公开(公告)号：US20080213962A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-04

申请号：US12036969

申请日：2008-02-25

Applicant: Paul A. Clifton

Inventor： Paul A. Clifton

IPC: H01L21/336

CPC classification number: H01L29/7846 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/165 ,  H01L29/66636

Abstract: A thin blanket epitaxial layer of SiGe is grown on a silicon substrate to have a biaxial compressive stress in the growth plane. A thin epitaxial layer of silicon is deposited on the SiGe layer, with the SiGe layer having a thickness less than its critical thicknesses. Shallow trenches are subsequently fabricated through the epitaxial layers, so that the strain energy is redistributed such that the compressive strain in the SiGe layer is partially relaxed elastically and a degree of tensile strain is induced to the neighboring layers of silicon. Because this process for inducing tensile strain in a silicon over-layer is elastic in nature, the desired strain may be achieved without formation of misfit dislocations.

Abstract translation: 在硅衬底上生长SiGe的薄覆层外延层，以在生长平面中具有双轴压应力。 硅的薄外延层沉积在SiGe层上，SiGe层的厚度小于其临界厚度。 随后通过外延层制造浅沟槽，使得应变能被重新分布，使得SiGe层中的压缩应变被弹性地部分松弛，并且一定程度的拉伸应变被诱导到相邻的硅层。 因为在硅层中诱导拉伸应变的这种方法本质上是弹性的，所以可以实现期望的应变而不会形成失配位错。

公开(公告)号：US09497046B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-15

申请号：US14341472

申请日：2014-07-25

Applicant: Acorn Technologies, Inc.

Inventor： Steven C Thompson ,  Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H04B1/00 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/03057 ,  H04L25/03159 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: An OFDM communication system performs time domain channel estimation responsive to received symbols before the symbols are processed by a fast Fourier transform. The communication system generates virtual pilots from actual pilots to improve the stability and quality of channel estimation. The system generates a reference signal from the actual and virtual pilots and correlates the resulting reference signal with a signal responsive to the received symbol to generate an initial channel impulse response (CIR) and to determine statistics about the channel. In some circumstances, the resulting reference signal is correlated with a modified symbol in which the actual and virtual pilot locations are emphasized and the data locations are deemphasized. Time domain channel estimation iteratively improves on the initial CIR. The system determines channel estimates for data only symbols through averaging such as interpolation.

Abstract translation: 在通过快速傅里叶变换处理符号之前，OFDM通信系统响应于接收的符号执行时域信道估计。 通信系统从实际导频生成虚拟导频，提高信道估计的稳定性和质量。 该系统从实际和虚拟导频生成参考信号，并使得到的参考信号与响应于接收到的符号的信号相关，以产生初始信道脉冲响应（CIR）并且确定关于信道的统计。 在一些情况下，所得到的参考信号与其中强调实际和虚拟导频位置并且数据位置被加重的修改符号相关。 时域信道估计在初始CIR上迭代地提高。 该系统通过诸如插值的平均来确定仅数据符号的信道估计。

公开(公告)号：US09425277B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-23

申请号：US13552556

申请日：2012-07-18

Applicant: Daniel E. Grupp ,  Daniel J. Connelly

Inventor： Daniel E. Grupp ,  Daniel J. Connelly

IPC: H01L29/78 ,  H01L21/82 ,  H01L29/45 ,  H01L21/285 ,  H01L29/08 ,  H01L29/47 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/812 ,  H01L29/16 ,  H01L29/161

CPC classification number: H01L29/456 ,  H01L21/28537 ,  H01L29/0895 ,  H01L29/16 ,  H01L29/1608 ,  H01L29/161 ,  H01L29/45 ,  H01L29/47 ,  H01L29/66143 ,  H01L29/66643 ,  H01L29/78 ,  H01L29/7839 ,  H01L29/785 ,  H01L29/806 ,  H01L29/812 ,  H01L29/872

Abstract: An electrical device in which an interface layer comprising arsenic is disposed between and in contact with a conductor and a semiconductor. In some cases, the interface layer may be a monolayer of arsenic.

Abstract translation: 其中包含砷的界面层设置在导体和半导体之间并与其接触的电气装置。 在一些情况下，界面层可以是单层的砷。

公开(公告)号：US20160234042A9

公开(公告)日：2016-08-11

申请号：US14276857

申请日：2014-05-13

Applicant: Acorn Technologies, Inc.

Inventor： Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/021 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/025 ,  H04L25/03159 ,  H04L2025/03713

Abstract: An OFDM system generates a channel estimate in the time domain for use in either a frequency domain equalizer or in a time domain equalizer. Preferably channel estimation is accomplished in the time domain using a locally generated reference signal. The channel estimator generates an initial estimate from a cross correlation between the time domain reference signal and an input signal input to the receiver and generates at least one successive channel estimate. Preferably the successive channel estimate is determined by vector addition (or subtraction) to the initial channel estimate. The at least one successive channel estimate reduces the minimum mean square error of the estimate with respect to a received signal.

公开(公告)号：US09319260B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-19

申请号：US14525024

申请日：2014-10-27

Applicant: Acorn Technologies, Inc.

Inventor： Steven C Thompson ,  Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H03K7/00 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L27/2695 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/0218 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/025

Abstract: An OFDM receiver receives OFDM symbols in the frequency domain and comb filters and then punctures the OFDM symbols to leave symbols with actual pilot information and with null values at the data symbols. The receiver provides the punctured OFDM symbols to an OFDM symbol queue. A virtual pilot interpolator is coupled to the punctured OFDM symbol storage to generate virtual pilot information introduced to OFDM symbols. The interpolator may be a two dimensional Wiener filter. The receiver also includes a time domain channel estimator that processes a first OFDM symbol including virtual pilot information to generate a channel impulse response for the first OFDM symbol. A frequency equalizer equalizes the OFDM symbol in response to the channel impulse response for the first OFDM symbol.

Abstract translation: OFDM接收机接收频域中的OFDM符号和梳状滤波器，然后对OFDM符号进行穿孔，以留下具有实际导频信息的符号，并在数据符号处留下空值。 接收机将穿孔的OFDM符号提供给OFDM符号队列。 虚拟导频内插器耦合到穿孔的OFDM符号存储器，以产生引入OFDM符号的虚拟导频信息。 内插器可以是二维维纳滤波器。 接收机还包括时域信道估计器，处理包含虚拟导频信息的第一OFDM符号以产生第一OFDM符号的信道脉冲响应。 频率均衡器响应于第一OFDM符号的信道脉冲响应来均衡OFDM符号。

公开(公告)号：US09094821B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-28

申请号：US13365156

申请日：2012-02-02

Applicant: Steven J. Caliguri ,  Steven C. Thompson

Inventor： Steven J. Caliguri ,  Steven C. Thompson

IPC: H04M1/66 ,  H04W12/06 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H04L9/32

CPC classification number: H04W12/06 ,  H04L9/3226 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A software upgrade application can be downloaded to a handset to selectively enable enhanced functionality physical layer circuitry. In a particular implementation, an OFDM handset or other portable modem includes selectively enabled time domain channel estimation circuitry. An upgrade application within the handset is activated. The handset is checked to confirm compatibility with the enhanced functionality and the upgrade application is checked to confirm its authenticity. The upgrade application then activates the enhanced functionality within the physical layer of the device.

Abstract translation: 可以将软件升级应用程序下载到手机以选择性地启用增强功能的物理层电路。 在特定实现中，OFDM手机或其他便携式调制解调器包括有选择地启用的时域信道估计电路。 手机内的升级应用程序被激活。 检查手机以确认与增强功能的兼容性，并检查升级应用程序以确认其真实性。 然后升级应用程序激活设备物理层内的增强功能。

公开(公告)号：US09031123B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-12

申请号：US13835659

申请日：2013-03-15

Applicant: Fernando Lopez de Victoria

Inventor： Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H03H7/30 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L1/0038 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/0246

Abstract: A receiver performs interference mitigation under blind or semi-blind conditions using diversity present in the signal of interest or in the interferer. A first path interference mitigation procedure extracts training information from received signals, performs interference mitigation on the training information and estimates the channel. The second path interference mitigation procedure uses data extracted from the received signal and the channel estimate to perform interference mitigation. Each interference mitigation process can take the form of a lossy compression followed by decompression.

Abstract translation: 接收机在盲或半盲条件下使用感兴趣的信号或干扰信号中存在的分集来执行干扰减轻。 第一路径干扰减轻程序从接收信号中提取训练信息，对训练信息执行干扰减轻并估计该信道。 第二路径干扰减轻过程使用从接收信号提取的数据和信道估计来执行干扰减轻。 每个干扰减轻过程可以采取有损压缩的形式，随后进行解压缩。

公开(公告)号：US20150043629A1

公开(公告)日：2015-02-12

申请号：US14525024

申请日：2014-10-27

Applicant: Acorn Technologies, Inc.

Inventor： Steven C. Thompson ,  Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H04L27/26 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L27/2695 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/0218 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/025

Abstract: An OFDM receiver receives OFDM symbols in the frequency domain and comb filters and then punctures the OFDM symbols to leave symbols with actual pilot information and with null values at the data symbols. The receiver provides the punctured OFDM symbols to an OFDM symbol queue. A virtual pilot interpolator is coupled to the punctured OFDM symbol storage to generate virtual pilot information introduced to OFDM symbols. The interpolator may be a two dimensional Wiener filter. The receiver also includes a time domain channel estimator that processes a first OFDM symbol including virtual pilot information to generate a channel impulse response for the first OFDM symbol. A frequency equalizer equalizes the OFDM symbol in response to the channel impulse response for the first OFDM symbol.

Abstract translation: OFDM接收机接收频域中的OFDM符号和梳状滤波器，然后对OFDM符号进行穿孔，以留下具有实际导频信息的符号，并在数据符号处具有空值。 接收机将穿孔的OFDM符号提供给OFDM符号队列。 虚拟导频内插器耦合到穿孔的OFDM符号存储器，以产生引入OFDM符号的虚拟导频信息。 内插器可以是二维维纳滤波器。 接收机还包括时域信道估计器，处理包含虚拟导频信息的第一OFDM符号以产生第一OFDM符号的信道脉冲响应。 频率均衡器响应于第一OFDM符号的信道脉冲响应来均衡OFDM符号。

公开(公告)号：US20140334530A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-13

申请号：US14341472

申请日：2014-07-25

Applicant: Acorn Technologies, Inc.

Inventor： Steven C. Thompson ,  Fernando Lopez de Victoria

IPC: H04L25/02 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0212 ,  H04L25/03057 ,  H04L25/03159 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: An OFDM communication system performs time domain channel estimation responsive to received symbols before the symbols are processed by a fast Fourier transform. The communication system generates virtual pilots from actual pilots to improve the stability and quality of channel estimation. The system generates a reference signal from the actual and virtual pilots and correlates the resulting reference signal with a signal responsive to the received symbol to generate an initial channel impulse response (CIR) and to determine statistics about the channel. In some circumstances, the resulting reference signal is correlated with a modified symbol in which the actual and virtual pilot locations are emphasized and the data locations are deemphasized. Time domain channel estimation iteratively improves on the initial CIR. The system determines channel estimates for data only symbols through averaging such as interpolation.

Abstract translation: 在通过快速傅里叶变换处理符号之前，OFDM通信系统响应于接收的符号执行时域信道估计。 通信系统从实际导频生成虚拟导频，提高信道估计的稳定性和质量。 该系统从实际和虚拟导频生成参考信号，并使得到的参考信号与响应于接收到的符号的信号相关，以产生初始信道脉冲响应（CIR）并且确定关于信道的统计。 在一些情况下，所得到的参考信号与其中强调实际和虚拟导频位置并且数据位置被加重的修改符号相关。 时域信道估计在初始CIR上迭代地提高。 该系统通过诸如插值的平均来确定仅数据符号的信道估计。

公开(公告)号：US20140199813A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US13742067

申请日：2013-01-15

Applicant: Paul A. Clifton

Inventor： Paul A. Clifton

IPC: H01L29/66

CPC classification number: H01L29/66477 ,  H01L21/823807 ,  H01L21/823814 ,  H01L21/823878 ,  H01L21/84 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/78

Abstract: Processes for making field effect transistors relax a buried stressor layer to induce strain in a silicon surface layer above the buried stressor layer. The buried stressor layer is relaxed and the surface layer is strained by implantation into at least the buried stressor layer, preferably on both sides of a portion of the surface layer that is to be stressed. For example, implanting ions through the surface silicon layer on either side of the gate structure of the preferred FET implementation into an underlying stressor layer can induce strain in a channel region of the FET. This process can begin with a silicon or silicon-on-insulator substrate with a buried silicon germanium layer having an appropriate thickness and germanium concentration. Other stressor materials can be used.

Abstract translation: 用于制造场效应晶体管的过程放松埋置的应力层以在埋层应力层上方的硅表面层中引起应变。 埋置的应力层松弛，并且表面层通过注入到至少埋置的应力层中，优选地在被压应的表面层的一部分的两侧被应变。 例如，通过优选FET实施方式的栅极结构的任一侧的表面硅层将离子注入到下面的应力层中可以在FET的沟道区域中引起应变。 该工艺可以以具有适当厚度和锗浓度的掩埋硅锗层的硅或绝缘体上硅衬底开始。 可以使用其他应力源材料。