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    Ammonia synthesis using lithium ion conductive membrane
    41.
    发明授权
    Ammonia synthesis using lithium ion conductive membrane 有权
    氨合成使用锂离子导电膜

    公开(公告)号：US08916123B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-12-23

    申请号：US13428214

    申请日：2012-03-23

    申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    IPC分类号： C01C1/02 ,  C25B1/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25B13/04

    CPC分类号： C25B1/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B11/035 ,  C25B13/04

    摘要： Ammonia is synthesized using electrochemical and non-electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reactions occur in an electrolytic cell having a lithium ion conductive membrane that divides the electrochemical cell into an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment. The catholyte compartment includes a porous cathode closely associated with the lithium ion conductive membrane. The overall electrochemical reaction is: 6LiOH+N2→Li3N (s)+3H2O+3/2O2. The nitrogen may be produced by a nitrogen generator. The non-electrochemical reaction involves reacting lithium nitride with water and/or steam as follows: Li3N (s)+3H2O→3LiOH+NH3 (g). The ammonia is vented and collected. The lithium hydroxide is preferably recycled and introduced into the anolyte compartment. The electrolytic cell is shut down prior to reacting the lithium nitride with water. The cathode is preferably dried prior to start up of the electrolytic cell and electrolyzing Li+ and N2 at the cathode.

    摘要翻译： 使用电化学和非电化学反应合成氨。 电化学反应发生在具有将电化学电池分成阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室的锂离子传导膜的电解槽中。 阴极电解液室包括与锂离子传导膜密切相关的多孔阴极。 总电化学反应为：6LiOH + N2→Li3N（s）+ 3H2O + 3 / 2O2。 氮气可以由氮气发生器产生。 非电化学反应包括使氮化锂与水和/或蒸汽反应如下：Li 3 N（s）+ 3H 2 O→3LiOH + NH 3（g）。 将氨排出并收集。 优选将氢氧化锂再循环并引入阳极电解液室。 在使氮化锂与水反应之前关闭电解槽。 阴极优选在电解槽开始之前干燥，并在阴极电解Li +和N 2。

    Method of producing coupled radical products
    42.
    发明授权
    Method of producing coupled radical products 有权
    生成偶联产物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08506789B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-08-13

    申请号：US12840508

    申请日：2010-07-21

    申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  David Joel Hunt ,  Pallavi Chitta

    发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  David Joel Hunt ,  Pallavi Chitta

    IPC分类号： C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/10

    CPC分类号： C10G3/40 ,  C10G3/45 ,  C10G3/47 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P30/20

    摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

    摘要翻译： 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。

    AMMONIA SYNTHESIS USING LITHIUM ION CONDUCTIVE MEMBRANE
    43.
    发明申请
    AMMONIA SYNTHESIS USING LITHIUM ION CONDUCTIVE MEMBRANE 有权
    使用锂离子导电膜的氨合成合成

    公开(公告)号：US20120241328A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-09-27

    申请号：US13428214

    申请日：2012-03-23

    申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    IPC分类号： C25B1/00

    CPC分类号： C25B1/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B11/035 ,  C25B13/04

    摘要： Ammonia is synthesized using electrochemical and non-electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reactions occur in an electrolytic cell having a lithium ion conductive membrane that divides the electrochemical cell into an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment. The catholyte compartment includes a porous cathode closely associated with the lithium ion conductive membrane. The overall electrochemical reaction is: 6LiOH+N2→Li3N (s)+3H2O+3/2O2. The nitrogen may be produced by a nitrogen generator. The non-electrochemical reaction involves reacting lithium nitride with water and/or steam as follows: Li3N (s)+3H2O→3LiOH+NH3 (g). The ammonia is vented and collected. The lithium hydroxide is preferably recycled and introduced into the anolyte compartment. The electrolytic cell is shut down prior to reacting the lithium nitride with water. The cathode is preferably dried prior to start up of the electrolytic cell and electrolyzing Li+ and N2 at the cathode.

    摘要翻译： 使用电化学和非电化学反应合成氨。 电化学反应发生在具有将电化学电池分成阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室的锂离子传导膜的电解槽中。 阴极电解液室包括与锂离子传导膜密切相关的多孔阴极。 总电化学反应为：6LiOH + N2→Li3N（s）+ 3H2O + 3 / 2O2。 氮气可以由氮气发生器产生。 非电化学反应包括使氮化锂与水和/或蒸汽反应如下：Li 3 N（s）+ 3H 2 O→3LiOH + NH 3（g）。 将氨排出并收集。 优选将氢氧化锂再循环并引入阳极电解液室。 在使氮化锂与水反应之前关闭电解槽。 阴极优选在电解槽开始之前干燥，并在阴极电解Li +和N 2。

    OSMOTIC PUMP APPARATUS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS
    44.
    发明申请
    OSMOTIC PUMP APPARATUS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS 审中-公开
    OSMOTIC PUMP装置及相关方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110184389A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-07-28

    申请号：US13077655

    申请日：2011-03-31

    申请人： Eric A. Grovender ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  William P. Van Antwerp

    发明人： Eric A. Grovender ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  William P. Van Antwerp

    IPC分类号： A61M37/00

    CPC分类号： A61K9/0024 ,  A61K9/0004 ,  A61M5/14276 ,  A61M5/14526 ,  A61M5/14593 ,  A61M5/172 ,  A61M2005/14513 ,  A61M2039/242

    摘要： Apparatuses and methods for pumping fluids such as fluid medications are disclosed. Embodiments of the invention provide an osmotic pump fluid delivery apparatus including elements designed to control the fluid delivery rate. Typical embodiments of the invention include an arrangement of elements such as solute reservoirs that can manipulate the solute concentrations within an inner osmotic compartment or compartments of an osmotic pump so as to control fluid delivery from the pump. Other embodiments include sealed electro-osmotic pumps that do not discharge ions into the surroundings or require water from an external source. These embodiments of the invention provide new ways to control fluid delivery in apparatuses that employ osmotic processes to function.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于泵送液体如液体药物的装置和方法。 本发明的实施例提供一种渗透泵流体输送装置，其包括设计成控制流体输送速率的元件。 本发明的典型实施例包括可以操纵渗透室的内部渗透室或渗透泵的隔室内的溶质浓度以便控制从泵输送流体的溶质储存器等元件的排列。 其他实施例包括不将离子排放到周围环境或者需要来自外部源的水的密封电渗透泵。 本发明的这些实施例提供了在使用渗透过程起作用的装置中控制流体递送的新方式。

    Zinc Anode Battery Using Alkali Ion Conducting Separator
    46.
    发明申请
    Zinc Anode Battery Using Alkali Ion Conducting Separator 审中-公开
    锌阳极电池使用碱性离子导电分离器

    公开(公告)号：US20090189567A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-07-30

    申请号：US12022381

    申请日：2008-01-30

    申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John Howard Gordon ,  Sai Bhavaraju

    IPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/44

    CPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B2235/3203 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3232 ,  H01M10/39

    摘要： A zinc anode storage battery comprising a first electrode containing zinc or a zinc alloy, a second electrode containing an oxidizing material capable of electrochemical reduction by zinc, an alkaline electrolyte, and a substantially non-porous, alkali-ion conducting separator provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The alkali conducting separator may be a solid alkali metal ion super ion conducting material, wherein the alkali metal is Na, K, or Li.

    摘要翻译： 一种锌阳极蓄电池，包括含有锌或锌合金的第一电极，含有能够通过锌电化学还原的氧化材料的第二电极，碱性电解质和基本上无孔的碱离子导电隔离器， 电极和第二电极。 碱性导电隔膜可以是固体碱金属离子超离子导电材料，其中碱金属是Na，K或Li。

    Fluid delivery system
    49.
    发明授权
    Fluid delivery system 失效
    流体输送系统

    公开(公告)号：US5954268A

    公开(公告)日：1999-09-21

    申请号：US139446

    申请日：1998-08-25

    申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon ,  Giorgio di Palma ,  John I. McEvoy ,  Truman Wold

    发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  John H. Gordon ,  Giorgio di Palma ,  John I. McEvoy ,  Truman Wold

    IPC分类号： A61L9/12 ,  A24F25/00

    CPC分类号： A61L9/12

    摘要： A fluid delivery apparatus includes a housing having an open end and an interior surface. The interior of the housing defines a cavity within the housing. The cavity, in combination with a piston-like member, defines a reservoir for containing a fluid (e.g. such as an aromatic or other solvent or a solvent in which has been dissolved an aromatic substance). The piston has a port, and fits in piston-like arrangement within a cylinder contained within the housing. The piston moves within the housing, and movement of the piston acts to displace fluid from the port upon contraction of the reservoir (e.g. when the annular piston is driven into the device). Preferably, a fluid tight membrane covers the housing's open end. The apparatus also preferably further includes a conduit to transport fluid from the housing of the reservoir. The conduit has, on a first end, an exterior circumference sized and shaped to interact with the port of the annular member. On the second end of the conduit is preferably associated a sponge, wick or equivalent fragrance dispenser.

    摘要翻译： 流体输送装置包括具有开口端和内表面的壳体。 壳体的内部限定了壳体内的空腔。 空腔与活塞状构件组合，限定用于容纳流体（例如其中溶解有芳族物质的芳族或其它溶剂或溶剂）的储存器。 活塞具有一个端口，并且适合在容纳在壳体内的圆柱体内的活塞状布置。 活塞在壳体内移动，并且当储存器收缩时（例如当环形活塞被驱动到装置中时），活塞的运动用于使流体从端口移位。 优选地，流体密封膜覆盖壳体的开口端。 该装置还优选地还包括用于从储存器的壳体输送流体的导管。 导管在第一端具有尺寸和形状以与环形构件的端口相互作用的外圆周。 在导管的第二端优选地与海绵，芯或等效的香料分配器相关联。

    Fluid delivery apparatus and method
    50.
    发明授权
    Fluid delivery apparatus and method 失效
    流体输送装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5785688A

    公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

    申请号：US646069

    申请日：1996-05-07

    申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  James O. Davis ,  Truman Wold ,  Giorgio di Palma

    发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  James O. Davis ,  Truman Wold ,  Giorgio di Palma

    IPC分类号： A61M5/142 ,  A61M5/145 ,  A61M35/00 ,  A61M37/00

    CPC分类号： A61M5/14593 ,  A61M2005/14204 ,  A61M2005/14252 ,  A61M35/006 ,  A61M5/14244 ,  A61M5/14248

    摘要： An apparatus (120) useful for, among other things, subcutaneous drug delivery includes a housing (124), a fluid reservoir (154) disposed within the housing for storing the fluid, a pump or pressurized chamber for pressurizing a driving gas and exerting a force on the fluid reservoir to expel the fluid reservoir's contents, and a needle (150) or absorbent pad fluidically communicating with the reservoir. The apparatus may further include a pump activation mechanism such as a button and an electrical circuit such that pushing the button activates a circuit and connects a battery (138) to a pump (126), and a pump control mechanism such as electrical circuitry to control the voltage gradient to a pump to control fluid delivery.

    摘要翻译： 用于（其中包括）皮下药物递送的装置（120）包括壳体（124），设置在壳体内用于储存流体的流体储存器（154），用于对驱动气体加压并施加压力的泵 流体储存器上的力被排出流体储存器的内容物，以及与储存器流体连通的针（150）或吸收垫。 该设备还可以包括诸如按钮和电路的泵激活机构，使得按下按钮激活电路并将电池（138）连接到泵（126），以及诸如电路的泵控制机构来控制 泵的电压梯度来控制流体输送。