摘要:
An electromagnetic valve of a reduced size capable of suppressing temperature rise of a coil regardless of continuous electrical energization over an extended time while preventing attracting force from lowering includes a coil cooling fluid passage (9a; 8a; 4a) for communicating a coil cooling fluid sump space (2a) with a controlled pressure region for allowing a fluid to flow into the coil cooling fluid sump space (2a) from the controlled pressure region. The coil cooling fluid passage includes a small-diameter communicating passage portion (9a) provided so as not to exert influence to a hydraulic pressure prevailing in the controlled pressure region.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to further increase the speed of tilt control while suppressing a useless tilt control operation. Values of focus bias voltages (reference bias values V1 to V6) at a plurality of radial positions P1 to P6 are obtained and stored using a reference disk with a high flatness precision. Prior to a recording and reproducing operation, the values of focus bias voltages (Fo bias values vs1 to vs6) at the radial positions P1 to P6 are obtained, and each of tilt amounts T1 to T6 at the respective radial positions is obtained from a differential value between the reference bias value and the Fo bias value at each radial position. During recording/reproduction, a radial position Pn placed immediately before the recording/reproducing position is detected. Then, tilt control is performed with a tilt amount Tn at the radial position Pn being set as the tilt amount at the recording/reproducing position.
摘要:
Laser power adjustment is performed using a power calibration area (PCA) until the PCA is used up. After the PCA is used up, an additional PCA is reserved at the next recording start position and laser power adjustment is performed using the additional PCA. When an additional PCA is reserved, the additional PCA exists between an information file recorded this time and the last one of information files recorded previously in terms of a physical format. However, information test-written into the additional PCA is not regarded as an information file and PMA information is generated only from the information file recorded this time by excluding the test-written information. As a result, a situation is obtained in which the additional PCA does not logically exist on the disk and there will never occur an inconvenient situation where the additional PCA is erroneously reproduced at the time of reproduction.
摘要:
The purpose is to provide a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display panel wherein both a high contrast and a low driving voltage are obtained and scattering performance is superior. The polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of substrates 10, 11, a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layer 12 comprising a liquid crystal 18 and a liquid crystalline polymer 17, a driving electrode 7 and an opposite electrode 8. The driving electrode 7 and the opposite electrode 8 are formed on the lower substrate 11, and an electric field is applied approximately in parallel with the above-mentioned lower substrate 11. Under no application of voltage, the above-mentioned liquid crystal 18 and the polymer 17 adjacent to the liquid crystal, which composes an interface, are aligned in approximately the same direction on a plane parallel with the substrates according to an alignment treatment of the substrates, and thereby a transparent state is obtained. Under an application of voltage, the liquid crystal 18 rotates on a plane parallel with the substrates, and the polymer 17 and the liquid crystal 18 are made a disposition state of forming angles on a plane parallel with the substrates, and thereby a scattering state is obtained.
摘要:
A magneto-optical record medium and a reproducing apparatus for the same allow data reproduction having good characteristics by a simple structure. The magneto-optical record medium includes a plurality of first grooves (3) each having sidewalls, at least one of which is wobbled in accordance with address information; an address mark (21) formed by changing a width of a land located between second grooves connected to the first grooves; and third grooves wobbled cyclically, formed in a data portion magnetically storing data and connected to the second grooves. The reproducing apparatus reproduces the data from the magneto-optical record medium.
摘要:
A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode, is disclosed. The liquid crystal has liquid crystal droplets dispersed and held in either a polymer compound-containing continuous phase matrix or a three dimensional network of such a matrix. In one embodiment, the capacitance hysteresis, defined as Chys=(C2−C1)/Cmax, does not exceed 1.5%. C1 is the capacitance for an applied voltage that is in the process of rising a voltage-capacitance characteristic; C2 is the capacitance of an applied voltage in the process of dropping; and C2 is the capacitance of a maximum applied voltage. In another embodiment, the Chys value does not exceed 0.6% when the optical hysteresis Thys is (P2−P1)/Pmax where P1 is the intensity of transmitted light of an applied rising voltage V, P2 is the intensity of transmitted light of an applied dropping voltage, and Pmax is the intensity of transmitted light of a maximum applied voltage.
摘要:
A meandering groove is formed in a digital disk (10) with a wobble signal that is wobbled to reproduce a clock signal. The wobble signal is read out by an optical head (26). An address detection circuit (40) detects an address signal that is multiplexed with the wobble signal. A PLL oscillation circuit (24) provides a clock signal in synchronization with the wobble signal. Data is modulated by a modulation circuit (16) according to the clock signal and a timing signal based on the address signal, and recorded on the digital disk (10). In reproduction, a RF signal in the wobble signal is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter (42). The signal is demodulated by a demodulation circuit (44) for data output.
摘要:
A throttle valve controller for an internal combustion engine in which a ring gear comprises a core body having rigidity and a synthetic resin tooth portion integrated with the core body to improve the engagement accuracy of the ring gear and reduce costs.
摘要:
A higher reliable air control valve capable of improving producibility and reducing manufacturing cost without unpleasant characteristic change under operation. An air control valve includes: a bobbin wound by an energizing coil; a fixed plate for covering one end of this bobbin to construct a magnetic path; a yoke for at least partially covering the other end of said bobbin and an outer peripheral portion of the energizing coil, and being engaged with said fixed plate to constitute the magnetic path; an exterior member for constituting an exterior of said energizing coil and for making up the bobbin, the fixed plate, and the yoke in an integral form; a fixed core fitted into an inner diameter portion of said bobbin and fixed to said fixed plate; a movable core slidably inserted into the inner diameter portion of the bobbin along an axial direction and on which a valve body is slidably mounted via a spring at one end thereof along the axial direction; a return spring mounted between a spring adjusting member provided with said fixed core and said movable core; and a housing having an air inlet port, an air outlet port, and a valve seat provided in an air passage between said air inlet port and said air outlet port. Both said valve body mounted on said movable core and said valve seats of the housing constitute a valve; and said inner diameter portion of said bobbin is a guide for slidably holding said movable core along the axial direction.
摘要:
In one embodiment, a pair of liquid crystal shutter glasses include a first liquid crystal shutter and a second liquid crystal shutter. The first and second liquid crystal shutters are switched to a transmissive state by turns. The respective first and second liquid crystal shutters include a first electrode substrate and a second electrode substrate opposing the first electrode substrate. An OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode liquid crystal layer is held between the first and second electrode substrates. The first electrode substrate includes a first electrode and a second electrode arranged adjacent to the first electrode. The first and second electrodes respectively include a side opposing each other and a plurality of projecting portions provided to the respective opposing sides of the first and second electrodes alternately.