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41.发明授权Intercalates and exfoliates formed with oligomers and polymers and composite materials containing same 失效用低聚物和聚合物形成的插层物和去角质物以及含有它们的复合材料
公开(公告)号：US5552469A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-03
申请号：US488264
申请日：1995-06-07
摘要： Exfoliated layered silicate material derived from intercalates formed by contacting the layer material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant polymer to sorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant polymer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix polymer melt, to provide a matrix polymer/platelet nanocomposite material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.
摘要翻译： 衍生自通过使层状材料例如页硅酸盐与嵌入聚合物接触而形成的嵌层的剥离层状硅酸盐材料在分层材料的相邻片晶之间吸附或嵌入聚合物。 在相邻的血小板之间吸附足够的嵌入聚合物以将相邻的血小板膨胀至至少约10安培（除水后测量）的间隔，高达约100安培，优选在约30-45安培的范围内， 插入物容易被剥离，例如当与热塑性或热固性基质聚合物熔体混合时，提供基质聚合物/血小板纳米复合材料 - 血小板从插层中剥离。
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公开(公告)号：US5017361A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-21
申请号：US390862
申请日：1989-08-08
CPC分类号： A61K8/4973 , A61K8/26 , A61K8/416 , A61Q17/00 , Y10S514/862
摘要： An allergen absorbent and blocking aerosol composition for topical application to the skin comprises a highly activated organophilic clay of the smectite type, ion exchanged with a quaternary ammonium compound having aryl or alkyl groups in the range of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, and a vehicle comprising one or more long-chain hydrocarbons or volatile silicone oils. The composition is preferably in the form of an aerosol composition additionally comprising an aerosol propellant. The composition is applied to the skin, preferably by spraying, to block and absorb the allergenic oils of toxic plants such as poison ivy and the like.
摘要翻译： 用于局部施用于皮肤的过敏原吸收剂和阻塞气溶胶组合物包括蒙脱石型的高活性亲有机粘土，与具有10至22个碳原子的芳基或烷基的季铵化合物进行离子交换， 包括一种或多种长链烃或挥发性硅油。 组合物优选为另外包含气溶胶推进剂的气溶胶组合物的形式。 组合物优选通过喷雾施用于皮肤，以阻断和吸收有毒植物如毒藤等的变应原油。
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公开(公告)号：US4549966A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-29
申请号：US618544
申请日：1984-06-08
申请人： Gary W. Beall
发明人： Gary W. Beall
CPC分类号： C02F1/288 , B01D15/00 , B09B1/00 , Y10S210/908 , Y10S210/909
摘要： A method is provided of removing organic contaminants from an aqueous composition contaminated therewith. The method comprises contacting the aqueous composition with a sufficient amount of organoclay for a sufficient amount of time to absorb a substantial portion of the contaminant, and to form an aqueous organoclay admixture. The organoclay and aqueous composition are then separated from each other. The method is particularly useful for separating oily contaminants from water toxic substance precursors, e.g. humic acid and toxic organics (e.g. PCB) from water.
摘要翻译： 提供了从被污染的水性组合物中除去有机污染物的方法。 该方法包括使含水组合物与足够量的有机粘土接触足够的时间以吸收大部分污染物，并形成含水有机粘土混合物。 然后将有机粘土和水性组合物彼此分离。 该方法特别适用于从水中毒性物质前体分离油性污染物。 腐殖酸和有毒有机物（如PCB）。
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公开(公告)号：US08865307B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-21
申请号：US13486440
申请日：2012-06-01
申请人： Gary W. Beall
发明人： Gary W. Beall
IPC分类号： B32B9/04
CPC分类号： C01B31/0446 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/184 , C01B32/194 , C07C37/00 , C07C37/002 , C07C67/00 , C07C231/00 , C07C2603/54 , C08K5/053 , H01B1/12 , Y10T428/31504 , C07C39/12
摘要： This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene, functionalized graphenes, and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol, functionalized graphenes, and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.
摘要翻译： 该公开内容包括一种意外地可以在溶剂中的颗粒或分散体中产生非常便宜的石墨烯，官能化石墨烯和称为石棉酚的新化合物的方法。 该工艺还可以在金属和非金属基底上生产石墨烯层。 此外，可以利用石墨烯，官能化的石墨烯和石墨烯形成纳米复合材料，其产生超过以前报道的任何物质改进。
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45.发明授权Intercalates and exfoliates formed with hydroxyl-functional; polyhydroxyl-functional; and aromatic compounds; composite materials containing same and methods of modifying rheology therewith 有权插层和去角质形成羟基官能团; 多羟基官能团 和芳香族化合物; 含有其的复合材料以及用其改性流变性的方法公开(公告)号：US06461423B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-08
申请号：US09578129
申请日：2000-05-24
IPC分类号： B05D700
CPC分类号： C01B33/44 , C08K9/04 , F16C2240/64
摘要： Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 Å (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 Å and preferably in the range of about 10-45 Å, so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix. Alternatively, the intercalated complex can be exfoliated prior to or after combination with the organic liquid or the matrix polymer.
摘要翻译： 通过使分层材料例如页硅酸盐与具有羟基和/或芳环官能团的嵌入剂单体接触形成的嵌入体，以在分层材料的相邻片晶之间吸附或插入插入剂单体。 在相邻的血小板之间吸附足够的嵌入剂单体以将相邻的血小板膨胀至至少约5埃的水平（在除水后测量为最多5重量％的水），至多约100埃，优选在 约10-45埃，使得插入物容易被剥离成单独的血小板。 插入的复合物可以与有机液体结合成粘性载体材料，用于递送载体材料或递送活性化合物; 或者插层的复合物可以与基质聚合物组合以形成强的，填充的聚合物基质。 或者，插入的复合物可以在与有机液体或基质聚合物组合之前或之后剥离。
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46.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6050509A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US40639
申请日：1998-03-18
CPC分类号： C01B33/40 , C09C1/42 , C01P2004/51 , C01P2004/53 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2006/80
摘要： A clay purification process, for removing impurities recovered with the clay, particularly a montmorillonite clay, includes the steps of separating the clay from rocks and other large non-clay impurities; dispersing the clay and smaller impurities in water, preferably at a concentration of at least about 4% by weight clay, based on the total weight of clay and water, more preferably about 6-10% by weight clay in water, to provide a clay slurry; passing the clay slurry through a series of hydrocyclones to remove the larger particles (impurities) while retaining clay particles having a size of about 100 microns or less, particularly about 80 microns or less; ion exchanging the clay to remove at least about 95% of the interlayer, multivalent (e.g., divalent and trivalent) cations in an ion exchange column, wherein the multivalent ions are replaced by monovalent cations, such as sodium, lithium and/or hydrogen; and then centrifuging the clay to remove a majority of the particles having a size in the range of about 0.5 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m.
摘要翻译： 用于去除用粘土，特别是蒙脱土粘土回收的杂质的粘土净化方法包括将粘土与岩石和其它大的非粘土杂质分离的步骤; 基于粘土和水的总重量，更优选将粘土和较小的杂质分散在水中，优选以至少约4重量％的粘土的浓度，更优选约6-10重量％的粘土在水中，以提供粘土 泥浆; 使粘土浆通过一系列水力旋流器以除去较大的颗粒（杂质），同时保留尺寸为约100微米或更小，特别是约80微米或更小的粘土颗粒; 离子交换粘土以在离子交换柱中除去至少约95％的中间层，多价（例如二价和三价）阳离子，其中多价离子被一价阳离子如钠，锂和/或氢代替; 然后离心粘土以除去尺寸在约0.5μm至约100μm的范围内的大部分颗粒。
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47.发明授权Intercalates and exfoliates formed with organic pesticides compounds and compositions containing the same 失效用有机农药化合物和含有它们的组合物形成的插层和去角质
公开(公告)号：US5955094A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-21
申请号：US963818
申请日：1997-11-04
CPC分类号： A01N25/08
摘要： Intercalates formed by contacting an activated layered material, e.g., an activated phyllosilicate, with an intercalant pesticide to intercalate an intercalant pesticide between adjacent platelets of the layered material is disclosed. Sufficient intercalant pesticide is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water) up to about 100 .ANG., and preferably in the range of about 10 to about 45 .ANG., so that, if desired, the intercalate can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalate can be combined with an organic liquid to form a viscous composition for delivery of a pesticide compound. Alternatively, the intercalate can be exfoliated prior to combination with the organic liquid. The intercalated complex also can be admixed with solid particles to provide a granular, dust, or wettable powder pesticide composition.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过使活化的层状材料（例如活化的页硅酸盐）与插入剂农药接触而形成的插层，以在层状材料的相邻片晶之间插入插入剂农药。 在相邻血小板之间吸附足够的嵌入剂杀虫剂以将相邻的血小板膨胀至至多约5安培的水平（在除水至最多5重量％水之后测量）至多约100安培的范围内，优选在 约10至约45个角度，使得如果需要，插层物可以被剥离成单独的血小板。 插层物可以与有机液体组合以形成用于递送农药化合物的粘性组合物。 或者，插入物可以在与有机液体组合之前被剥离。 插层的复合物也可以与固体颗粒混合，以提供颗粒状，粉尘或可湿性粉剂农药组合物。
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48.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5760121A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US637092
申请日：1996-05-02
IPC分类号： C01B33/44 , C08K3/00 , C08K3/34 , C08K7/00 , C08K9/04 , C08K9/08 , C08L101/00 , C11C5/00 , C08J5/10 , C08L77/00
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , A61K8/26 , A61K8/27 , A61K8/8176 , A61Q5/04 , C01B33/44 , C08K3/34 , C08K7/00 , C08K9/04 , C08K9/08 , C11C5/002 , A61K2800/56 , C01P2002/74 , C01P2004/20 , C01P2004/54 , C01P2004/64
摘要： Nanocomposites are manufactured by combining a host material, such as an organic solvent or a matrix polymer and exfoliated intercalates formed by contacting a phyllosilicate with a polymer to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG., preferably at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with an organic solvent or a polymer melt, to provide a carrier material for drugs and the like, or to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite (nanocomposite) material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.
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49.发明授权Intercalates; exfoliates; process for manufacturing intercalates and exfoliates and composite materials containing same 失效插层; 去角质 用于制造插层和去角质的方法以及含有它们的复合材料
公开(公告)号：US5578672A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US480080
申请日：1995-06-07
CPC分类号： C11C5/002 , C01B33/44 , C08K9/04 , Y10T428/259
摘要： Intercalates formed by mixing the phyllosilicate with a polymer and a liquid carrier, and extruding the mixture through a die-opening to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 55 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets by heating the polymer to its melting point, to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite material.
摘要翻译： 通过将页硅酸盐与聚合物和液体载体混合而形成的嵌入物，并且通过模具开口挤出混合物以在相邻的页硅酸盐片剂之间吸附或嵌入聚合物。 在相邻的页硅酸盐片之间吸附足够的聚合物以使相邻的血小板膨胀至至少约10安培（除水后测量）的间隔，最高约为55安培，优选在约30-40安培范围内， 通过将聚合物加热至其熔点，易于插入到各个血小板中，以提供基质聚合物/血小板复合材料。
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公开(公告)号：US4677158A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US796844
申请日：1985-11-12
申请人： Su C. Tso , Gary W. Beall , Mary C. Holthouser
发明人： Su C. Tso , Gary W. Beall , Mary C. Holthouser
CPC分类号： C09D7/1225 , C01B33/44 , C09D7/002 , C08K3/346 , C08K5/19
摘要： A process whereby a smectite clay having a cationic exchange capacity of at least 50 meq./100 gm of clay is reacted with a quaternary ammonium compound to yield a cationic structure suitable as a thickener for aqueous suspensions, particularly latex paints and caulks. The general structure of the quaternary ammonium compound is typically a nitrogen atom bonded to four separated carbon chains where one chain can be a methyl or alkyl group containing 10 to 22 carbons, and the second chain an alkyl group containing from 10 to 22 carbons or a polyoxyethylene chain. The third and fourth chains are polyoxyethylene chains where the total munber of ethylene oxide units is from 5 to 200 moles.
摘要翻译： 使具有至少50meq./100gm粘土的阳离子交换容量的蒙脱石粘土与季铵化合物反应以产生适合作为水性悬浮液，特别是乳胶漆和填缝剂的增稠剂的阳离子结构的方法。 季铵化合物的一般结构通常是与四个分开的碳链键合的氮原子，其中一个链可以是含有10-22个碳的甲基或烷基，第二个链含有10-22个碳原子的烷基或 聚氧乙烯链。 第三和第四链是聚氧乙烯链，其中环氧乙烷单元的总苯乙烯为5至200摩尔。
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