公开(公告)号：US20090121146A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-14

申请号：US12293842

申请日：2007-03-08

Applicant: Randall P. Luhta ,  Marc A. Chappo ,  Brian E. Harwood ,  Rodney A. Mattson ,  Chris John Vrettos

Inventor： Randall P. Luhta ,  Marc A. Chappo ,  Brian E. Harwood ,  Rodney A. Mattson ,  Chris John Vrettos

IPC: G01T1/20

CPC classification number: H01L27/14663 ,  G01N2223/501 ,  G01T1/2018 ,  H01L23/3114 ,  H01L24/73 ,  H01L27/14618 ,  H01L27/14634 ,  H01L27/14661 ,  H01L2224/0401 ,  H01L2224/04042 ,  H01L2224/0603 ,  H01L2224/06051 ,  H01L2224/16145 ,  H01L2224/32145 ,  H01L2224/32225 ,  H01L2224/32245 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48145 ,  H01L2224/73253 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/1433 ,  H01L2924/15192 ,  H01L2924/16151 ,  H01L2924/16235 ,  H01L2924/19104 ,  H01L2924/19105 ,  H01L2924/3025 ,  H01L2924/00012 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A radiation detector module (22) particularly well suited for use in computed tomography (CT) applications includes a scintillator (200), a photodetector array (202), and signal processing electronics (205). The photodetector array (202) includes a semiconductor substrate (208) having a plurality of photodetectors and metalization (210) fabricated on non-illuminated side of the substrate (208). The metalization routes electrical signals between the photodetectors and the signal processing electronics (205) and between the signal processing electronics (205) and an electrical connector (209).

Abstract translation: 特别适用于计算机断层摄影（CT）应用的辐射探测器模块（22）包括闪烁体（200），光电检测器阵列（202）和信号处理电子器件（205）。 光电探测器阵列（202）包括半导体衬底（208），该半导体衬底具有多个光电检测器和在衬底（208）的非照射侧制造的金属化（210））。 金属化路由光电检测器和信号处理电子器件（205）之间以及信号处理电子器件（205）和电连接器（209）之间的电信号。

公开(公告)号：US06778637B2

公开(公告)日：2004-08-17

申请号：US10251387

申请日：2002-09-20

Applicant: Randall P. Luhta ,  William C. Brunnett ,  Rodney A. Mattson

Inventor： Randall P. Luhta ,  William C. Brunnett ,  Rodney A. Mattson

IPC: G21K102

CPC classification number: G21K1/025 ,  A61B6/4258

Abstract: A radiation detector (30) for a computed tomography scanner (12) includes a support structure (62). An alignment board (60) secures to the support structure (62) and includes photolithographically defined alignment openings (70) arranged to define a spatial focal point (34) relative to the alignment board (60). An anti-scatter element (32) is disposed on the support element (62) and includes one or more protrusions (86) which mate with the alignment openings (70) of the alignment board (60) to align the anti-scatter element (32) with the spatial focal point (34). A detector board (104) includes alignment structures (106) that align the detector board (104) with the anti-scatter element (32).

Abstract translation: 用于计算机断层摄影扫描器（12）的辐射检测器（30）包括支撑结构（62）。 对准板（60）固定到支撑结构（62）并且包括光刻定义的对准开口（70），其布置成相对于对准板（60）限定空间焦点（34）。 防散射元件（32）设置在支撑元件（62）上并且包括与对准板（60）的对准开口（70）配合的一个或多个突起（86），以将防散射元件 32）与空间焦点（34）。 检测器板（104）包括使检测器板（104）与防散射元件（32）对准的对准结构（106）。

公开(公告)号：US06461040B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09378448

申请日：1999-08-20

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson ,  P. Gerhard Roos ,  Donald E. Negrelli

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson ,  P. Gerhard Roos ,  Donald E. Negrelli

IPC: A61B608

CPC classification number: A61B6/583 ,  A61B6/08 ,  A61B6/466 ,  A61B6/547 ,  A61B2562/0219

Abstract: An x-ray source (30, 80, 100) transmits a beam of x-rays through an examination region (E). A receiver (28, 82, 102), in an initial spatial orientation relative to the source (30, 80, 100), receives the beam and generates a view of image data indicative of the intensity of the beam received. A sensor, such as an accelerometer, detects motion in a selected portion of a mechanical structure (M) supporting the source (30, 80, 100) and the receiver (28, 82, 102). Upon detection of motion, the sensor generates a motion signal. In one embodiment, a first accelerometer (40, 90) is associated with the receiver (28, 82) and a second accelerometer (42, 88) is associated with the source (30, 80). A position calculator (58, 60) mathematically calculates a position of both the source and receiver based on the acceleration data generated by the accelerometers. An image reconstruction processor, (62) receives the relative position data, electronically corrects for any misalignment or change in beam travel distance, and reconstructs the views into a volumetric image representation. In another embodiment, a sensor (108) detects motion of a mechanical structure (M2) and provides a motion signal to a processor (110). The processor (110) compares the detected motion with a database loaded with an empirically determined vibration model. Based on this comparison, the processor (110) then generates a cancellation signal, which controls an electromechanical actuator (106) to impart an offsetting force or motion to the mechanical structure (M2).

Abstract translation: x射线源（30,80,100）通过检查区域（E）传输一束x射线。 以相对于源（30,80,100）的初始空间取向的接收器（28,82,102）接收波束并产生指示所接收的波束的强度的图像数据的视图。 诸如加速度计的传感器检测支撑源（30,80,100）和接收器（28,82,102）的机械结构（M）的选定部分中的运动。 当检测到运动时，传感器产生运动信号。 在一个实施例中，第一加速度计（40,90）与接收器（28,82）相关联，并且第二加速度计（42,88）与源极（30,80）相关联。 位置计算器（58,60）基于由加速度计产生的加速度数据在数学上计算源和接收器的位置。 图像重建处理器（62）接收相对位置数据，电子校正光束移动距离中的任何未对准或变化，并将视图重建为体积图像表示。 在另一个实施例中，传感器（108）检测机械结构（M2）的运动并向处理器（110）提供运动信号。 处理器（110）将检测到的运动与加载有经验确定的振动模型的数据库进行比较。 基于该比较，处理器（110）然后产生消除信号，该消除信号控制机电致动器（106）向机械结构（M2）施加偏移力或运动。

公开(公告)号：US5384861A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-24

申请号：US719827

申请日：1991-06-24

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson ,  Todd J. Krochta ,  Dominic J. Heuscher

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson ,  Todd J. Krochta ,  Dominic J. Heuscher

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  G06F17/17 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G06T5/20 ,  G06T11/80 ,  G06F15/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/175

Abstract: A source (A) of images, such as a CT scanner (10), a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (12), and the like produces a plurality of basis images (I.sub.0, I.sub.1, I.sub.2, I.sub.3 . . . ). Two of the basis images are subtracted and divided (70, 72) by a number of interpolation increments (L.sub.1) to form a first differential image (I.sub..DELTA.1). The first and the third basis images are subtracted and divided (76, 78) by a number of available interpolation increments (L.sub.2) to form a second differential image (I.sub..DELTA.2). Four differential images are selectively combined and divided by a product of the first and second available increments (82, 84) to form a second order differential image (I.sup.2.sub..DELTA.12). An array of adders (D) selectively adds the first differential image to a currently displayed image stored in an image memory E each time a track ball (104) moves a cursor one increment in a horizontal position. Each time the track ball moves the cursor one increment up or down along the vertical column, the adder array adds or subtracts the second differential image to the currently displayed image. Each time the track ball steps the cursor between rows or between columns, the second order differential image is used to correct one of the first and second differential images. In this manner, only the currently displayed image, the first differential image, the second differential image, and the second order differential image need be stored to provide free interpolation among four basis images. The basis images themselves need not be stored.

Abstract translation: 诸如CT扫描器（10），磁共振成像设备（12）等的图像源（A）产生多个基本图像（I0，I1，I2，I3 ...）。 两个基本图像被减去并被分割（70,72）多个插值增量（L1）以形成第一差分图像（I DELTA 1）。 第一和第三基础图像被减去并被分割（76,78）多个可用的插值增量（L2）以形成第二差分图像（I DELTA 2）。 选择性地组合四个差分图像并将其除以第一和第二可用增量（82,84）的乘积以形成二阶差分图像（I2 DELTA 12）。 每当轨迹球（104）将光标移动到水平位置的一个增量时，加法器阵列（D）选择性地将第一差分图像添加到存储在图像存储器E中的当前显示的图像。 每次轨迹球沿着垂直列向上或向下移动光标时，加法器阵列将第二差分图像加到或减去当前显示的图像。 轨道球每次在行之间或列之间移动光标时，二阶差分图像用于校正第一和第二差分图像之一。 以这种方式，仅存储当前显示的图像，第一差分图像，第二差分图像和二阶差分图像，以在四个基本图像之间提供空闲内插。 基本图像本身不需要存储。

公开(公告)号：US5229934A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-20

申请号：US539134

申请日：1990-06-18

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson ,  Heang K. Tuy

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson ,  Heang K. Tuy

IPC: G06T5/50 ,  G06T11/00

CPC classification number: G06T11/008 ,  G06T5/50 ,  Y10S378/901

Abstract: A CT or other radiographic scanner (A) generates data that is arranged into sets (32). Each set is convolved (40) with a convolution function (42) and backprojected (44) into an image memory (46) along a corresponding one of a plurality of rays. A corresponding gradient image (52) in which each pixel value has either a one or a zero value is forward projected (54) and compared (60) with a standard. The comparison indicates along which rays data sets including bad data were projected. To subtract the bad data contribution from the image, the image representation is forward projected (90) along the identified rays, convolved (40) with a negative of the convolution function (84), and backprojected (44) along the identified ray into the image memory (46). Further correction may be obtained by replacing the subtracted data with interpolated data. To this end, the image representation is again forward projected (90) along the identified ray, convolved (40) with the original selected convolution function (42), and backprojected (44) into the image representation (46) along the identified ray.

Abstract translation: CT或其他射线照相扫描仪（A）产生排列成组（32）的数据。 每个集合具有卷积函数（42）并沿着多个光线中的相应一个被反投影（44）卷积成图像存储器（46）。 其中每个像素值具有一个或零值的对应的梯度图像（52）被正向投影（54）并与标准进行比较（60）。 比较表明预测包括不良数据的射线数据集。 为了从图像中减去不利的数据贡献，图像表示沿着所识别的光线向前投影（90），与卷积函数（84）的负卷积（40）并且沿着所识别的光线反向投影（44）到 图像存储器（46）。 可以通过用内插数据替换减去的数据来获得进一步的校正。 为此，图像表示再次沿着所识别的光线向前投影（90），与原始选择的卷积函数（42）卷积（40），并沿着所识别的光线反投影（44）到图像表示（46）中。

公开(公告)号：US5228070A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-13

申请号：US856621

申请日：1992-03-24

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  G01T1/29

CPC classification number: A61B6/5205 ,  A61B6/032 ,  G01T1/2985

Abstract: An x-ray source (20) rotates about a fixed cylinder (16) within which a subject of non-uniform cross-section is received. Radiation from the x-ray source passes through the subject and impinges on an arc of radiation detectors (28). Because the subject is of non-uniform cross-section, the average x-ray energy fluence impinging on the detectors across the arc varies with the relative angular position of the x-ray source and the subject. In one embodiment, a motor (18) which rotates the x-ray tube relative to the subject is controlled by a digital motor control (50). The digital motor control varies the rotational speed to a preselected angular velocity indicated by a look-up table (52) at each of a multiplicity of angular positions around the subject. The angular velocity is slowed when radiation is passing through thicker portions of the subject and accelerated when passing through thinner portions of the subject such that the average x-ray energy fluence received by the radiation detectors is substantially constant regardless of the angular position of the x-ray source. In another embodiment, an x-ray tube control circuit (82) alters the tube current such that the average x-ray energy fluence received by the detectors becomes angular position independent. In this manner, the signal-to-noise ratio at each angular position is the same and structural noise is eliminated in the resultant reconstructed image.

Abstract translation: X射线源（20）围绕其中接收到不均匀横截面的被摄体的固定圆筒（16）旋转。 来自x射线源的辐射穿过受试者并撞击在一弧度的辐射探测器（28）上。 由于受试者的横截面不均匀，所以入射到电弧上的检测器的平均X射线能量密度随x射线源和被摄体的相对角位置而变化。 在一个实施例中，通过数字电动机控制（50）来控制使X射线管相对于被摄体旋转的电机（18）。 数字马达控制将旋转速度改变为在被摄体周围的多个角位置的每一个处由查找表（52）所指示的预选角速度。 当辐射穿过受试者的较厚部分时，角速度减慢，并且当通过受试者的较薄部分时加速，使得辐射检测器接收的平均x射线能量通量基本上恒定，而与x的角位置无关 来源。 在另一个实施例中，X射线管控制电路（82）改变管电流，使得由检测器接收的平均x射线能量通量与角位置无关。 以这种方式，每个角位置处的信噪比相同并且在所得到的重建图像中消除结构噪声。

公开(公告)号：US4947412A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

申请号：US275782

申请日：1988-11-23

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/29

CPC classification number: A61B6/5205 ,  A61B6/032 ,  G01T1/2018 ,  G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/4021

Abstract: Detectors (20) of a CT scanner (10) have a radiation receiving face (34) which is larger than a photosensitive face (30) of a photodiode (22). Lead wires (28) connect the ends of the diode photosensitive surface to terminals (26). A scintillation crystal (32) has an overhanging portion (38) which overhangs at least the interconnection between the lead wires and the photosensitive face to protect the adjoining areas of the photosensitive face from incident radiation. This enables the radiation receiving surface to be larger than the photosensitive surface. The crystal is either undercut to define the overhanging area or a section of light pipe (60) is provided between the photosensitive surface and the crystal. Increasing the radiation receiving face decreases rotor ripple artifacts. Decreasing the photosensitive face area decreases diode capacitance and increases resistance which improves amplifier performance.

Abstract translation: CT扫描器（10）的检测器（20）具有大于光电二极管（22）的感光面（30）的辐射接收面（34）。 引线（28）将二极管感光表面的端部连接到端子（26）。 闪烁晶体（32）具有突出部分（38），其突出至少引线与感光面之间的互连，以保护感光面的相邻区域免受入射辐射。 这使得辐射接收表面能够大于感光表面。 晶体被底切以限定突出区域，或者在感光表面和晶体之间设置一部分光管（60）。 增加辐射接收面减少转子波纹伪影。 降低感光面积会降低二极管电容并增加电阻，从而提高放大器的性能。

公开(公告)号：US4663772A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-05

申请号：US782010

申请日：1985-09-30

Applicant: Rodney A. Mattson ,  Leslie J. Williams

Inventor： Rodney A. Mattson ,  Leslie J. Williams

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G01N23/04 ,  H05G1/26 ,  H05G1/60 ,  G01D18/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/583 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/482 ,  H05G1/26 ,  H05G1/60

Abstract: A phantom (FIG. 1) has a bone mineral standard (B) surrounded by tissue equivalent material (A) with a plurality of different cross sections. The phantom is disposed in an image region (44) of a tomographic scanner (FIG. 2). Scans are conducted through a plurality of different cross sections of the phantom to reconstruct a plurality of phantom image representations (62). The plurality of phantom image representations are stored by size in a correction memory (70). Thereafter, a patient is disposed on a patient table (50) in the image region and an image is taken through the patient's mid-section between the L2 and L5 vertebrae. A patient image representation is reconstructed and stored in an image memory (64). A slice size calculation circuit (72) determines the size of the patient slice. The correction memory is addressed with the calculated size to retrieve the phantom image representation of the most similar size. An image correction circuit (74) calibrates the patient image representation in accordance with the retrieved phantom image representation.

Abstract translation: 体模（图1）具有由具有多个不同横截面的组织当量材料（A）包围的骨矿物质标准物（B）。 该体模设置在层析扫描器的图像区域（44）中（图2）。 通过幻像的多个不同横截面进行扫描以重建多个幻影图像表示（62）。 多个幻像图像表示通过大小存储在校正存储器（70）中。 此后，患者被布置在图像区域中的患者台（50）上，并且通过患者在L2和L5椎骨之间的中间部分拍摄图像。 患者图像表示被重建并存储在图像存储器（64）中。 切片尺寸计算电路（72）确定患者切片的尺寸。 校正存储器用计算的大小来寻址以检索最相似大小的幻像图像表示。 图像校正电路（74）根据所检索的幻影图像表示来校准患者图像表示。

公开(公告)号：US4071769A

公开(公告)日：1978-01-31

申请号：US662593

申请日：1976-03-01

Applicant: Carl J. Brunnett ,  Jerome R. Cox, Jr. ,  Donald L. Snyder ,  Rodney A. Mattson

Inventor： Carl J. Brunnett ,  Jerome R. Cox, Jr. ,  Donald L. Snyder ,  Rodney A. Mattson

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/4488 ,  A61B6/032 ,  Y10S378/901

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for transaxial tomographic scanning of a patient. A scanning system is provided having a rotatably mounted X-ray radiation source/detector pair which orbits and radially scans the patient in the plane of orbit. The source provides a plurality of beams of radiation having axes in the orbital plane. The beams pass through the patient to an array of detectors each of which is aligned with one of the beams. Radiation intensity data is collected at predetermined orientations of each beam/detector pair as the assembly orbits about the patient. In a preferred embodiment the rotatably mounted source-detector pair is rotated as a unit through a preselected rotation angle .phi. about an axis effectively passing through the source. The axis and the source-detector pair connected to it are then orbited around the patient through an orbit angle .gamma. while maintaining the preselected rotation angle .phi.. The axis is orbited about an origin lying in the orbital plane. A set of measurements is taken during the orbit as the beams from the X-ray source sweep through substantially uniformly spaced, coplanar points [t(k), .phi.(n)] defined about the origin. After an orbit, the rotation angle .phi. is incremented, and the source detector pair re-orbits the patient for providing a new set of measurement data corresponding to the incremental rotation angle .phi.. Exact reconstruction is achieved after several orbit cycles when measurements are taken at the angles .phi., .gamma. characterized substantially as ##EQU1## WHERE D REPRESENTS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ORIGIN AND THE CENTER OF ROTATION, AND K, N ARE INTEGERS.

Abstract translation: 一种用于患者的横断层扫描的改进的方法和装置。 提供扫描系统，其具有可旋转地安装的X射线辐射源/检测器对，其在轨道平面中轨道和径向扫描患者。 源提供多个在轨道平面中具有轴的辐射光束。 光束通过患者到一组检测器，每个检测器与一个光束对准。 随着组件围绕患者轨道，辐射强度数据被收集在每个束/检测器对的预定取向处。 在优选实施例中，可旋转地安装的源 - 检测器对作为一个单元通过围绕有效地穿过源的轴的预选旋转角度φ1旋转。 然后连接到其上的轴和源 - 检测器对绕着患者通过轨道角γ，同时保持预选的旋转角度phi。 轴围绕位于轨道平面中的原点绕轨道运动。 在轨道中采取一组测量，因为来自X射线源的光束扫描基于原点定义的基本均匀间隔的共面点[t（k），phi（n）]。 在轨道之后，旋转角度phi增加，并且源检测器对重新轨道到患者，以提供对应于增量旋转角度phi的一组新的测量数据。 在几个轨道周期之后实现精确的重建，当以角度phi进行测量时，γ基本上表示为：在图像中表示原子与旋转中心之间的距离，K，N是整数。

公开(公告)号：US3976885A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-24

申请号：US559411

申请日：1975-03-18

Applicant: Carl J. Brunnett ,  Jerome R. Cox, Jr. ,  Donald L. Snyder ,  Rodney A. Mattson

Inventor： Carl J. Brunnett ,  Jerome R. Cox, Jr. ,  Donald L. Snyder ,  Rodney A. Mattson

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  G01N25/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/4488 ,  A61B6/032 ,  Y10S378/901

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for transaxial tomographic scanning of a patient. A scanning system is provided having a rotatably mounted X-ray radiation source/detector pair which orbits and radially scans the patient in the plane of orbit. The source provides a plurality of beams of radiation having axes in the orbital plane. The beams pass through the patient to an array of detectors each of which is aligned with one of the beams. Radiation intensity data is collected at predetermined orientations of each beam/detector pair as the assembly orbits about the patient. In a preferred embodiment the rotatably mounted source-detector pair is rotated as a unit through a preselected rotation angle .phi. about an axis effectively passing through the source. The axis and the source-detector pair connected to it are then orbited around the patient through an orbit angle .gamma. while maintaining the preselected rotation angle .phi.. The axis is orbited about an origin lying in the orbital plane. A set of measurements is taken during the orbit as the beams from the X-ray source sweep through substantially uniformly spaced, coplanar points [t(k), .theta.(n)] defined about the origin. After an orbit, the rotation angle .phi. is incremented, and the source detector pair re-orbits the patient for providing a new set of measurement data corresponding to the incremental rotation angle .phi.. Exact reconstruction is achieved after several orbit cycles when measurements are taken at the angles .phi., .gamma. characterized substantially as ##EQU1## OF ROTATION, AND K, N ARE INTEGERS.

Abstract translation: 一种用于患者的横断层扫描的改进的方法和装置。 提供扫描系统，其具有可旋转地安装的X射线辐射源/检测器对，其在轨道平面中轨道和径向扫描患者。 源提供多个在轨道平面中具有轴的辐射光束。 光束通过患者到一组检测器，每个检测器与一个光束对准。 随着组件围绕患者轨道，辐射强度数据被收集在每个束/检测器对的预定取向处。 在优选实施例中，可旋转地安装的源 - 检测器对作为一个单元通过围绕有效地穿过源的轴的预选旋转角度φ1旋转。 然后连接到其上的轴和源 - 检测器对绕着患者通过轨道角γ，同时保持预选的旋转角度phi。 轴围绕位于轨道平面中的原点绕轨道运动。 在轨道期间进行一组测量，因为来自X射线源的光束扫描基于原点定义的基本均匀间隔的共面点[t（k），θ（n）]。 在轨道之后，旋转角度phi增加，并且源检测器对重新轨道到患者，以提供对应于增量旋转角度phi的一组新的测量数据。 在几个轨道周期之后实现精确的重建，当以角度phi进行测量时，γ基本上表示为k DELTA t phi = sin 1和γ= phi + n DELTAθ，旋转角，和K，N为整数 。