申请日：2010-01-19
申请人： Joaquim Henrique Teles , Peter Resch , Wilhelm Ruppel , Ulrike Wegerle , Wolfgang Gerlinger , Beatrice Röβler-Feigel , Anton Meier , Christian Müller
发明人： Joaquim Henrique Teles , Peter Resch , Wilhelm Ruppel , Ulrike Wegerle , Wolfgang Gerlinger , Beatrice Röβler-Feigel , Anton Meier , Christian Müller
CPC分类号： B01J19/2425 , B01J4/001 , B01J19/006 , B01J2219/00085 , B01J2219/00166 , F28D7/16 , F28F9/0265 , F28F9/0275 , F28F9/0278 , Y02P20/582
摘要： The invention relates to a tube bundle reactor with a flat feed hood. Alternatively, the release hood may also have a flat design. The flat design reduces the heat of reaction which arises in the hood in the case of reaction types which take place not only in the tube bundle (uncatalyzed reactions and reactions with homogeneously distributed catalyst). This greatly suppresses undesired reactions which already take place in the hood owing to accumulated heat, which achieves a higher selectivity in the case of thermally sensitive reactions. In addition, the thermal distribution within the hoods can be controlled precisely.The tube bundle reactor comprises a tube bundle which has a feed end which is connected to a feed hood of the tube bundle reactor, wherein the feed hood is configured in a flat design with a cross-sectional area at the feed end and an internal volume, and the ratio of internal volume to cross-sectional area is less than 0.35 m. The invention is further implemented by means of a process for operating a tube bundle reactor, comprising: introducing a reactant mixture into a tube bundle and converting at least a proportion of the reactant mixture within the tube bundle to a product. The introducing comprises: feeding the reactant mixture into an interior of a feed hood of the tube bundle reactor and passing the reactant mixture on into a feed end of the tube bundle in the form of a fluid stream. The fluid stream has a cross-sectional area on entry into the feed end, and the interior of the feed hood through which the fluid stream flows has an internal volume; where the ratio of internal volume to cross-sectional area is less than 0.35 m.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有扁平进料罩的管束反应器。 或者，释放罩也可以具有平坦的设计。 在反应类型不仅在管束（未催化的反应和具有均匀分布的催化剂的反应）的情况下，扁平设计减少了发动机罩中产生的反应热。 这大大地抑制了由于积热而在罩中发生的不期望的反应，这在热敏反应的情况下实现了更高的选择性。 此外，可以精确地控制罩内的热分布。 管束反应器包括管束，其具有连接到管束反应器的进料罩的进料端，其中进料罩构造成平坦设计，在进料端具有横截面积，内部体积 ，内部体积与横截面积的比值小于0.35μm。 通过用于操作管束反应器的方法进一步实现本发明，其包括：将反应物混合物引入管束并将至少一部分管束内的反应物混合物转化成产物。 引入包括：将反应物混合物进料到管束反应器的进料罩的内部，并将反应物混合物以流体流的形式送入管束的进料端。 流体流在进入进料端时具有横截面面积，流体流流过的进料罩的内部具有内部容积; 其中内部体积与横截面积的比值小于0.35μm。
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49.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20140077070A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-20
申请号：US14007962
申请日：2011-03-29
申请人： Christian Müller
发明人： Christian Müller
IPC分类号： G01J1/42
CPC分类号： G01J1/4228 , G01J3/0264 , G01J3/36 , G01J3/427
摘要： The invention relates to a unit (1) for determining the dominant light source type in electromagnetic radiation (2) incident on the unit (1) and generated from a plurality of light sources of different types. The unit comprises at least one first photodiode (10) designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range and to generate a first output signal (11). The unit comprises at least one second photodiode (20) designed to detect electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range and to generate a second output signal (21). The unit comprises at least one calculation unit (30) designed to derive a quotient result (23) and a frequency result (13) from the first (11) and second (21) output signals. The frequency result (13) provides information about the presence or absence of signal components in a predetermined frequency range contained in the electromagnetic radiation. The unit comprises at least one evaluation unit (40) designed to derive the dominant light source type from the quotient result (23) and the frequency result (13).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定入射在单元（1）上并由多个不同类型的光源产生的电磁辐射（2）中的主要光源类型的单元（1）。 该单元包括设计成检测可见光谱范围内的电磁辐射并产生第一输出信号（11）的至少一个第一光电二极管（10）。 该单元包括设计成检测红外光谱范围内的电磁辐射并产生第二输出信号（21）的至少一个第二光电二极管（20）。 该单元包括设计成从第一（11）和第二（21）输出信号导出商结果（23）和频率结果（13）的至少一个计算单元（30）。 频率结果（13）提供关于包含在电磁辐射中的预定频率范围中信号分量的存在或不存在的信息。 该单元包括设计成从商结果（23）和频率结果（13）导出主要光源类型的至少一个评估单元（40）。
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50.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08433072B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-30
申请号：US12743211
申请日：2008-11-07
CPC分类号： H04R25/658 , H04R25/305 , H04R25/604 , H04R25/70 , H04R2420/05
摘要： The invention regards a hearing aid comprising a receiver and a signal processing device, wherein the signal processing device is electrically coupled to a connection socket operable to detachably connect the receiver to the socket and whereby the signal processing device further comprise a detector operable to detect a characteristics of the receiver which is connected to the signal processing device through the connection socket. The present invention addresses the problem of identification of individual receiver properties as well as of identifying different types of receivers.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种包括接收器和信号处理装置的助听器，其中信号处理装置电耦合到可操作以将接收器可拆卸地连接到插座的连接插座，由此信号处理装置还包括可操作以检测 通过连接插座连接到信号处理装置的接收器的特性。 本发明解决了识别各个接收机属性以及识别不同类型的接收机的问题。
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