摘要:
A grounding member made of a spring steel includes a hexagonal top with a through hole, contact pieces extending from straight sides of the hexagonal top, and a grounding strip brazed to one of the contact pieces. The grounding member attaches to a spark plug with a spark plug insulator passing through the through-hole. The contact pieces pressure contact a peripheral surface of a hexagonal nut of the spark plug. A grounding wire is connected to a negative electrode of a battery. Electric charges generated in a spark gap are returned to the battery negative electrode from an external electrode of the spark plug via a spark plug housing, the grounding member, and the grounding wire. If the spark plug is loosely fitted in an engine cylinder head, or even if some engine body components are aged, electric charges flow without problems, preventing reduction of discharging performance.
摘要:
A toner formed of a toner composition containing a resin and a plasticizer, wherein the following relationships (1) and (2) are satisfied: Tg2r>Tg2t (1), and Tg1t−Tg2t>Tg1r−Tg2r (2), wherein Tg1r represents the peak of the resin for the first temperature rise and Tg2r represents the peak of the resin for the second temperature rise when a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement is performed for the resin, Tg1t represents the peak of the toner comprising the resin for the first temperature rise and Tg2t represents the peak of the toner comprising the resin for the second temperature rise when a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement is performed for the toner.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a membrane mask for use in an electron beam exposure apparatus that exposes resist material, comprises manufacturing the membrane mask. A membrane thickness is determined so that an operation time that the electron beam exposure apparatus spends in exposing the resist material to form a predetermined pattern using the membrane mask is comparable to or less than an operation time that the electron beam exposure apparatus spends in exposing the resist material to form the predetermined pattern using complementary masks.
摘要:
A grounding member made of a spring steel includes a hexagonal top with a through hole, contact pieces extending from straight sides of the hexagonal top, and a grounding strip brazed to one of the contact pieces. The grounding member attaches to a spark plug with a spark plug insulator passing through the through-hole. The contact pieces pressure contact a peripheral surface of a hexagonal nut of the spark plug. A grounding wire is connected to a negative electrode of a battery. Electric charges generated in a spark gap are returned to the battery negative electrode from an external electrode of the spark plug via a spark plug housing, the grounding member, and the grounding wire. If the spark plug is loosely fitted in an engine cylinder head, or even if some engine body components are aged, electric charges flow without problems, preventing reduction of discharging performance.
摘要:
An image forming method including forming an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member; developing the electrostatic latent image with a developer including a toner to prepare a toner image on the image bearing member; transferring the toner image onto a receiving material; and cleaning the surface of the image bearing member with a cleaning blade; wherein a surface of the image bearing member has a friction coefficient of from 0.10 to 0.40, and wherein the toner has an average circularity of from 0.97 to 1.00 and includes toner particles and a particulate material having an average particle diameter of from 0.03 to 1 μm, wherein the particulate material is externally added to the toner particles by a wet method.
摘要:
In a standing board fixing structure, a main board has a long hole, and a standing board has a hole inserting portion with taper faces of convergent shape formed at a bottom portion thereof. Engagement grooves are formed at an upper end portion of each taper face. A plated wire is attached onto the main board to stride across a region in the long hole corresponding to a lower edge portion on each taper face of the standing board. When the standing board is inserted into the long hole, the plated wire is guided to be gradually spread outwards along the taper faces and fitted and engaged in the engagement grooves, and the corresponding patterns of the standing board and the main board are soldered, whereby the standing board is stood and fixed on the main board.
摘要:
A method for preparing a toner including toner particles, including granulating a toner constituent mixture to prepare toner constituent particles having a polar group with a first polarity on a surface thereof; and mixing a surfactant having a second polarity different from the first polarity and a particulate material with the toner constituent particles to prepare the toner particles. A toner prepared by the method mentioned above. An image forming method including developing a latent image with the toner; transferring the toner image on a receiving material optionally via an intermediate transfer medium, and fixing the toner image on the receiving material. A process cartridge including a developer container containing a developer including the toner mentioned above, and at least one of an image bearing member; a charger; a developing device; and a cleaner.
摘要:
A dry toner including at least a modified polyester as a toner binder, wherein the modified polyester has a main peak in a molecular weight region of 1000 to 30000 in a molecular weight distribution as measured by GPC, contains 1 to 10% of a component having a molecular weight of at least 30000, and has an Mw/Mn ratio of not greater than 15.
摘要:
A toner for dry developing, containing a colorant, a binder including a modified polyester, and wax particles dispersed in the binder, wherein that portion of the wax particles having a dispersion diameter of 0.1-3 &mgr;m accounts for at least 70% by number of the wax particles.
摘要:
A method of fixing toner in a belt fixing unit having a fixing roller; a heating roller; an endless fixing belt binding the heating roller and the fixing roller under tension therebetween; a pressure roller disposed to face the fixing roller intervening the fixing belt; and a fixing heater disposed inside one of the pressure roller and the heating roller, the method of fixing includes: a step for fixing a toner image on an image fixing material by conveying the toner image on the image fixing material in between a portion of the fixing belt not touching the fixing roller and the pressure roller; featured by the toner particle being spherical having a roundness of 0.96 or more and contains a colorant and resin component containing a modified polyester resin.