Abstract:
An optical sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a light emitting substrate and a circuit board. The light emitting substrate includes a light emitting device. The circuit board is provided at a position opposing the light emitting device. The circuit board includes a light transmitting section and one or multiple light receiving devices. The light transmitting section transmits light of the light emitting device. The one or multiple light receiving devices receive light reflected by a reflective layer of the light of the light emitting device exiting through the light transmitting section. For example, the one or multiple light receiving devices are formed on a first major surface of the circuit board. For example, the light emitting substrate is disposed at a position opposing a second major surface, of the circuit board, on an opposite side to the first major surface, and is stacked on the circuit board with a first bump interposed therebetween.
Abstract:
Compositions including a thermosetting polymer network and a mechanophore covalently bonded to the thermosetting polymer network are provided. Substrates including the compositions are provided. In addition, methods of making the compositions and methods of monitoring stress on a substrate comprising the compositions are provided.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of measuring a surface refractive index of a strengthened glass including causing light to enter a surface layer of the strengthened glass through a liquid provided with a refractive index equivalent to that of a surface of the surface layer; a process of causing the light to be emitted from the strengthened glass through the liquid; converting two types of light components into two types of emission line sequences; capturing an image of the two types of emission line sequences; measuring positions of respective emission lines of the two types of emission line sequences from the image; and calculating refractive indexes of a surface of the strengthened glass corresponding to the two types of light components, or refractive index distributions of the strengthened glass in a depth direction from the surface corresponding to the two types of light components.
Abstract:
A stress measurement method is provided of the present disclosure. The stress measurement method includes an image capturing procedure, a phase shift calculation procedure, an isochromatic intensifying procedure and a transformation procedure. The image capturing procedure is used to capture four light intensity images with four different phase angles of a sample. The phase shift calculation procedure is used to obtain an isochromatic retardation of the sample when the four light intensity images have sufficient light intensity values. The isochromatic intensifying procedure is used to calculate two enhanced light intensity values, the background of intensified isochromatic light intensity value and the amplitude of intensified isochromatic light intensity value to obtain an isochromatic retardation when the sample is in a low stress condition. The transformation procedure is used to transform the isochromatic retardation to a stress value of the sample.
Abstract:
An optical component may be provided having a substrate with a first refractive index, in which space regions with a second refractive index are arranged, wherein the optical component contains at least one optical metamaterial, which contains a plurality of individual pixels each comprising a space region which has the first or the second refractive index, wherein the substrate contains at least one polymer. Further, a sensor may be provided with such an optical component and a process for measuring any of an expansion or a temperature.
Abstract:
A method and system for obtaining force are provided, wherein the system includes a block made of a photoelastic material having multiple surfaces including a first surface on which an object is exerting the force to the block, and one or more polariscopes configured around the block, and wherein the method includes measuring photoelastic intensities by using three polariscopes simultaneously and obtaining each set of the photoelastic intensities sequentially in time to obtain a sequence of measured photoelastic intensities, and obtaining the force by using an optimization method based on the quantity associated with the difference between the measured and predicted photoelastic intensities.
Abstract:
A method for controlling a printing system adapted to print images on a web of media that is photoelastic and at least partially transparent. One or more printing stations are used deposit a pattern of printing material on a web of media travelling along a web transport path, thereby producing a printed image. A pattern of stress in the web of media is measured using one or more photoelastic measurement devices disposed along the web transport path, wherein the pattern of stress is at least partially induced by the deposited printing material. The measured pattern of stress is analyzed to detect the presence of one or more print defects, and a at least one aspect of the printing system is controlled responsive to detecting a print defect.