摘要:
A lighting apparatus according to the present invention includes: a plurality of solid state light emitting devices; a holding unit which holds the plurality of solid state light emitting devices; a casing inside which the holding unit is disposed; a first terminal and a second terminal disposed at a longitudinal end of the casing; a third terminal and a fourth terminal disposed at the other longitudinal end of the casing; a first rectification unit which converts alternating current power, supplied from an external source to the first terminal and the third terminal, into direct current power, and to supply the direct current power to the plurality of solid state light emitting devices; and a second rectification unit which converts alternating current power, supplied from the external source to the second terminal and the fourth terminal, into direct current power, and to supply the direct current power to the plurality of solid state light emitting devices.
摘要:
A fixing device comprises a thermally fixing roller, a belt, and pushing means which pushes the belt toward the thermally fixing roller. A nipping region is formed between the belt and the thermally fixing roller. A maximum pressure is produced in an upstream end region of the thermally fixing roller in the direction of rotation in the nipping region, another maximum pressure is produced in a downstream end region thereof in the direction of rotation in the nipping region, and a pressure is produced in an intermediate region, which pressure being not higher than the maximum pressure in the upstream end region and not higher than the another maximum pressure in the downstream end region.
摘要:
A photocoupler having a first and second light-emitting diodes, a compensation circuit, which compensates input signals to the first light-emitting diode and generates input signals to the second light-emitting diode, and further makes the current waveform at the second light-emitting diode complementary to the current waveform at the first light-emitting diode, and at least one photodiode that detects the light emitted from the first and second light-emitting diodes.
摘要:
In the case of a flat panel display having an vacuum envelope in which electron sources are formed in a matrix, it is difficult to control the distance between the front substrate and the rear substrate in and around the effective screen area. Spacers are arranged both in and around the effective display area 6. Inner spacers 12 are arranged in the effective display area 6 while outer spacers 13 are arranged around the effective display area 6. The distance between the front substrate 2 and the front substrate 1 in the peripheral area is controlled by the outer spacers 13. This can solve various problems including the electrification of spacers 12 which may occur if the distance between the front substrate 2 and the front substrate 1 is not uniform.
摘要:
A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a storage element which is programmed with information by breaking an insulating film by application of electrical stress to the storage element, a control switch which controls the application of electrical stress to the storage element, and a control circuit which controls conduction/nonconduction of the control switch. The device further includes a power supply circuit including a voltage generation circuit which generates a first voltage to cause the electrical stress in program operation, a sensing circuit which senses that the insulating film is broken down, and a counter circuit which controls the control circuit to interrupt the application of electrical stress to the storage element when a given period of time elapses after the sensing circuit senses that the insulating film is broken down.
摘要:
A spacer according to the present invention for use in a flat panel display, which includes a cathode substrate with a cold cathode electron emitting device formed thereon, an anode substrate with a phosphor formed thereon, and a spacer disposed between the cathode and anode substrates, comprises a base made of a conductive glass, and a conductive crystallized glass layer on a surface of the base. The spacer is more excellent in antistatic characteristics than conventional spacers having a conducting layer on the surface of an insulating glass base. A flat panel display according to the present invention using the spacers permits a higher voltage to be applied, thus increasing image quality.
摘要:
A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a storage unit arranged on a semiconductor chip to store a plurality of data, and a plurality of registers provided on the semiconductor chip, the registers storing the data transferred from the storage unit, respectively. The storage unit has a nonvolatile memory element section and a volatile memory element section. The nonvolatile memory element section includes an address area which stores identification information of the registers as addresses and a data area which stores the data to correspond to the addresses by varying electrical characteristics irreversibly. The volatile memory element section temporarily stores the data read from the nonvolatile memory element section.
摘要:
A topcoat composition that includes a fluorine-containing polymer and a casting solvent selected from the group consisting of α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether (OFP-TFEE), and a mixture consisting of a hydrophobic alkane and an alcohol is provided. Also provided is method of forming an image on a photoresist that includes forming a photoresist over a substrate; applying a topcoat composition, the topcoat composition comprising at least one fluorine-containing polymer and a casting solvent, onto the photoresist; removing the casting solvent of the topcoat composition resulting in the formation of a topcoat material over the photoresist; exposing the photoresist to radiation, the radiation changing a chemical composition of the regions of the photoresist exposed to the radiation, forming exposed and unexposed regions in the photoresist; and removing i) the topcoat material and ii) the exposed regions of the photoresist or the unexposed regions of the photoresist.
摘要:
A copolymer is provided for use in a lithographic photoresist composition, particularly a chemical amplification photoresist. In a preferred embodiment, the copolymer is substantially transparent to deep ultraviolet radiation, i.e., radiation of a wavelength less than 250 nm, including 157 nm, 193 nm and 248 nm radiation, and has improved sensitivity and resolution. In one embodiment, the copolymer is comprised of an α-cyano- or an α-trifluoro-methacrylate monomer unit and a vinyl ether monomer unit. A lithographic photoresist composition containing the fluorinated copolymer is also provided, as is a process for using the composition to generate resist images on a substrate, i.e., in the manufacture of integrated circuits or the like.
摘要:
A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) is constituted by a plurality of transducer elements comprising plural transducer cells that are mutually connected in parallel and comprises: a silicon substrate; a bottom electrode placed on the top surface of the silicon substrate; an upper electrode placed opposite to the bottom electrode and apart therefrom by a prescribed air or vacuum; a membrane for supporting the bottom electrode; and a membrane supporting part for supporting the membrane, wherein the cMUT comprises a third electrode which has an electrical continuity to the bottom electrode and which corresponds to either one of the transducer cells of a prescribed number of the transducer subelement or of the transducer elements, and a fourth electrode which is a ground electrode electrically connected to the bottom electrode.